Krebs cycle. The importance of this process cannot be overempha- sized. Energy is vital in all life processes be it in complex or in simple systems. 

Contexts in source publication

Context 1

... is thus missing in GST and also in artificial intelligence theory. This is the entity without which coordinated self-organization simply cannot occur. It is axiomatic. For any system to survive, there must exist at least one supraintelligence to synchronize each of the ‘lesser’ intelligences that regulate the subdivisions of the whole. This obvi- ously emergent intelligence enforces the survival goal to all of its lower echelons, unless it becomes deranged. For this reason, it can be assumed that all systems posses an increasing scale of contributive intelligence, from nano to macro systems. In synthesis, without intelligence there can be no living system. Empirical proof of this is chaos as the obverse, flip side, of Intelligence; i.e. Total Chaos 1⁄4 À I ad infinitum . Before undertaking the concept of Synergetics, and multiple bidirectional potential, the terms tonics and adaptogens must be described. According to Mowrey (18) a tonic is defined as ‘any substance that balances the biochemical and physiolo- gical events that comprise body systems’. Whereas the term ‘adaptogen’ introduced by Lasarev in 1947 defines ‘a substance of plant origin that is able to increase a non-specific resistance of the organism to stress factors and thereby pro- mote its adaptation to stressful external conditions’ (19). But what is synergetics? Synergetics, is the result of information exchange and survival decisions within the living system. It is a complex manifestation of Intelligence. Without Intelligence there can be no synergy. One form of this synergy, known as bidirectional adaptation (18), is triggered by tonic and adaptogenic herbs. Bidirectional adaptation can only be explained in terms of Intelligence. The informational entity perceives, differentiates, selects and utilizes active principles necessary to achieve homeokinesis in a ‘far from equilibrium’ system from a massive number of ‘ceuticals’ present in herbs and nutrients. Thus, ‘ . . . natural products provide a veritable cornucopia of sources of new CAM approaches that will emerge as important for future applications . . . ’ (20) (Fig. 4). Panax ginseng is a clear example of multiple bidirectionality, whose Rg1 ginsenosides (protopanaxatriol) can stimulate angiogenesis, while its Rb1 ginsenosides (protopanaxadiol) stimulate the exact opposite (21). Also, Rg1 promotes mitosis while Rb1 inhibits it in stimulated human lymphocytes (22). Rg1 stimulates the nervous system, while Rb1 calms (soothes) it (23,18). Finally, ginseng has hypertensive and hypotensive properties (24,25). The former illustrates Panax ginseng ’s potential to induce multiple bidirectional phenomena, i.e. bi-directionality along different metabolic pathways. I have denominated this property ‘multiple-bidirectionality’. It is a phenomenon that resembles several pendulums oscillating harmoniously within the same system. The decision of whether to push or pull, the criteria for selecting directions, the pendu- lum’s ‘velocity’ and other choices are control functions of an intelligence, thus, decision making can only be attributed to system’s intelligence. Herein lies unveiled the ‘mystery’ of homeokinesis. Many other tonic herbs besides ginseng provide ‘infoceuti- cals’, ‘nutraceuticals’, ‘orgaceuticals’ and ‘energoceuticals’ necessary for Biological Intelligence, (BI), to achieve dynamic equilibrium. A very clear instance that, by and large, goes unnoticed is the ‘ceuticals’ plethora in a balanced diet. This produces immense therapeutic benefits without adverse effects. Such a diet is based on the synergy of ingested components, processed by the BI according to its needs. Mowrey (18) refers to this action as ‘specific hunger’. Thus BI, among other things, processes ‘ceuticals’, and then, computes indispensable solutions for homeokinesis. I would like to point out that the big difference between orthodox and systemic therapeutics is the former does not methodically support BI, while the latter systematically assists its healing mechanisms. A common ‘buzz’ word used today in many popular health magazines is ‘body energy’. But how many of those writers or their readers truly grasp the significance and complexity of this expression? An uncomplicated scientific explanation is provided by Antoshechkin (19) who states: ‘The source of energy in the body is oxidative reactions in cellular tissue. Energy supply determining viability and functioning. Energy generation is achieved by: glycolysis, conversion of glucose in lactic acid with ATP formation in cytoplasm; and more importantly, oxidative phosphorylation—ATP synthesis from ADP in mitochondria. ATP, universal energy accumulator and carrier inside cells, used in energy-dependent reactions, is contained in small amounts requiring continuous replenishment. All processes originate from the autonomic energy generation Krebs cycle in each cell. Intensity of energy meta-bolism is regulated by neuroendocrine integrating systems affected by stressors’ (Fig. 5). Failure in cellular energy metabolism is a common denominator in chronic degenerative diseases. This is where energy plants and energoceuticals (26) acquire importance. Adaptogens support BI in activating and synchronizing both neuroendocrine system and cellular energy metabolism, previously reduced by conditions of illness, physical–mental fatigue and aging. Scientific literature abounds with descriptions of specific biochemical mechanisms of adaptogenic action (19, 27–47). Moreover, failure of cellular energy metabolism influences the surge of numerous diseases such as Huntington’s (1); Alzheimer’s (2,3); as well as premature aging and age-related diseases in general (4–9) (Fig. 6). According to the Golden Rule of Therapeutics (12), at least one of the energy adaptogens listed in Table 1 should integrate chronic degenerative disease protocols. Each of the former, incidentally, are emblematic ‘National Herbs’ that exude a legendary halo of healing benefits, in keep- ing with the history and ethnic traditions of the regions where they originate. For instance, the Maral root ( Rhaponticum carthamoides ) from the Siberian Altai region is given to the elderly for revitalization. Traditionally, Maral root was used to treat hunters’ exhaustion in long expeditions. It is also a time favorite of the Russian Olympic team. This herb’s benefits were unveiled by Altai’s indigenous inhabitants while observing the local male deer’s behavior. During the mating season, the male unearths the root and feeds on it while contesting other males for preeminence over the females. The result of this eating habit is increased strength and spermatogenesis (19). The use of energy adaptogens in all systemic protocols con- verges with traditional Chinese medicine in its philosophic approach of including a suitable superior herb, as the spear- head, in each of its formulations, for diverse pathologies. In this sense, there is genuine coincidence between both therapeutic systems. To sum up, the basic purpose for including suitable energy adaptogens in all age-related diseases is to activate or improve deteriorated neuroendocrine and cellular energy metabolism. Table 2 lists the same energy adaptogens’ complementary benefits, through the supply of these plants’ negative entropy properties, which they provide to the living system’s organism. If one superior herb is good, more than one is better. If one synthetic is bad, more are worse. This is an empirical maxim. The reason being that beneficial effects add up just as negative actions do too. BI synchronizes activity and entry point of each natural ‘ceutical’ to achieve stasis, dynamic stability, through the necessary regulatory push–pull of the chemical cascade. Additionally, BI cannot adequately compute—recognize, metabolize and excrete—many lab manufactured synthetics since these are alien to the ontogenetic and phylogenetic evolution of the human species. BI co-evolved and interacted with many genera of the plant kingdom (73,74) and was able to adequately process most of its ‘ceuticals’ (Fig. 7). Thus the combination of TRUE tonics and adaptogens in one formula, if ingested in normal doses for a given pathology, will not generate side effects or negative reactions. The synergetic constituents induce a multiplicity of syntropic, i.e. bidirectional properties prohomeokinesis. True individual tonic and adaptogenic herbs do not induce side effects in therapeutic dosages, thus their combinations should not either. The empirical proof of this can be found in thousands of herbal formulations found in ancient kampo (75–77), traditional Chinese or ayurveda medicine. These are usually composed of at least 15 different phytomedicines. It can also be confirmed in man’s harmless but therapeutic (78) consumption of many mixed vegetables, herbs and fruits as part of a balanced nutrition. The empirical maxim can also be said to state that any mixture of innocuous herbs and/or food is harmless. Hard core pharmacologists find this hard to accept since they are trained to think in terms of after effect producing medicines. To them a medicine is not a medicine if it has no entropic side effects. This may well be true for some synthetics, even more so for their combinations, due to their corresponding negative effects. This is not so for true tonics or their combinations (18,79). The proof is food! Moreover, not only do we have an absence of side effects but also the synergetic activation of simultaneous regulatory mechanisms— multiple bidirectionality. Another striking example is the successful systemic herbal formulation—composed of 21 adaptogens and tonic plants— used in diabetic foot, diagnosed for amputation (12). It increases circulation, lowers hyperglycemia, regulates blood pressure, optimizes cardiac function, enhances immunity and energizes the patient, all in one. The maxim is true of most complex herbal formulations, designed to stimulate E, I and O in the living system. The ...

Context 2

... energy accumulator and carrier inside cells, used in energy-dependent reactions, is contained in small amounts requiring continuous replenishment. All processes originate from the autonomic energy generation Krebs cycle in each cell. Intensity of energy meta-bolism is regulated by neuroendocrine integrating sys- tems affected by stressors' (Fig. ...