Figure 8 - uploaded by Edna Rodríguez Sánchez
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Lauxanidae. A, sp. 1. Lonchaeidae. B, Neosilba sp. Stratiomyidae. C, Pecticus sackenii. Tachinidae. D, sp 1. Scale bar 1 mm.
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Besides recruitment and dispersal, fruits are key resources for the maintenance of insect communities. This study is focused on the insects inhabiting the fruits of 4 wild Lauraceae species. Although the trees of this family are important elements of tropical forests, their interaction with insects, especially in association with fruits, remains po...
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Context 1
... the 94 genera worldwide, 84 genera and 400 species occur in Neotropical region, and 57 genera and 200 species occur in Mexico, Central America, and Caribbean islands. However, it is possible that only a small part of this diversity is known (Brown et al., 2010; Fig. 8A). This is mostly a saprophagous family, although there are some pollinator species. ...
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... to corroborate it ( Miller, 1977). Individuals have been reported in bird nests, peaty soil, rotting straw, rotten wood, fallen leaves, decaying vegetation, decaying fruits of Citrus spp., galls of Viola spp. (Miller, 1977), and as pollinators of Lauraceae species such as Lindera erythrocarpa (Dupont & Kato, 1999 McAlpine, 1962 Neosilba ( Fig. 8B) is an American genus that comprises 40 described species; however, there are still many undescribed species ( Galeano-Olaya & Canal, 2012;Martins de Almeida et al., 2019). Around 21 species occur in the Neotropical region (Uchoa, 2012), and 10 species in Mexico and Central America ( ...
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... sackenii (Fig. 8C) is distributed in Canada, United States, and Mexico, with some reports in Nicaragua and Costa Rica (GBIF Secretariat, 2021). The literature about this species is very scarce, the reports include larvae found on ripening (Cordero-Jenkins et al., 1990), rotting, or fermenting fruits of several plant species (Woodley, 2009), other rotting ...
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... family Tachinidae is one of the most diverse within Diptera and comprises about 1,501 genera and 8,500 species. This family has a worldwide distribution, but the higher diversity of species and genera occurs in the Neotropical region (O'Hara, 2014; Fig. 8D). The group has had several taxonomic classification issues that have been reviewed and analyzed in detail by O' Hara ...
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Citations
... In addition to the genus Persea Mill., Heilipus species have been recorded in other genera of the family Lauraceae and in the genus Annona L. (Magnoliales, Annonaceae Juss.). Records in Lauraceae include seed and trunk borers detected in several countries throughout the Americas (Fawcett 1906;Costa-Lima 1956;Janzen 1987;Bravo and Zunino 1998;Gripenberg et al. 2019;Díaz-Grisales et al. 2021;Rodríguez-Sánchez et al. 2022), while records in Annona are known for only three trunk borers from Brazil (Ihering 1909;Costa-Lima 1956;Silva et al. 1968;Vanin and Bená 2015). The occurrence of Heilipus on Annona trunks was probably first documented by Ihering (1909) and subsequently by Costa-Lima (1956), Silva et al. (1968) and Vanin and Bená (2015), who reported the interaction of H. gibbus Vanin & Bená, H. lactarius Germar and H. velamen Boheman with five plant species of this genus. ...
... The available evidence indicates that the seed-boring habit of Heilipus is exclusive to the family Lauraceae (Vernalha 1953;Gripenberg et al. 2019;Downey et al. 2020;Díaz-Grisales et al. 2021;Pessotto et al. 2021;Rodríguez-Sánchez et al. 2022;Sanz-Veiga et al. 2024). Besides Persea, in South America, the genera Nectandra and Ocotea have been reported to host H. draco (Fabricius) (Fig. 1B), H. odoratus Vanin & Gaiger, H. parvulus Boheman and H. vividaensis Sanz-Veiga, Savaris & Leivas in Brazil (Vernalha 1953;Costa-Lima 1956;Hirano 2004;Vanin and Gaiger 2005;Carvalho et al. 2009;Pessotto et al. 2021;Sanz-Veiga et al. 2024) and the genus Aniba Aubl. ...
... ex Nees. in Costa Rica (Janzen 1987). In North America, natural occurrences of seed predators of the genus Heilipus have only been reported in Mexico, specifically in the genera Damburneya Raf. and Nectandra (Sánchez-Garduño 1995;Rodríguez-Sánchez et al. 2022). ...
Heilipus Germar, 1824 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Molytinae, Molytini, Hylobiina) is a largely understudied tropical lineage of weevils with 90 described species distributed from the southern United States to northern Argentina. Several of its species cause damage to avocado (Persea americana Mill.; Lauraceae Juss.) crops in the Americas. Apart from the species of economic importance, there is a paucity of information regarding the host plants of species of Heilipus. This study presents a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge on the habits and host plants of this group of weevils, based on a literature review and the examination of label data associated with entomological material in museums and scientific collections. The larval stages of 24 Heilipus species are borers of either seeds or trunks of 38 plant species belonging to 13 genera: 33 species (12 genera) from the family Lauraceae and five species (one genus) from the family Annonaceae Juss. Four new host plant records and the first identification of habits and host plants for H. albovenosus (Champion), H. empiricus (Pascoe), H. fassli (Voss) and H. mirus (Pascoe) are provided. The biology and host plants of the seed and trunk borers are discussed, as well as the oligophagous feeding behaviour exhibited by these two feeding guilds. Seed-boring Heilipus species constitute one of the primary groups of pre-dispersal seed predators of the family Lauraceae in the Americas. Furthermore, the high diversity of Heilipus and its host plants in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest suggests that this area may be a possible centre of origin for these weevils.
... ex Meisn.) Sachiko Nishida (Downey et al. 2020), and Damburneya salicifolia (Kunth) Trofimov & Rohwer (Rodríguez-Sánchez et al. 2022). Although H. draco has been recorded in association with many plant species, the identification of this species is still problematical, possibly due to the lack of detailed morphological studies and illustrations, and some of these associations may represent misidentifications. ...
... (Rodríguez-Sánchez et al. 2022), Mespilodaphne veraguensis in Costa Rica(Janzen 1987), Ocotea puberula,O. oblonga, O. cernua, Nectandra cissiflora, N. lineata, Beilschmiedia tovarensis and Aiouea montana in Panama(Gripenberg et al. 2019;Downey et al. 2020), O. porosa in Santa Catarina(Hirano 2004) and O. puberula in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil(Pessotto et al. 2021). ...
The genus Heilipus Germar (Curculionidae: Hylobiini) is an American weevil group with 89 described species, of which 28 species are known from Brazil. Here, we describe a new species of Heilipus from Brazil and redescribe H. draco (Fabricius, 1801). Heilipus vividaensis Sanz-Veiga, Savaris & Leivas, sp. nov. and H. draco are similar sympatric species, reared from fruits of Ocotea puberula (Rich.) Nees and Nectandra angustifolia (Schrad.) Nees & Mart. (Lauraceae) in south and southeast Brazil. External morphological and genitalia descriptions, illustrations, distribution records, notes on the host plant, and a barcode DNA sequence are provided for both species.
One of the limitations for the study of curculionids in Mexico is the lack of
taxonomic keys at different hierarchies; therefore, in the present work, a key is provided to separate species of Heilipus German present in the country; a genus that includes species associated with Lauraceae. H. albopictus (Champion 1902) and H. lauri (Boheman 1845) are considered economically important pests, since the immature stage bores and feeds inside the trunks or fruits of Persea americana Mill.
Two new species belonging to the braconid genus Bracon (Braconinae) are described from the tropical rainforest of Los Tuxtlas in the state of Veracruz, Mexico, B. laurae sp. nov. and B. rosamondae sp. nov. These species are morphologically similar and were reared from fruits of three Lauraceae species, Damburneya ambigens, D. salicifolia and Nectandra turbacensis. However, comparison of their DNA barcoding locus and a fragment of the nuclear ribosomal 28S gene confirmed their allospecificity. These two species share a number of morphological features with the two described Neotropical Bracon species that are known to be phytophagous (seed predators), B. phytophagus Quicke and B. zuleideae Perioto & Lara. We therefore propose a new species-group for the above four species, the B. phytophagus Quicke species-group, and suggest that the two newly described species also have a phytophagous feeding strategy.
