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The species Kalanchoe laciniata (L.) DC. and Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam) Pers. are native from Brazil and Madagascar, respectively. Both belonging to the Crassulaceae family and being widely used by population as a natural anti-inflammatory agent. These species have similar leaf morphology and for this reason, they are known by the same popular name...
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... Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam) Pers. species ( Fig. 2) is popularly known as "saião" and "coirama" throughout Brazil; "folha-de-pirarucu", in Pará State; "fortuna" and "roda-da-fortuna" in Minas Gerais; "zakham-hayat" in Asia and Africa; life-plant in Mexico; love-plant, canterburry, bells and cathedral bells in the United States of America and Europe ( Amaral et al., 2005;Joseph et al., ...
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... As a perennial, medicinal and edible herb, B. pinnatum is also referred to as miracle leaf [11] and is used around the world for medicinal purposes [12]. The plant is made up of bioactive compounds which include alkaloids, triterpenes, lipids, flavonoids, glycosides, bufadienolides, phenols, and also contains organic acids [13]. ...
Introduction: Bryophyllum pinnatum (B. pinnatum/BP), a medicinal plant known for its diverse pharmacological properties, has been traditionally used for treating various ailments. This study investigated its potential therapeutic effects against MSG-induced oxidative stress and neurotoxicity in Wistar rats, employing both in vivo and in-silico approaches. Methods: Forty-eight adult Wistar rats (n=48) were divided into six groups: control group, MSG group, and treatment groups receiving BP extract and B.pinnatum flavonoid-rich fractions. Biochemical markers such as LDH, MDA, CAT, GST, and AChE were assessed. Neurotransmitter levels of glutamate and GABA were also measured. Molecular docking and MM GBSA analyses were conducted using Maestro 12.8v to evaluate the binding affinities of 10 B.pinnatum compounds with Nrf2 protein, NMDA receptor, and acetylcholinesterase. ADMET profiling was performed using SwissADME and ADMETlab 3.0. Results: MSG increased LDH and MDA levels significantly, while decreasing CAT, GST, and AChE levels, indicating oxidative stress and neurotoxicity. Treatment with B.pinnatum extracts and fractions mitigated these effects, restoring antioxidant enzymes/neurotransmitter levels and reducing lipid peroxidation. In silico studies showed B.pinnatum compounds exhibiting substantial binding affinities for Nrf2, NMDA receptor and acetylcholinesterase, correlating with their neuroprotective effects observed in vivo. ADMET profiling confirmed the drug-like properties of these compounds. Conclusions: B. pinnatum methanolic extract and its flavonoid-rich fraction demonstrated significant antioxidant and neuroprotective effects against MSG-induced toxicity in Wistar rats. There was significant difference in the activity levels of the flavonoid fractions as compared to the crude extract in LDH and AChE, however, the difference was only relative in MDA, CAT and GST.
... For this plant, abnormalities in the animal's testicles have also been observed. As a result, it's seemed that B. pinnatum can be used safely in acute situations, but further research is required to determine its chronic toxicity [361]. ...
The Latin word lupus, meaning wolf, was in the medical literature prior to the 1200s to describe skin lesions that devour flesh, and the resources available to physicians to help people were limited. The present text reviews the ethnobotanical and pharmacological aspects of medicinal plants and purified molecules from natural sources with efficacy against lupus conditions. Among these molecules are artemisinin and its derivatives, antroquinonol, baicalin, curcumin, emodin, mangiferin, salvianolic acid A, triptolide, the total glycosides of paeony (TGP), and other supplements such as fatty acids and vitamins. In addition, medicinal plants, herbal remedies, mushrooms, and fungi that have been investigated for their effects on different lupus conditions through clinical trials, in vivo, in vitro, or in silico studies are reviewed. A special emphasis was placed on clinical trials, active phytochemicals, and their mechanisms of action. This review can be helpful for researchers in designing new goal-oriented studies. It can also help practitioners gain insight into recent updates on supplements that might help patients suffering from lupus conditions.
... For this plant, abnormalities in the animal's testicles have also been observed. As a result, it's seemed that B. pinnatum can be used safely in acute situations, but further research is required to determine its chronic toxicity [361]. ...
The Latin word lupus, meaning wolf, was in the medical literature prior to the 1200s to describe skin lesions that devour flesh, and the resources available to physicians to help people were limited. The present text reviews the ethnobotanical and pharmacological aspects of medicinal plants and purified molecules from natural sources with efficacy against lupus conditions. Among these molecules are artemisinin and its derivatives, antroquinonol, baicalin, curcumin, emodin, mangiferin, salvianolic acid A, triptolide, the total glycosides of paeony (TGP), and other supplements such as fatty acids and vitamins. In addition, medicinal plants, herbal remedies, mushrooms, and fungi that have been investigated for their effects on different lupus conditions through clinical trials, in vivo, in vitro, or in silico studies are reviewed. A special emphasis was placed on clinical trials, active phytochemicals, and their mechanisms of action. This review can be helpful for researchers in designing new goal-oriented studies. It can also help practitioners gain insight into recent updates on supplements that might help patients suffering from lupus conditions.
... B. pinnatum is commonly known as miracle plant or never die plant, and is found in Brazil, China, India, Africa, and other tropical countries (Fernandes et al., 2019). The plant is succulent, growing as high as 1.5m, with bell-like flowers and fleshy dark green leaves that are uniquely scalloped and trimmed, and usually four-angled (Elufioye et al., 2002). ...
Bryophyllum pinnatum, a medicinal plant commonly known as Never die plant or Miracle plant has been reported to possess many pharmacological activities. This study investigated the effects of B. pinnatum leaf extract on some serum biochemical parameters in diabetic rats. Fifteen (15) Wistar rats weighing about 150 g to 200 g were used for the study. They were randomly distributed into five (5) groups of three (3) animals each: normal control, diabetic control, standard control (treated with 100 mg/kg Metformin), and diabetic groups treated with 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight of the extract respectively. Diabetes was induced in the rats by administering Alloxan monohydrate (150 mg/kg) intraperitoneally. The oral administration of the extract lasted for seven (7) days. The result showed a significant (p<0.05) decrease in total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TAG), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and a significant (p<0.05) increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in the treated groups when compared to the diabetic control. There was a significant (p<0.05) decrease in total protein (TP) and creatinine concentrations, and a significant (p<0.05) increase in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and urea concentrations in the groups that received graded doses of the extract when compared to the diabetic control. In conclusion, this study revealed that B. pinnatum leaf extract possesses cardio-protective properties, and thus can reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases. However, the significant increase in ALT activity indicated its potential hepatotoxicity.
... Also, Bryophyllum pinnatum leaf juice is used to treat asthma, colds, palpitations, chickenpox, ear infections and to get rid of kidney stones. Additionally, Elufioye et al., (2022), Fernandes et al., (2019) and Yadav et al., (2021) highlighted that the plant Bryophyllum pinnatum is commonly used for its immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory properties, which help to fight inflammation, treat oedema, treat liver and vascular health, and act as a muscle relaxant. Hence, it is hypothesized that the benefits of Bryophyllum pinnatum plant may be associated with chemical compounds including alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids and triterpenoids; which may aid in the development of safe pharmaceuticals and this thus influenced the conduct of this current research. ...
Based on the existence of phytochemicals including alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, carotenoids, phenols and steroids that are highly effective antioxidants helpful in medicinal plants, they are useful in disease control and management. Thus, medicinal plants are used as natural remedies for treating conditions like cancer, diabetes, hypertension, and other cardiovascular diseases. However, the actual ways of involvement of these herbs and plants remain unclear, but the presence of certain mineral elements has also been connected to the pharmacological efficacy of medicinal plants in addition to their phytochemicals. Exploring the precise pathways of involvement of these herbs in the management and control of various diseases may be a useful direction in developing pharmacologically active phytomedicines. This study was designed to investigate the phytochemical contents, total phenolic contents, antioxidant potentials and concentrations of mineral elements including selenium (Se), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg) and chemical elements, “lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd)” in the ethanolic extracts of Annona muricata (Soursop fruits), Bryophyllum pinnatum (miracle leaf) and Syzygium aromaticum (cloves). The Total phenolic content was determined by the use of the Folin-Ciocalteu assay, whereas antioxidant analysis of the three extracts was conducted via the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Potential (FRAP) and 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay to determine their efficacy in preventing, controlling and managing health challenges. The elemental assessment was done by employing atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Every test was conducted in triplicates and results were analyzed. Our results showed that ethanolic extracts of Annona muricata (Soursop fruits), Bryophyllum pinnatum (miracle leaf) and Syzygium aromaticum (clove) exhibit outstanding antioxidant activities, showed the presence of dominant and helpful elements as well as phytochemicals in varying degrees. The extract of Syzygium aromaticum among the three tested extracts exhibits the highest phenolic content of 111.3 mg GAE/g, the highest DPPH scavenging efficiency of 81.3% and the highest Ferric ion reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) of 77.9%. These results suggest that the pharmacological efficacies of the selected herbs may be a function of the presence of notable elements, phytochemicals and antioxidant activities observed in their ethanolic extracts.
... Despite the application of HPTLC in the current study, it is noteworthy that no specific studies are addressing the use of HPTLC for species within these Kalanchoe species, with only conventional thin-layer chromatography (TLC) reports available for K. pinnata. The study by Fernandes et al. [25] using conventional TLC highlighted characteristic bands for flavonoids in this species, underscoring a literature gap in the use of HPTLC for comprehensive profiling of secondary metabolites in Kalanchoe species. This scenario presents a prime opportunity for future research aimed at more precisely elucidating the phytochemical landscapes of these medicinally significant plants, leveraging the detailed resolution and quantitative capabilities offered by HPTLC. ...
... Simple substituents, such as methyl, methoxyl, and non-dissociated hydroxyl groups, tend to induce only minor shifts in the absorption maxima. Typically, increased oxygenation within the chemical structure leads to a shift of bands towards longer wavelengths [25]. ...
... For K. crenata, K. marmorata, and K. pinnata, absorption bands between 246 nm and 353 nm confirmed the presence of flavonoids. Compared to literature data, a study on the ethanolic extract of K. pinnata described UV maximum absorbances between 251 and 365 nm as flavonoids derived from quercetin and kaempferol [25]. This study also reported a main peak and five other peaks at 340 nm, suggested to correspond to quercetin 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside, identified as the primary glycosylated flavonoid in K. pinnata. ...
The use of plants for medicinal purposes has a long history, however it is desirable a continuous evaluation seeking for complementary scientific evidences for their safe application. Species within the Kalanchoe genus are often referred to as "miracle leaf" due to their remarkable healing properties. Traditionally, these plants have been used to treat infections, inflammation, and cancer. Despite their widespread use, the identification of their active components remains incomplete. This study aimed to differentiate K. crenata (KC), K. marmorata (KM), and K. pinnata (KP) by conducting detailed histochemical and phytochemical analyses, and to assess their antioxidant capabilities. The investigation revealed significant differences between the species, highlighting the variability in phenolic (PC) and flavonoid contents (FC) and their distinct antioxidant effects. The KM demonstrated the greatest results (PC: 59.26 ± 1.53 mgEqGA/g; FC: 12.63 ± 0.91 mgEqCQ/g; DPPH• (IC50): 110.66 ug/ml; ABTS•+ (IC50): 26.81 ug/ml; ORAC: 9.65 ± 0.75 mmolTE) when compared to KC and KP. These findings underscore a new reference for research within the Kalanchoe genus.
... Here, we evaluate Bryophyllum pinnatum (BP), a perennial herb also known as Kalanchoe pinnata and by many common names, including Air Plant, Miracle Leaf, Leaf of Life, and Cathedral Bells [5,6]. It is a drought-tolerant, succulent member of the Crassulaceae family that thrives in rocky soil and warm climates [5,6]. ...
... Here, we evaluate Bryophyllum pinnatum (BP), a perennial herb also known as Kalanchoe pinnata and by many common names, including Air Plant, Miracle Leaf, Leaf of Life, and Cathedral Bells [5,6]. It is a drought-tolerant, succulent member of the Crassulaceae family that thrives in rocky soil and warm climates [5,6]. BP, like all species in the genus Bryophyllum, is originally from Madagascar but has spread throughout the world as a houseplant and ornamental garden plant. ...
Bryophyllum pinnatum (BP) is a medicinal plant used to treat many conditions when taken as a leaf juice, leaves in capsules, as an ethanolic extract, and as herbal tea. These preparations have been chemically analyzed except for decoctions derived from boiled green leaves. In preparation for a clinical trial to validate BP tea as a treatment for kidney stones, we used NMR and MS analyses to characterize the saturation kinetics of the release of metabolites. During boiling of the leaves, (a) the pH decreased to 4.8 within 14 min and then stabilized; (b) regarding organic acids, citric and malic acid were released with maximum release time (tmax) = 35 min; (c) for glycoflavonoids, quercetin 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (Q-3O-ArRh), myricetin 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (M-3O-ArRh), kappinatoside, myricitrin, and quercitrin were released with tmax = 5–10 min; and (d) the total phenolic content (TPC) and the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) reached a tmax at 55 min and 61 min, respectively. In summary, 24 g of leaves boiled in 250 mL of water for 61 min ensures a maximal release of key water-soluble metabolites, including organic acids and flavonoids. These metabolites are beneficial for treating kidney stones because they target oxidative stress and inflammation and inhibit stone formation.
... For this plant, abnormalities in the animal's testicles have also been observed. As a result, it's seemed that B. pinnatum can be used safely in acute situations, but further research is required to determine its chronic toxicity [361]. ...
... The herb yields an abundant supply of minerals including Na, Ca, P, Mg, Fe, K, and Zn along with vitamins like ascorbic acid, niacin, and thiamine (Yadav et al., 2016). The plant has hepatoprotective (Afzal et al., 2013), anti-diabetic (Ibitoye et al., 2018), anti-hypertensive (Bopda et al., 2014), anti-leishmanial (Muzitano et al., 2006), anti-ulcer (De Araujo et al., 2021, anti-microbial (Akinpelu, 2000), analgesic (Zurfluh et al., 2023), anti-helmintic (Fernandes et al., 2019), anti-oxidant (Bhandari et al., 2021, and anti-cancer properties (Hern andez-Caballero et al., 2022). Along with that the leaves are also used in immunomodulation, wound healing and promoting uterine contractility (Sharma, 2011). ...
Wound healing is a complex and intrinsic process that implicates various stages in skin tissue regeneration, may further improvise using secondary metabolites. During a screening of plants traditionally utilized for wound healing, especially by tribals, we encountered Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) Oken Plant. Further, we considered the leaf extract of Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) Oken in various solvents for In vivo characterization of wound healing. The leaf extracts were prepared in petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, and ethanol and further identified the phytochemicals via advanced analytical techniques. The solvent extracts in the ointment base (1 % and 2 % w/w) were prepared and tested against the acute and burn wound models along with control and positive control (Cipladine 1 %). The ethanolic extract had higher phytochemical constituents was tested against the rat model, was found that 2 % w/w ethanolic ointment base stimulated the wound healing area, hydroxyproline content, and wound index and simultaneously reduced the epithelization period compared to the control. The present study concluded that the Ethanolic extract of Bryophyllum pinna-tum leaves loaded ointment further promote the % of wound contraction rate, epithelization, and promotion of angiogenesis, exhibited the potential to be utilized to treat wounds.
... Scientific interest in B. pinnatum has spurred extensive research into its chemical composition and potential therapeutic applications in the realm of modern medicine [9][10][11]. The pharmacological properties and bioactive constituents of the plant have been subjects of rigorous investigation, seeking to unravel the intricate mechanisms that underlie its diverse medicinal attributes [9,11]. ...
... Scientific interest in B. pinnatum has spurred extensive research into its chemical composition and potential therapeutic applications in the realm of modern medicine [9][10][11]. The pharmacological properties and bioactive constituents of the plant have been subjects of rigorous investigation, seeking to unravel the intricate mechanisms that underlie its diverse medicinal attributes [9,11]. While its ethanolic leaf extract has demonstrated promising antibacterial properties, ongoing research endeavors seek to deepen our understanding of its effects on multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria. ...
Aim: The rise in drug resistance has underscored the necessity of exploring alternatives to conventional medications. Herbal remedies, which have gained societal acceptance, represent a significant avenue for such exploration. This study focuses on assessing the antibacterial activity of the ethanolic leaf extract of Bryophyllum pinnatum against some multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria. Methods: The ethanolic extract was prepared from fresh B. pinnatum leaves using standard laboratory procedures. Antibacterial activity was assessed through the agar well diffusion method against a selection of MDR bacteria, namely Escherichia coli, Proteus spp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, and Staphylococcus aureus. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined using the broth dilution method. Results: The ethanolic extract exhibited notable antibacterial activity, particularly against Proteus spp and S. typhi. At concentrations of 200 mg/ml, inhibition zones of 18 and 24 mm were observed, while at 100 mg/ml, zones of 11 and 20 mm were recorded, respectively. The MIC test revealed that the extract was active against S. typhi and Proteus sp at 200 mg/ml. The MBC test revealed that at 200 mg/ml, the extract was active against Proteus sp. Conclusion: B. pinnatum ethanolic leaf extract showed antibacterial activities against MDR E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and S aureus, thus, making it a potential drug development candidate for the treatment of ailments caused by these pathogens. Further research is recommended to delve into the specific antibacterial components and mechanisms of action for a more comprehensive understanding.
