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This study investigates divorce trend in populated cities of Iran by relying on the inferential statistics. For this purpose, the mean divorce is descriptively and intuitively compared in five big cities including Tehran, Isfahan, Shiraz, Mashhad and Tabriz in the past ten years (2004-2013). This research is descriptive in terms of methodology. The...
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Citations
... In 2016, the divorce-to-marriage ratio reached its highest level at 25.3 divorces per 100 marriages (10). Between 2004 and 2013, the overall mean divorce rate increased in the five most populous cities of Iran: Tehran, Isfahan, Tabriz, Mashhad, and Shiraz (11). The age range of 30 to 34 years accounted for the biggest portion of this number (12). ...
Background: Divorce is one of the most damaging social issues. Since the divorce rates are increasing rapidly, the current study evaluated the effects of factors leading to divorce. Methods: In this qualitative study, by using two-stage sampling method (purposive and snowball) 4 couples on the verge of divorce visiting consulting center and 8 experts with experience in the field of family and divorce in Yazd city were selected. Semi-structured interviews were used for data collection. The contents of the interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using a content analysis method. Results: The experts who participated in this study included several marriage and divorce registrars, lawyers, and family counselors with over 10 years of experience in the field of family and divorce. The mean age of women on the verge of divorce was 33 ± 8.51 years and for men 37.2 ± 6.13 years. Fifty percent of the couples had a bachelor's degree and 62.5% of them were self-employed. Most of them had a marriage period of 5-10 years. A total of 23 codes were extracted from the interviews. The codes were organized into four main themes. Major topics included lack of preparation for marriage, psychological factors, unfavorable marital relationships, and social factors. Conclusion: The interference of families, extramarital relationships, early marriage and the lack of communication skills and media literacy are the most influential factors of divorce.
... In married life, marriage separation or divorce can be the most unpleasant event which hurts members of the family and have negative affect on their life [2]. Divorce is one of the most critical phenomena impacting individuals' lives as well as personal and social identity [3]. The rate of divorce in the Arab world has increased rapidly in recent years [4]. ...
This paper presents a study in which the divorce predictor scale (DPS), based on Gottman couples therapy, was used to predict divorce. The 54 items in the DPS were used as features or attributes in a machine learning model. In addition to the DPS, a personal information form was utilized to gather participants' personal data in order to conduct this study in a more structured and traditional manner. Out of 148 participants 116 participants were married whereas 32 were divorced. With the use of algorithms Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Naïve Byes (NB) and Random Forest (RF), the effectiveness of DPS was examined in this study. The correlation based feature selection method was used to identify the top 6 features from the same dataset and the highest accuracy rate was 96.61% with ANN. The results show that DPS can predict divorce. This scale can help family counselors and therapists in case formulation and intervention plan development process. Additionally, it may be argued that the Hail region, KSA sampling confirmed the Gottman couples treatment predictors.
... Iran is among the high-divorce countries and by 2011, Iran had reached a rate of divorce that was higher than the rate in other countries such as Spain, Italy, and Ireland (Aghajanian & Thompson, 2013). Tehran has had the highest prevalence of divorce during the last decades in Iran (Hezarjaribi, Entezari, & Niyyati, 2017). Although legally, divorce is a dissolution of marriage and ends spousal relationship of couples; they are still the parents of their children (Lamela & Figueiredo, 2016). ...
Introduction
Divorce is a stressful life event with rising prevalence around the world. Following a parental divorce, adolescents who live in a single-parent arrangement, experience more negative effects of divorce than those who benefit from a co-parenting arrangement. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of an after-divorce co-parenting intervention on parenting stress among Iranian adults.
Methods
This study was a randomized control trial with two groups (intervention and control groups) conducted in Tehran, Iran. Participants were recruited through the internet using volunteers and clients of the State Welfare Organization of Tehran. Sixty-two eligible parents were randomly allocated to intervention or control groups and were assessed at baseline and after the intervention. The intervention group received After Divorce Coparenting Intervention (ADCPI) and the control group received no services.
Results
Mothers comprised majority of the custodial parents who participated in the study (91.9%). The majority of participants were divorced in the years after 2014 (88.7%). The results of paired sample t-test revealed the average of parenting stress scores were changed significantly at baseline (M±SD = 111.87±27.81) and post-intervention (M±SD = 93.52±25.49) in intervention group.
Conclusion
The result suggests that ADCPI is an effective intervention in reducing parenting stress and could be included in after-divorce services in middle eastern countries.
... Sexual compatibility is a very important factor in forming sexual function in an intimate relationship. In fact, researchers have found that sexual compatibility has a significant relationship with sexual satisfaction (Birnbaum, 2018) and sexual desire (Hezarjaribi et al., 2017). In addition, it was found that it enhances the sustainability of a marriage (Nekoolaltak et al., 2019). ...
Sexual desire is considered as an integral part of an identity and characteristic of a human being, which affects the way to behave with spouse. This study aimed to study the effect of cognitive-behavioral counseling (CBT) on sexual compatibility of new married couples in Sanandaj City, in 2018. This research was a randomized clinical trial study and the participants were 80 new married couples who were randomly divided into the intervention and control groups and their information were recorded at the premarital counseling centers. The intervention group received 8 weekly 120-min sessions of group consultation with cognitive-behavioral approach. Data were collected using the National Sexual Compatibility Scale before the intervention, by passing 8 weeks from counseling, and by passing 2 months from the last counseling session. The obtained data were analyzed using chi-squared/ Fisher’s exact test inferential statistics and independent t-test or nonparametric Mann-Whitney test. The analysis of covariance was also used to control potential confounders. The mean values of sexual compatibility in the two intervention and control groups before counseling were 94.20 ± 3.30 and 93.41 ± 6.84, respectively. These scores reached 100.11 ± 2.96 in the intervention group and 98.83 ± 3.66 in the control group immediately after performing the intervention. In addition, 2 months after the end of counseling, this rate was 101.98 ± 4.03 in the intervention group and 98.83 ± 3.66 in the control group. The intra-group comparison to sexual compatibility scores calculated before and after counseling and 2 months after the intervention, showed a statistically significant difference (P < 0.001). Notably, the trend of the changes in the control group was not significant (P > 0.05). There was a significant difference between these two groups in level of scores by passing 2 months from the intervention (P < 0.001). CBT was effective on improving the level of sexual compatibility between new married couples’ partners. It is recommended to use this method of counseling along with other services provided at pre-marriage counseling centers, in order to continue and improve the quality of sex and vitality of couples. Trial Id: 34386 IRCT Id: IRCT20181006041254N1 Registration date: 2018-11-03, 1397/08/12.
... We focus on the concept of the actual reasons for the increase in divorce rates. Hezarjaribi et al. [2] found that the reasons underlying the rise in divorce cases in Saudi society include incompatibility between spouses, sharing a residence with the wife's family or the husband's family, and economic development and social transformation in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Anees [3] stated that a lack of religious awareness between spouses, their financial situation, and influence of modern technology are among the most important factors contributing to the increase in divorce cases in Iraqi society. ...
... Hezarjaribi et al. [2]l, Aqeel [4], and Alhayajneh and Wael Abujalban [5] studies are the most relevant to the aims of this study, given the actual reasons for the increase in divorce rates. Although, Gigy and Kelly [9], like Hezarjaribi et al. [2], say that lifestyle differences or boredom with marriage is the factor that leads to divorce. ...
... Hezarjaribi et al. [2]l, Aqeel [4], and Alhayajneh and Wael Abujalban [5] studies are the most relevant to the aims of this study, given the actual reasons for the increase in divorce rates. Although, Gigy and Kelly [9], like Hezarjaribi et al. [2], say that lifestyle differences or boredom with marriage is the factor that leads to divorce. From the work of Anees [3], Majali. ...
Background. Increasing divorce rates is a major problem in Saudi society. Divorce has become the primary solution for many couples who are experiencing problems in their relationships, and the language of divorce has become prevalent in both the daily register of Saudi courts on a daily basis and in fictional works. This trend has become a threat to marital life and is particularly damaging for children and young people. There has been previous research on the increase in divorce rates; however, no one addresses this important issue statistically. The specific research question is what are the actual reasons for the increase in divorce rates mentioned in previous studies? Objective. This study contains a statistical analysis of the underlying reasons for rising divorce rates in Saudi society. Methods. An online survey was conducted that gathered quantitative data from 800 participants. The responses of factual relevance were examined via edge plan analysis, regression analysis, and analyses with SPSS software to determine the causes for the rise in divorces in Saudi society. A predesign of edge consisting of six factors and twelve trials is selected. The design is examined in all the data for each row of it and according to the factor or reason chosen, provided that all design items are fulfilled; after that, it is analyzed in two ways. Results. Some examples are presented, so the findings indicated that differences on the couple’s characters and the length of time the wife spent doing housework and amount of attention to the husband are factors that contributed to divorce. Conclusion. The Saudi Arabian government needs to develop an operational plan to study these causes of divorce and take action. Future studies could analyze the data using supersaturated prototypes, where a large number of variables are studied in just a few simulation trials.
... Sexual compatibility is a very important factor in forming sexual function in an intimate relationship. In fact, researchers have found that sexual compatibility has a signi cant relationship with sexual satisfaction [5] and sexual desire [6], and enhances the sustainability of marriage [7]. Sexual compatibility indicates how the couple's beliefs, preferences, desires, and sexual needs are consonant with each other, and also indicates the degree of coordination at the start and stop of sexual action of each spouse emotionally, cognitively, and behaviorally [8]. ...
Objective: sexual desire is an integral part of an identity and character of a human being, that affect how to behave with spouse. This study aimed to study the effect of cognitive-behavioral counseling (CBT) on sexual compatibility of new married couples in Sanandaj City in 2018.
Method: This was a randomized clinical trial study and participants were 80 new married couples whose information was recorded at the premarital counseling centers that were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. Intervention group received 8 weekly 120-minute sessions of group consultation with cognitive-behavioral approach. Data were collected before the intervention, after 8 weeks of counseling, and two months after the last counseling session using the National Sexual Compatibility Scale. Data were analyzed using chi-square inferential statistics and independent t-test or nonparametric Mann-Whitney test. analysis of covariance was used to control of potential confounders.
Results: The mean values of sexual compatibility in two intervention and control groups before counseling were 94.20±3.30 and 93.41±6.84 respectively. These scores reached to 100.11±2.96 in the intervention group and 98.83±3.66 in the control group immediately after the intervention. Also two months after the end of counseling, this rate was 101.98±4.03 in the intervention group and 98.83±3.66 in the control group. The intra-group comparison of sexual adjustment scores before and after counseling and two months after the intervention, showed a statistically significant difference (P <0.001). The trend of changes in the control group was not significant (P >0.05). There was a significant difference between two groups in level of scores two months after the intervention (P <0.001).
Conclusion: CBT was effective in improving the level of sexual compatibility between new married couples. It is recommended to use this method of counseling, along with other services provided at pre-marriage counseling centers, to continue and improve the quality of sex and vitality of couples.
... Given lack of jobs in Iran, many fathers are forced to leave their cities and their families to seek jobs in other cities. Moreover, over the last decade, the rate of divorce in Iran has increased [46]; therefore, the absence of both parents can be an important factor in the context of Iran. ...
Background:
Evidence shows that the prevalence of risky sexual practice, drug abuse, and alcohol consumption behaviors in low and middle income countries such as Iran is not in a favorable condition. Preventive programs against these behaviors in Iran are very rare, and the results are unclear, which may be due to the lack of deeply and systematically understanding of the determinants of these behaviors. Evidence suggests that these behaviors are coincidence. So all of these behaviors were examined together. The present study was conducted aiming at determining the reasons for the occurrence of these behaviors among 15-19-year-old adolescents in Iran.
Methods:
The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines were followed to review published and unpublished studies in Iran. The databases used were Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. The query terms were "Synthetic Drug" OR "Designer Drug", AND Adolescents OR Teenagers OR Juvenile, AND Iran. The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist was employed for critical appraisal. The quantitative studies using the regression model to analyze the factors affecting these behaviors were studied as the form of the theme. For analyzing the data, narrative synthesis and thematic analysis were used.
Results:
Twelve studies were meticulously reviewed. The findings were classified into five main themes (including individual, family, friends, school, and community) and 26 sub-themes. The most frequent main theme and sub-themes were respectively Family, Higher age, Male gender, Weak religious beliefs, Low self-esteem, Anti-social behaviors in family, Mother's employment, Parenting style, Poor intimacy of parents, Absence of parents, Peer pressure, and Lack of appropriate recreation. No primary study has referred to the political, economic, or policy factors affecting such behaviors.
Conclusions:
The most identified sub-themes belong to family factors. Iran is a country with ideology of Islam; however, being Muslim does not guarantee adherence to all Islamic guidelines. So being Muslim is not a good reason to prevent these behaviors. Iran needs precise policy making in this area through considering family structure. It is also suggested that primary studies referring to the political, economic, or policy factors affecting such behaviors should be carried out.
Background: The rate of divorce among Iranian military personnel has increased in recent years. Objectives: To identify factors influencing divorce among the personnel of the Islamic Republic of Iran's Army from the perspectives of army psychologists and psychiatrists. Methods: This study was conducted using the Delphi method with psychologists and psychiatrists serving in the Islamic Republic of Iran's Army during 2023 - 2024. In the initial phase, a questionnaire was designed, and psychologists and psychiatrists were asked during qualitative interviews to freely list factors they believed contributed to divorce among army personnel. The responses were collected, and a consolidated list of factors was distributed again to the participants, who were encouraged to add any additional factors not included in the initial list. After compiling the responses, all factors were organized into a questionnaire, and participants were asked to rank these factors based on importance and priority. Results: A total of 37 psychologists and psychiatrists working in the four branches of the Islamic Republic of Iran's Army participated in the study (78.4% male, mean age 42.29 ± 5.65 years). During the qualitative interviews, 19 factors were identified as causes of divorce. The top three factors were economic challenges, frequent job transfers, and cultural changes. Conclusions: Based on the findings of this study, addressing economic challenges, improving the quality of life for personnel, reducing the frequency of job transfers, and enhancing welfare facilities should be prioritized in intervention programs aimed at reducing the divorce rate within the Islamic Republic of Iran's Army personnel.
Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy and treatment focused on compassion therapy on the resilience of women on the verge of divorce referred to social emergency centers in Tehran. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental applied study with a pretest-posttest design with a control group and quarterly follow-up. The method of purposeful and random sampling from the statistical population was all women on the verge of divorce referring to social emergency centers in Tehran in the spring and summer of 2021. 45 women were assigned to two groups of 15 experiments and 15 groups of controls. Compassion-focused therapy was based on Gilbert and Neff (2007) treatment protocol and cognitive-behavioral therapy session program based on Wildermott (2008) treatment protocol was performed in 8 sessions of 90 minutes. The group had no control therapy. The research instrument was Conner and Davidson (1983) Resilience Questionnaire. Data were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance and SPSS-26 software. Results: The results showed that cognitive-behavioral therapy and treatment focused on compassion therapy were effective in increasing resilience (F = 77.93, P = 0.0005) of women on the verge of divorce. Compassion-focused therapy is also more effective than cognitive-behavioral therapy. Conclusion: It can be concluded that both cognitive-behavioral therapy and treatment focused on compassion therapy were effective in increasing women's resilience on the verge of divorce and both approaches can be used to improve women's resilience on the verge of divorce.
The application of artificial intelligence (AI) in predictive analytics is growing in popularity. It has the power to offer groundbreaking solutions for a range of social problems and real world societal difficulties. It is helpful in addressing some of the social issues that today's world seems incapable of solving. One of the most significant phenomena affecting people's lives is divorce. The goal of this paper is to study the use of machine learning algorithms to determine the effectiveness of divorce predictor scale (DPS) and identify the reasons that usually lead to divorce in the scenario of Hail region, KSA. For this purpose, in this study, the DPS, based on Gottman couples therapy, was used to predict divorce by applying different machine learning algorithms. There were 54 items of the DPS used as features or attributes for data collection. In addition to the DPS, a personal information form was utilized to gather participants' personal data in order to conduct this study in a more structured and traditional manner. Out of 148 participants 116 participants were married whereas 32 were divorced. With the use of algorithms artificial neural network (ANN), naïve bayes (NB), and random forest (RF), the effectiveness of DPS was examined in this study. The correlation based feature selection method was used to identify the top six features from the same dataset and the highest accuracy rate was 91.66% with RF. The results show that DPS can predict divorce. This scale can help family counselors and therapists in case formulation and intervention plan development process.
