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Ayurveda is a centuries old traditional medicine practiced in India even today. There are certain safe medicinal plants with well-established medicinal properties both in clinical practice as well as in modern scientific publications. Guduchi or Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers (Menispermaceae), is one such medicinal plant that has well known an...
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Context 1
... basal one longer Fig. 1. Tinospora cordifolia climber. and twisted partially and halfway around. It gets its name Heartleaved moonseed by its heart-shaped leaves and its reddish fruit. Lamina is broadly ovate or ovate cordate, 10e20 cm long and 8e15 cm broad, seven nerved, and deeply cordate at base, membranous, with a prominent reticulum beneath (Figs. 1e3). Flowers are unisexual, small on separate plants, and appear leafless, greenish-yellow on axillary and terminal racemes. Male flowers are clustered, but female flowers are usually solitary racemes. It has six sepals in two series of three each. The outer ones are smaller than the inner ones. It has six petals which are smaller than ...
Context 2
... basal one longer Fig. 1. Tinospora cordifolia climber. and twisted partially and halfway around. It gets its name Heartleaved moonseed by its heart-shaped leaves and its reddish fruit. Lamina is broadly ovate or ovate cordate, 10e20 cm long and 8e15 cm broad, seven nerved, and deeply cordate at base, membranous, with a prominent reticulum beneath (Figs. 1e3). Flowers are unisexual, small on separate plants, and appear leafless, greenish-yellow on axillary and terminal racemes. Male flowers are clustered, but female flowers are usually solitary racemes. It has six sepals in two series of three each. The outer ones are smaller than the inner ones. It has six petals which are smaller than ...
Citations
... Miers, известная как Гудучи, содержит алкалоиды, терпеноиды, ситостеролы, флавоноиды и фенольные кислоты. Данные соединения играют ключевую роль в антиоксидантной активности растения, активируя антиоксидантные ферменты, такие как каталаза, глутатионпероксидаза, GST и глутатионредуктаза, что способствует адаптивному ответу на ОС [36]. ...
The global market for herbal medicines is valued at $83 billion and continues to expand rapidly. Plant extracts, widely used due to their safety and minimal side effects, play a significant role in supporting liver function. The treatment of liver diseases, including hepatitis of various etiologies, alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and cirrhosis, involves the use of effective hepatoprotective drugs. Plant extracts provide antioxidant and immunomodulatory pharmacological effects that contribute to the maintenance of liver function. The aim of this review was to analyze the mechanisms underlying the hepatoprotective effects of various herbal extracts included in the formulation of DIPANA®, focusing on their antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties. Additionally, the review aimed to present clinical study results supporting their efficacy in treating of various liver diseases. The analysis was based on available literature data and clinical studies on the use of DIPANA®. The reviewed herbal extracts and their combination (DIPANA®) demonstrate efficacy in experimental models of liver damage and clinical studies involving patients with liver diseases, including alcoholic and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, drug-induced liver injury, and functional disorders of the gallbladder. This drug exhibits hepatoprotective, choleretic, relaxing effects and is well-tolerated by patients.
... T. cordifolia has been linked to autoimmune acute hepatitis and a study found that its use can reveal autoimmune hepatitis in patients [91]. In the interest of public health, further research is needed on the safety and effectiveness of unproven but widely marketed herbal remedies in alternative medical systems, and it is particularly important in light of the current worldwide health crisis [91,92]. ...
Various important medicines make use of secondary metabolites that are produced by plants. Medicinal plants, such as Withania somnifera and Tinospora cordifolia, are rich sources of chemically active compounds and are reported to have numerous therapeutic applications. The therapeutic use of medicinal plants is widely mentioned in Ayurveda and has folkloric importance in different parts of the world. The aim of this review is to summarize the phytochemical profiles, folkloric importance, and primary pharmacological activity of W. somnifera and T. cordifolia with emphasis on their action against the novel coronavirus.
... Interruption of electrostatic interactions between the RBD and ACE2 by Tinocordiside present in the extract of Tinospora cordifolia may interfere with SARS-CoV-2 entry [28]. Ocimum sanctum has been shown to possess immunomodulatory effects [29][30][31]. Coronil not only diminishes the Spike-protein-dependent SARS-CoV-2 viral entry into human alveolar epithelial cells but also inhibits the production of pro-in ammatory cytokines such as IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α. Coronil has also been shown to interfere with the binding of wild type spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 and its variants spike proteins such as S D614G and S W436R [29]. ...
Background
Accumulating evidence suggests that the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant has several times more binding affinity to the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor compared to the RBD of the original covid-19 strain This increased binding affinity of Omicron variant is responsible for its increased internalization and infectivity.
Methods
In the present study, the impact of Coronil, a tri-herbal formulation of extracts from Withania somnifera, Tinospora cordifolia, and Ocimum sanctum on the binding properties of Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant spike proteins (S proteins) was investigated. Compositional analysis of Coronil was performed by the Prominence-XR UHPLC system. The ELISA-based ACE2 binding inhibition assay was performed to delineate the effect of Coronil on the interaction between human ACE2 receptor and different Omicron variant spike proteins such as BA.4/BA5, XBB, BA.2.75.2, BA4.6/BF.7, BA.2.75.2, BQ.1.1, and a recently found spike protein variant JN.1 which is thought to emerge from BA.2.86.
Results
Coronil showed a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the interactions between ACE2 and receptor binding domains (RBD) of all variants of spike proteins evaluated in this study including the recently emerged, highly transmissible variant spike protein JN.1. Although, Coronil significantly reduced the binding percentage in almost all the variant spike proteins, the maximum inhibition was achieved against BA.4/BA.5 where it inhibited the S protein – ACE2 interaction even at a low concentration of 3 µg/ml (16.6%). This binding inhibition was further increased to 60.3 and 84.6% at 100 and 300 µg/ml respectively.
Conclusions
This capability of Coronil to inhibit the binding of spike protein variants with ACE2 receptor may interfere with viral binding and internalization resulting in reduced infectivity of these Omicron spike protein variants. Overall, our data underscores the potential of Coronil in combating the various newly emerged Omicron spike protein variants. These findings may provide a basis for further studies of Coronil for its clinical effectiveness against these Omicron variants.
... Contained within the general ethos of the Collection, there are different specialisms and disciplines, including laboratory-based research, toxicity studies, population-based research with clinical trials and disciplines such as philosophy, health system policy, economics, and history as well as experiential narratives on what integration of health means. The papers range from research on plant remedies [4,[10][11][12] to work on cells in animals [13], to human conditions [14] to respiratory related illnesses, pranayama and yoga breathing [15][16][17] pluralistic approaches to diagnosis and care [18,19], to commodified traditional wisdom [5], to public perception and health care choices [20,21] to methodological analysis of clinical trials [22]. Many themes emerge and the 'integration' of the perspectives of the papers provides different insights that are contained in the last column of the table. ...
In this commentary on the J-AIM Special Issue 'Integrative Approaches to Health', we argue for plural narratives of health to balance and to reconnect human populations with their environments, to foster a renewed culture of health and wellbeing. Integration of our inner and outer ecosystems with pluralistic health systems requires ‘movement’ and ‘change’ and the special issue provides papers on integration and health from multiple disciplinary perspectives that study humans, non-human, animals, and plants in relation to clinical trials, individual and population studies and health systems. All these perspectives provide new insights to map integrative approaches in health, illness and wellbeing in times of the climate emergency.
To ameliorate the biomedical and biopharmaceutical industries 'medicalisation of life' as the hegemonic and thus totalising human and more-than-human health systems and approach, the special issue acknowledges, situates and authorises broader visions and epistemologies of health and disease. These complementary epistemologies, their words, their movements (Ayu) and their health (Swastya) and balance (Soukya) are contained within indigenous health systems that include Ayurveda and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) amongst a vast array of local health cultures across the globe. In contrast with the narrower approach of medicalisation; integrative, inclusive, plural and sustainable approaches to health involve the respect for a population’s self-reliance in health (the 4th Tier) and the dignity of the Sanskrit word for health, ‘Swastya’ which means ‘being rooted within’. These perspective and epistemologies will help to create a vision for health and health systems that encourage integration through the dignity of the individual (Atmasnman/Anubhuti), respect for the other (Pratiksa/Adara), trust in community (Nyasa) and the creation of systems of equity (Samata) and social justice for all (Nyaya).
... As a result, the liver and kidneys are the prime targets. Several studies have revealed the hepatoprotective effects of T. cordifolia; its phytoactive substances, such as amritosides, tinosporide, and palmatine, are opioid receptor agonists that aid in hepatic cell regeneration and optimize the activities of antioxidant enzymes [56,77,78]. Similarly, the columbin and magnoflorine present in T. cordifolia allow regeneration of the liver by activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα) and dopamine [79]. ...
Objectives
Despite significant advancements in modern medicine, effective hepatoprotective medication with minimal side effects is still lacking. In this context. Tinospora cordifolia, an Indian Ayurvedic liana, has attracted much attention.
Key findings
Traditionally, T. cordifolia has been found to be effective in the treatment of jaundice; according to the literature, T. cordifolia is a hepatoprotective agent, and the CCl4 model is the most frequently used to evaluate its potential. Its hepatoprotective effects might be attributed to alkaloids (berberine, palmatine, and jatrorrhizine) and sinapic acid. Berberine decreases inflammation by inhibiting the proinflammatory cascade triggered by TNF-α and reduces nitrosative stress by inhibiting iNOS. T. cordifolia also exhibits anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and other activities; it is safe at concentrations up to 2000 mg/kg. Its biological action can be attributed to polyphenols, alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids, and glycosides. T. cordifolia has also been found to be an active ingredient in several polyherbal formulations used to treat chemical-mediated hepatotoxicity.
Conclusion
T. cordifolia’s hepatoprotective effects are mediated by the inhibition of lipid peroxidation, the management of oxidative stress, and other factors. T. cordifolia can be used to manage liver disorders and as a hepatoprotective supplement in the food industry. The bioprospecting of its alkaloids can lead to the development of novel formulations against hepatic ailments.
... In Chitwan District of central part of Nepal, the plant is used in the treatment of asthma, jaundice, cough, gout, skin rashes, and uropathy (Modi, Shah, et al., 2021). This plant was extensively used against several health complications like asthma, cold, fever as well as against Covid-19 pandemic (Panneer selvam et al., 2023). The present study uses a methanolic extract of T. cordifolia stem barks and leaves collected from Rupa Village of Kaski to assess the total phenolic, flavonoid contents, and antioxidant activity. ...
Conventionally used herbs are the major sources of biologically active phytoconstituents that are extensively used for the management of several health complications particularly in developing countries. Tinospora cordifolia, locally known as Gurjo, is one of the most widely utilized medicinal plants in Nepal. This study was carried out on quantifying the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, and evaluating antioxidant potential of the methanolic extracts of stem barks and leaf of a wild plant collected from Rupa Village of Kaski District of Nepal. The Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (FCR) method showed a total phenolic content of 50.84 ± 0.38 and 41.39 ± 0.44 mg GAE/g in the extracts of stem barks and leaves respectively. The AlCl3-based colorimetric method showed the total flavonoid contents of 27.44 ± 0.68 mg QE/g in stem barks and 18.44 ± 0.25 mg QE/g in the leaves extract. Besides, the antioxidant activity was evaluated by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. The stem bark exhibited higher antioxidant activity (IC50 = 36.50 ± 0.79 µg/mL) than that of the leaf extract (IC50 = 50.77 ± 1.29 µg/mL), as compared to the standard ascorbic acid (IC50 = 10.82 ± 0.04 µg/mL). These findings validate the traditional practice of using the plant, underscore the existence of a diverse range of bioactive compounds, and highlight the necessity for further investigations into its potential health benefits.
... and the recently described T. formanii Udayan and Pradeep. [3] Among these various species, Tinospora cordifolia and Tinospora crispa are widely distributed across India. Scientific reports indicate that T. crispa has been linked to adverse effects. ...
... The leaves of T. cordifolia are heart-shaped with a groovy notch at the base, whereas T. crispa leaves are heart-shaped without a groovy notch at the base. [3,5] Therefore, accurately identifying the herb based on morphological characteristics is crucial when formulating herbal products to prevent any undesirable effects. ...
... TC, also known as Guduchi, which belongs to the family Menispermaceae, is a perennial climbing herb that is widely distributed throughout the world [130]. TC is a conventional medicine with widespread pharmacological activity such as immunomodulatory, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antipyretic, and cardioprotective effects. ...
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive, multifactorial, and unremitting neurodegenerative disease characterized by memory loss, personality changes, and cognitive impairment. It has become more prevalent in recent years. Therefore, understanding the pathophysiology of AD and developing efficient therapeutic strategies are essential. Moreover, the progression of the disease is unaffected by the pharmaceutical approaches discovered to date. Additionally, the failure of over 200 potential drug candidates in clinical trials over the past decade suggests the complexity and difficulty of both the disease and its underlying causes. Therefore, research focused on medicinal plant-based natural products in the search for novel neuroprotective therapeutic candidates for AD is essential. Indeed, several scientific investigations have demonstrated the efficacy of many medicinal plants and their principal phytochemicals in the treatment of AD. This review article covered the pathophysiological mechanisms of AD, the necessity for natural products as anti-AD treatments, and the most recent preclinical studies revealing the function of neuroprotective medicinal plants and their bioactive compounds in the effective management of AD. In addition, the review also presents clinical trial data of promising anti-AD formulations/agents of plant origin. Revealing recent findings and highlighting the clinical trial data related to the development of new treatments for AD would promote further research in this field and pave the way for the development of more effective and safe treatments for this debilitating disease.
... TC, known as Guduchi in Ayurveda and Siddha's 3000 BCE Materia Medica, is a hepatoprotective, immune-modulating and lifespan-extending drug. 21 After adequate preclinical with an illustration of mechanism of action, it is likely that TC extracts will be useful in the treatment of PCOS. 22 The pathogenesis of PCOS is commonly linked to mild inflammation, hyperglycaemia, hyperlipidaemia, infertility and oxidative stress. ...
Background
Tinosopora cordifolia ( Willd) (TC) is commonly used in Ayurvedic medicine since long time for number of ailments and its preparations are also considered by food safety and standards authority of India as nutritional supplement. However the scientific evidence on its possible safety and efficacy in polycystic ovarian syndrome and associated complications was not studied in detail.
Objectives
The purpose of this investigation is to examine whether or not TC can have therapeutic effects on letrozole induced PCOS and related complications such as body weight, dyslipidaemia, glucose tolerance, hormonal regulation, insulin resistance and sensitivity, severity of PCOS and histopathological changes in ovary using mice animal model.
Design
Present study is a preclinical study involving laboratory animals.
Methods and analysis
After verifying the absence of PCOS, the animals began receiving Letrozole, which lasted for 21 days. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), triglycerides, cholesterol, and weight were recorded. The levels of hormones like oestrogen, progesterone, insulin, testosterone, luteinising hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), histopathology was carried out.
Ethics
The Institutional Animal Ethics Committee at DITU gave its clearance to the animal experimentation on July 10, 2021 (DITU/IAEC/21-22/07-06).
Discussion
The majority of cornified epithelial cells were seen in groups treated with TC extract during the estrous phase of the cycle. Mice exposed to TC retained normal body weight. FBG, 1- and 2-hour OGTT, triglyceride and cholesterol levels were all significantly improved by extracts. Estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, insulin, LH and FSH concentration were all corrected in TC-treated animals. The HOMA-IR, HOMA-Beta and QUICKI values were also corrected with TC extracts. The morphological and microscopic features of the ovary were also greatly enhanced. Based on these findings, we conclude that treating PCOS mice with TC extracts significantly ameliorates the disease and severity down to nil-to-moderate levels by reducing hyperinsulinemia, hyperandrogenism, dyslipidaemia, enhancing insulin sensitivity, correcting oestrogen, progesterone, LH and FSH levels via enhanced ovarian function. Further molecular and cellular level of study is recommended for further elaboration of mechanism of action.
Plain language summaries
• Tinospora cordifolia satva, oil and hydroalcoholic extract were studied in letrozole-induced PCOS in mice model • Anti PCOS efficacy of 3 preparations studied with respect to their mechanism of action in detail • For the first time proposing method of calculating severity of PCOS in animal model • Tinospora cordifolia oil preparation completely reversed PCOS effect of letrozole and made them normal • Histopathological and morphological studies support the biochemical claims
... They identified T. cordifolia as the root cause of the incidence, which possesses hepatoprotective properties, while T. crispa is hepatotoxic in nature. Adulteration of this latter species leads to liver ailments in patients (Payyappallimana et al. 2022). Our HPTLC data provides valuable insights to redefine species distinctions with the use of bio-chemical markers (Fig. 4). ...
The wide geographic distribution, ethno-botanical applications, species identification challenges, and morphological similarities among different species underscore the importance of qualitative analysis in safeguarding botanical purity and ensuring quality control. This study presents a comprehensive characterization of the main commercial plant part, namely the stem, of Tinospora cordifolia, Tinospora sinensis, and Tinospora crispa by considering their physico-chemical characteristics, macroscopic observations, and anatomical details. Through our investigations, we have identified crucial diagnostic features that can aid in distinguishing between different Tinospora species and detecting adulteration in dried raw materials. Notably, T. crispa exhibits more prominent warty protuberances on the stem compared to T. cordifolia and T. sinensis. Furthermore, the transverse section of all three species displays a multilayered cork with distinct radial files and layered cork development. While the heart-shaped leaves of T. cordifolia and T. crispa possess a smooth and pubescent texture respectively. The abaxial surface of T. sinensis leaves is densely coated with silky hairs. To assess the presence of specific bioactive compounds, namely tinosporaside and berberine, we employed high-performance thin-layer chromatography. Our findings reveal that tinosporaside exhibits a band at Rf 0.45 in T. sinensis and T. crispa, whereas all three species display a berberine presence spot with varying intensities at Rf 0.23. These biochemical markers serve as reliable identifiers for species differentiation. Thus, our study establishes a cost-effective approach for enhancing quality control and species identification in Tinospora species, ultimately reducing the occurrence of botanical adulteration.
