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Kefersteinia costaricensis SCHLTR. A: habit; B: flower; C: dissected perianth; D: column and lip, lateral view; E: callus, frontal view; F: leaf; G: column, ventral view. Illustration voucher: Costa Rica. Heredia: Puerto Viejo de Sarapiquí, Finca La Selva, 25 March 1991, R.L. Dressler & D.E. Mora-Retana s.n. (USJ).
Source publication
A revision of the Costa Rican species pertaining to the genus Kefersteinia RCHB.F. is presented. Phylogenetic relationships of the genus are discussed. Ten species are accepted for Costa Rica and a key to the species is provided, together with references to the types and synonyms, a detailed description, etymology, general distribution and examined...
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Citations
... They have slender, mostly pendant inflorescences, and a flower with a basal, and generally bilobed, callus. The column often bears a laminar ventral plate and a central keel (Pupulin, 2001). ...
In this study, a new species of the genus Kefersteinia is described and illustrated. This species was discovered in the forests of the Tolima department of Colombia. Details about its distinctive morphology are provided, along with a comparison with the closest species in the same genus. Additionally, information regarding its distribution, habitat, and phenology is also furnished.
En este estudio, se describe y se ilustra una nueva especie del género kefersteinia, que se descubrió en los bosques del departamento del Tolima, Colombia. Se proporcionan detalles sobre su morfología distintiva y se establece una comparación con las especies más cercanas dentro del mismo género. Se proporciona información sobre su distribución, hábitat y fenología.
... For this evaluation, we extensively reviewed Rudolf Schlechter's publications (Schlechter 1906(Schlechter , 1907(Schlechter , 1910(Schlechter , 1911(Schlechter , 1912(Schlechter , 1918(Schlechter , 1919(Schlechter , 1921(Schlechter , 1923, and subsequent typification studies related to the destroyed Schlechter specimens at B (Barringer 1986;Pupulin 2010b;Pupulin et al. 2011Pupulin et al. , 2012Pupulin et al. , 2013Pupulin et al. , 2016Pupulin et al. , 2022. Furthermore, we consulted the most recent taxonomic treatment of Orchidaceae for Mesoamerica and taxonomic reviews of Dichaea (Pupulin 2001), along with the subtribes Maxillarinae, Oncidiinae, and Zygopetalinae (Atwood and Mora-Retana 1999;Pupulin 2010a). In addition to these literature sources, we conducted exhaustive searches in online databases, such as JSTOR Plants (https://plants.jstor.org) ...
... Notes: -No isotypes or paratypes or any other type material of this species are known to exist. Thus, Pupulin (2001) drawing of the holotype as the lectotype. According to Schlechter (1923), K. microcharis is distinguished by the subreniform, widely ovate lip with a rhombic callus and a semiterete column without lateral wings and a short abaxial keel. ...
Rudolf Schlechter (1872–1925) described several orchid taxa based on specimens collected in Costa Rica during the first half of the 20th century. Unfortunately, the type material kept at the Botanical Museum of Berlin-Dahlem (B) was destroyed in the bombing of Berlin, Germany, in 1943. To complete the typification of names proposed by Schlechter, based on orchid collections attributed to Guillermo Acosta in Costa Rica, we have compiled a list of 22 names. Previously, 11 lectotypifications and five neotypifications were proposed on this material. However, we found six names that lacked typification. Therefore, formal typifications are proposed for Acostaea pleurothalloides, Dichaea similis, Goodyera micrantha, Lepanthes acostae, L. pubilabia, and Stelis acostae. Additionally, we provide a biographical context to understand Acosta’s relationship with Schlechter and the historical background of these collections. Finally, we provide bibliographical references and illustrations for lectotypes and neotypes. This work is part of a series focused on the nomenclature and typification of orchid names proposed by Schlechter in Costa Rica, aimed at clarifying our understanding of his species concepts in the Neotropics. Further, the typification of the names based on the collections made by the brothers Alfred and Curt Brade is necessary to complete this series.
... The highest rate of endemism recorded could be related to geological events of volcanic arc and vicariance phenomena produced by the lifting of the Cordillera de Talamanca. Allopatric speciation in Lycaste bruncana Bogarín and L. tricolor Rchb.f. (Fig. 3) -among other examples also found in Brassia R.Br., Epidendrum, Kefersteinia Rchb.f., Oncidium, Pleurothallis and Stelis -indicate an important role of the altitudinal division produced by Talamanca and its climate barrier effect blocking the Caribbean tradewinds (Pupulin 2001, Bogarín 2007, Pupulin & Bogarín 2012). ...
Historically, the isthmus of Costa Rica and Panama has been a source of fascination for its strategic position linking North America to South America. In terms of biodiversity, the isthmus is considered one of the richest regions in the world. Orchidaceae is the most diverse plant family in the area, and the number of species is triple that of other well-represented angiosperm families such as Rubiaceae, Fabaceae and Poaceae. Though we are still far from knowing the exact number of orchid species occurring extant in both countries nowadays, at present the orchid flora reported for Costa Rica (1574 spp.) and Panama (1372 spp.) summarise together about 2010 species; which represents 6.5-8.0% of all orchid species on just about 1% of the Earth's land surface. Pleurothallidinae and Laeliinae are the most species rich groups and contain the largest genera: Lepanthes, Pleurothallis, Stelis and Epidendrum. These groups significantly outnumber the other genera recorded in terms of species richness. Some factors explaining this regional taxonomic diversity of orchids are the natural land bridge uniting three of the 25 recognized hotspots worldwide (Mesoamerica, Choco/Darien/Western Ecuador and tropical Andes), the climatic influence of the Pacific and Atlantic oceans, and the recent lifting of the Cordillera de Talamanca and the formation of foothills of Majé, Darien and San Blas in Panama and western Colombia. Although these factors can explain the high diversity in general terms, detailed information is needed to understand species diversification as well as the evolution of the floristic composition. Updated floristic inventories (yielding a rate of 25 new species/year) and the study of biological mechanisms that have led to the evolutionary diversification of Lepanthes (one of the major groups of orchids) are the main ongoing research projects to elucidate the evolution of Orchidaceae in Costa Rica and Panama. Towards this end, we present some preliminary results of the research conducted in this direction including the integration of phylogenetics, pollination ecology, taxonomy and biogeography. reSumen: Históricamente, el Istmo de Costa Rica y Panamá ha sido fuente de fascinación por su posición estratégica, uniendo América del Norte con América del Sur. En términos de biodiversidad, el Istmo es considerado una de las regiones más ricas del mundo. Orchidaceae es la familia de plantas más diversa en la zona, y el número de especies triplica a otras familias de angiospermas bien representadas como Rubiaceae, Fabaceae y Poaceae. Aunque todavía estamos lejos de conocer el número exacto de especies de orquídeas existentes en ambos países, en la actualidad la flora de orquídeas registradas para Costa Rica (1574 spp.) y Panamá (1372 spp.) suman en conjunto alrededor de 2010 especies; lo que representa 6,5-8,0% de todas las especies de orquídeas en apenas alrededor de 1% de la superficie terrestre del planeta. Pleurothallidinae y Laeliinae son los grupos más ricos en especies y contienen la mayor géneros: Lepanthes, Pleurothallis, Stelis y
... based on morphological observations (Pupulin, 2005). Two novelties appeared after the revision of Kefersteinia (Pupulin, 2001): Kefersteinia saccata Pupulin from the Caribbean lowlands (Pupulin and Merino, 2008;Fig. 6e, 9a), and a new record, the Panamanian K. alata, collected along Yorkín river on the Costa Rican side of the border with Panama (Pupulin, personal communication). ...
Abstract. Despite its well-established tradition in botanical exploration, which started in 1846 with the visit of Oersted (1846), Costa Rica is still far from having a complete inventory of its orchidaceous flora. After the publication of the most recent and complete treatment of the family by Dressler in 2003, new species and records have been added on a regular basis to the country's inventory. Showy, large-flowered species in previously monographed and botanically well-sampled genera such as Brassia, Dracula, Lycaste, Polycycnis, Stanhopea, and Trichopilia have been described, but the vast majority of species are small-flowered and belong to the subtribes Laeliinae, Pleurothallidinae, and Zygopetalinae. Identifying taxa with ephemeral flowers such as Sobralia is problematic, but a large living collection revealed many new species. Previously described species from other countries have regularly been recorded in Costa Rica. These new records have floristic affinities mainly with the floras of Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela. As an example, Acianthera aberrans, Epidendrum scharfii, Epidendrum stellidifforme, Lockhartia chocoensis, Maxillaria bolivarensis, Ornithidium pendulum, Ornithocephalus montealegrae, and Warmingia zamorana have been found in both Costa Rica and Ecuador. The genus Uleiorchis with the Venezuelan species Uleiorchis ulaei, identified in the MO herbarium by Ron Liesner, constitutes an interesting new record in Costa Rica. Maxillaria appendiculoides, first described from Costa Rica, has recently been reported from Ecuador. Campylocentrum tenellum, Lepanthes droseroides, Lepanthes mariposa, and Sobralia bouchei from Panama were also lately collected in Costa Rica. Although much floristic work remains to be completed and the country has significant areas that are poorly sampled, the establishment of large and documented collections of living plants at Lankester Botanical Garden, associated with an increasing access to critical documentation (types and literature), have been the keys to improving our understanding of orchid diversity in Costa Rica and its floristic relationships with other areas. Resumen. A pesar de su bien establecida tradición en exploración botánica, la cual comenzó en 1846 con la visita de Oersted (1846), Costa Rica está todavía lejos de tener un inventario completo de su flora de orquídeas. Después de la publicación del tratamiento más reciente y completo de la familia por Dressler (2003) nuevas especies y registros han sido añadidos regularmente al inventario del país. Especies llamativas, de flores grandes han sido descritas en géneros previamente monografiados y botánicamente bien muestreados, tales como: Brassia, Dracula, Lycaste, Polycycnis, Stanhopea, y Trichopilia, pero la gran mayoría de especies son plantas de flores pequeñas que pertenecen a las subtribus Laeliinae, Pleurothallidinae, y Zygopetalinae. Las flores efímeras, como Sobralia tienen problemas especiales con su identificación pero una colección viva, grande, revela muchas nuevas especies. Las especies previemente descritas de otros países han sido registradas en Costa Rica con regularidad. Estos nuevos registros tienen afinidades florísticas principalmente con la flora de Panamá, Colombia, Ecuador, y Venezuela. Por ejemplo, Acianthera aberrans, Epidendrum scharfii, Epidendrum stellidifforme, Lockhartia chocoensis, Maxillaria bolivarensis, Ornithidium pendulum, Ornithocephalus montealegrae, y Warmingia zamorana han sido encontradas tanto en Costa Rica como en Ecuador. El género Uleiorchis con la especie venezolana Uleiorchis liesneri, identificado en el herbario MO por Ron Liesner, constituye un nuevo registro interesante en Costa Rica. También, Maxillaria appendiculoides descrita de Costa Rica, ha sido registrada recientemente en Ecuador. Campylocentrum tenellum, Lepanthes droseroides, Lepanthes mariposa, y Sobralia bouchei de Panamá también fueron colectadas recientemente en Costa Rica. Aunque mucho trabajo florístico queda por ser completado y el país tiene áreas significativas que
... The genus presents its highest diversity along the Andes of Ecuador and Peru (with 20 and 16 species recorded, respectively), while species diversity rapidly diminishes toward the north, with a single species known from Guatemala and southern Mexico. In Central America, Kefersteinia is well represented in mountainous areas, with 10 species so far recorded in the small area of Costa Rica (Pupulin 2001). As actually circumscribed, Kefersteinia includes a large assemblage of species, often with different flower morphology, mostly characterized by the presence of one or more prominent teeth or a distinct infrastigmatic keel on the ventral surface of the column. ...
... The relative variability in flower shape renders the genus difficult to define in terms of single, morphological features. Among the characters useful to identify Kefersteinia are the usually small plants without pseudobulbs, the very slender, mostly pendent inflorescences, the basal and mostly bilobed callus, and the column provided with a ventral , laminar plate and a central keel, often extending to the rear into a tooth (Pupulin 2001). In the molecular analyses by Whitten & al. (2005) Kefersteinia forms a highly supported, monophyletic clade, which is sister group to Echinorhyncha Dressler and consecutively sister group to Euryblema Dressler and Benzingia Dodson ex Dodson. ...
... It belongs to a group of species characterized by the truly stipitate, cylindric-umbonate callus, and by the lateral lobes of the lip erect and flanking the column . However, the deeply saccate base of the lip, as well as the lip blade ending in a retrorse tooth, are unique features among species of Kefersteinia native to Central America (Pupulin 2001). Herb epiphytic, erect, caespitose, to about 10 cm tall. ...
Two new species of the genus Kefersteinia, K. saccata and K. medinae, are described and illustrated from Costa Rica and Ecuador, respectively. K. saccata has apparently no close relatives; among the species with truly cylindric-umbonate callus, it is compared with K. retanae and K. wercklei, from which it differs in the porrect petals, the saccate, ovate-subrhombic lip, shorter than the column, and the obreniform basal callus. K. medinae belongs to a group of species of mainly Central American distribution, ranging southward to Ecuador. It differs from its closest relative, K. costaricensis, by the lateral almost horizontal sepals, the immaculate sepals and petals, and the distinctly obovate, truncate lip, provided with a triangular apicule.
... (Pupulin 2001). These examples support the role of the Cordillera de Talamanca as a geographic isolation barrier, where these sister species have evolved separately. ...
... Although eminently Andean in distribution, Kefersteinia ranges through the Mesoamerican isthmus north to the states of Guerrero and Oaxaca in Mexico (Espejo Serna and López-Ferrari, 1997). As a result of increasing botanical exploration in Mesoamerica, new Kefersteinia species from the region were described in the last two decades (Dressler, 1983;Dressler and Mora-Retana, 1993;Gerlach, 1995;Pupulin, 2000). ...
... During the studies toward a revision of Kefersteinia in Costa Rica (Pupulin, 2001), the author had the opportunity to critically review living and pickled material of the genus from other countries in Mesoamerica. In view of the systematic revision of the Orchidaceae intended for the Flora Mesoamericana (Dressler and collaborators, in prep.), the present paper will describe three new species from the area and will extend to Central America the range of K. elegans Garay, previously thought to be endemic to the Andes of Colombia. ...
... & G. Gerlach, Kefersteinia angustifolia may be recognized by its very narrow, linear leaves, the proportionately small petals, the peculiar spatulate-flabellate lip, and the lacerate proximal margins of the plate below the stigma. Although leaf shape is usually not a reliable character for species identification in Kefersteinia, Pupulin (2001) noted that it allows field recognition of several species, and K. angustifolia has the narrowest leaves among Mesoamerican taxa. Garay, Orquideología 4: 80. 1969. ...
Three new species of Kefersteinia from Guatemala and Panama are described and illustrated. Kefersteinia alata is closely related to K. costaricensis but differs in the larger size of the plant, the narrow, ellip-tic sepals, the erect petals incurved along the column, the rounded apex of the lip, and the distinctly longer tooth under the column. Among the species of sect. Umbonatae, K. angustifolia may be recognized by its very narrow linear leaves, the proportionately small petals, and the peculiar spatulate-flabellate lip. Kefersteinia tinschertiana is a member of sect. Kefersteinia, differing from other species of the K. lactea group in the deeply bilobed apex of lip, the high laminar callus, and the peculiar ornamentation of the column. Kefersteinia elegans is first recorded and illustrated for the flora of Panama. A key is provided for the species of Kefersteinia in Mesoamerica.
Collecting localities of A.R. Endrés in Costa Rica with detailed itineraries of his travels
A new species of Kefersteinia (Orchidaceae, Zygopetalinae), K. carolorum, from the state of Tachira, Venezuela, is herein described, illustrated, and characterized based on morphological features. Kefersteinia carolorum is similar to K. lactea from Costa Rica, but it differs in the non-resupinate flowers and the longer callus. The labellum in the upper-most position that distinguishes this species is unique in the genus but has evolved independently in Zygopetalinae at least three times. Evolutionary, ecological, and functional implications of this character are explored. The conservation status of the new taxon is assessed as DD according to IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) criteria. We also provide a key to identify the genera of the Zygopetalinae with labellum in an upper-most position. In addition, we offer a key for the Kefersteinia species from Venezuela, a figure, and a map showing their geographical distributions.
