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Karstenula rhodostoma. A. Ascoma in longitudinal section; B. Ascomatal wall; C. Pseudoparaphyses; D. Ascus; E, F. Ascospores. All from UPS (F-141152) 425947. Scale bars: A = 50 μm; B–F = 10 μm.
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We here taxonomically revise the suborder Massarineae (Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes, Ascomycota). Sequences of SSU and LSU nrDNA and the translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene (tef1) are newly obtained from 106 Massarineae taxa that are phylogenetically analysed along with published sequences of 131 taxa in this suborder retrieved from GenBank...
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As part of a series of papers dealing with the diversity of anamorphic saprophytic fungi in cloud forest remnants from the Veracruz state, an account of 25 species are described and illustrated. All of them but Helminthosporium solani are new records for the Mexican mycobiota. The species Dictyochaeta tumidospora, Fusariella intermedia, Hyphodiscos...
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... Its species was traditionally arranged in the family Massarinaceae (Zhang et al. 2012, Hyde et al. 2013. Phylogenetic analyses showed that Periconia and its relatives form a strongly supported monophyletic clade and are segregated from the Massarinaceae (Tanaka et al. 2015). Tanaka et al. (2015) resurrected the family Periconiaceae (Nannizzi 1934) to accommodate Periconia and its relatives, although Periconiaceae has long been neglected in the modern fungal systematics. ...
... Phylogenetic analyses showed that Periconia and its relatives form a strongly supported monophyletic clade and are segregated from the Massarinaceae (Tanaka et al. 2015). Tanaka et al. (2015) resurrected the family Periconiaceae (Nannizzi 1934) to accommodate Periconia and its relatives, although Periconiaceae has long been neglected in the modern fungal systematics. There are four genera placed in Periconiaceae, including three monotypic genera viz. ...
... There are four genera placed in Periconiaceae, including three monotypic genera viz. Bambusistroma (Tanaka et al. 2015, Wijayawardene et al. 2022. ...
... Helminthosporium is distributed worldwide and is mainly saprophytic on leaves or branches in terrestrial or aquatic environments [15][16][17]24,63]. Silver scurf caused by H. solani has become an important economic disease since the 1990s [64][65][66][67]. ...
Pleosporales is a highly diverse (and the largest) order in Dothideomycetes, and it is widespread in decaying plants in various environments around the world. During a survey of fungal diversity in Sichuan Province, China, specimens of hyphomycetous and Thyridaria-like fungi were collected from dead branches of pine trees and cherry trees. These taxa were initially identified as members of Massarinaceae and Thyridariaceae through morphological examination. Phylogenetic analyses of the Thyridariaceae, combining ITS, SSU, LSU, RPB2, and TEF1 sequence data, indicated a distinct clade sister to Pseudothyridariella and Thyridariella, distinct from any genus in the family. Thus, a new genus, Vaginospora, is proposed to accommodate the type species Vaginospora sichuanensis, which is characterized by semi-immersed globose to oblong ascomata with an ostiolar neck, cylindrical to clavate asci with an ocular chamber, and hyaline to dark brown, fusiform, 3–5-transversely septate ascospores with an inconspicuous mucilaginous sheath. Based on the morphological comparisons and multi-locus phylogenetic analyses (ITS, SSU, LSU, RPB2, and TEF1) of the Massarinaceae, we have identified three collections belonging to the genus Helminthosporium, leading us to propose H. filamentosa sp. nov., H. pini sp. nov., and H. velutinum as a new host record. According to Phylogenetic analysis, H. pini formed an independent clade sister to H. austriacum and H. yunnanense, and H. filamentosa represents the closest sister clade to H. quercinum. Helminthosporium pini is distinct from H. austriacum by the shorter conidiophores and H. yunnanense by the longer and wider conidia. The H. filamentosa differs from H. quercinum in having longer conidiophores and smaller conidia. This study extends our understanding of diversity within Thyridariaceae and Helminthosporium. Our findings underscore the rich biodiversity and potential for discovering novel fungal taxa within these groups.
... Laburnicola nematophila, a member of the family Didymosphaeriaceae within the Massarineae, exhibits a fascinating parasitic interaction with nematode eggs. 12,41 This study identified L. nematophila as a novel producer of dactylfungins, potent antifungal agents that strongly inhibit the growth of A. f umigatus including azole-resistant strains. The hydroxylation pattern of the hydrophobic aliphatic side-chain significantly affected their activities. ...
A chemical investigation of Laburnicola nematophila, isolated from cysts of the plant parasitic nematode Heterodera f ilipjevi, affored three dactylfungin derivatives (1−3) and three tetralone congeners (4−6). Dactylfungin C (1), laburnicolin (4), and laburnicolenone (5) are previously undescribed natural products. Chemical structures of the isolated compounds were determined based on 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic analyses together with HR-ESI-MS spectrometry and comparison with data reported in the literature. The relative configurations of compounds 1, 2, and 4−6 were determined based on their ROESY data and analysis of their coupling constants (J values). The absolute configurations of 4−6 were determined through the comparison of their measured and calculated TDDFT-ECD spectra. Compounds 1−3 were active against azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus.
... It is characterized by the presence of α-conidia with spine and disc-shaped β-conidia. Based on the combined nucleotide sequences data sets of multiple loci (ITS, LSU, SSU, and tef1-α), Spegazzinia has been placed in Didymosphaeriaceae (Tanaka et al. 2015), which was supported by Thambugala et al. (2017). This genus has been reported as a decomposer isolated from the dead wood of Acacia auriculiformis (Tennakoon et al. 2022), Ochroma pyramidale (Tanaka et al. 2017), Radermachera sinica (Jayasiri et. ...
... Known distribution: Thailand (this study), India, Puerto Rico, West Indies, Australia, Ghana, Kenya, Malaysia, New Guinea, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Tanzania, Trinidad and Tobago, Uganda, Venezuela, and Zambia (Abeywickrama et al. 2023). Known host/substrate: Acacia auriculiformis, Ochroma pyramidale and Zea mays (Berkeley & Curtis1869;Tanaka et al. 2015); Decaying leaves of Ananas sp. (Abeywickrama et al. 2023). ...
... Based on the phylogenetic investigation, our other collection (MFLU23-0447) grouped within the S. tessarthra clade (Figure 2), confirming our isolate as this species. Spegazzinia tessarthra has been previously isolated from decaying balsawood from Japan (Tanaka et al. 2015). Even though S. tessarthra is isolated from different sources, it is one of the important decaying agents of plants in the tropical region (Cole et al. 1974;Tennakoon et al. 2022). ...
Pineapple is one of the major crops in northern Thailand. Like all the other plants, it has associated with it, a wide range of fungi, which may be saprobic, pathogenic, or endophytic. This study investigated fungi associated with pineapple in Chiang Rai Province, northern Thailand. Based on morphology and multilocus phylogeny of the ITS and LSU sequence data, Anthracocystis ananatum is described as a new species with its detailed asexual morph. Compared to other Anthracocystis species, A. ananatum has a distinctive morphotype that includes septate hyphae, conidigenous cells, and conidiophores. In addition, Spegazzinia tessarthra is reported for the first time as a new host and geographic record. The complete descriptions, photo-micrographs, and phylogenies of the new species Anthracocystis ananatum and a new host and geographic record S. tessarthra are provided and discussed.
... Currently, Dictyosporiaceae comprises 18 genera (Hongsanan et al. 2020;Tian et al. 2022;Wijayawardene et al. 2022). Tanaka et al. (2015) erected the genus Gregarithecium and Pseudocoleophoma within Dictyosporiaceae, with Gregarithecium curvisporum and Pseudocoleophoma calamagrostidis as the type species, respectively. Gregarithecium is characterized by immersed to erumpent, grouped ascomata with fissitunicate, cylindrical, short-stalked asci, broadly fusiform, hyaline ascospore with a median septum, surrounded by an entire sheath (Tanaka et al. 2015;Tennakoon et al. 2019;Lu et al. 2022). ...
... Tanaka et al. (2015) erected the genus Gregarithecium and Pseudocoleophoma within Dictyosporiaceae, with Gregarithecium curvisporum and Pseudocoleophoma calamagrostidis as the type species, respectively. Gregarithecium is characterized by immersed to erumpent, grouped ascomata with fissitunicate, cylindrical, short-stalked asci, broadly fusiform, hyaline ascospore with a median septum, surrounded by an entire sheath (Tanaka et al. 2015;Tennakoon et al. 2019;Lu et al. 2022). Pseudocoleophoma is characterized by ostiolar ascomata; brown and polygonal to rectangular cells of peridium; cylindrical to clavate and fissitunicate asci with numerous pseudoparaphyses; fusiform, and septate ascospores, with an apparent sheath (Tanaka et al. 2015;Lu et al. 2022). ...
... Gregarithecium is characterized by immersed to erumpent, grouped ascomata with fissitunicate, cylindrical, short-stalked asci, broadly fusiform, hyaline ascospore with a median septum, surrounded by an entire sheath (Tanaka et al. 2015;Tennakoon et al. 2019;Lu et al. 2022). Pseudocoleophoma is characterized by ostiolar ascomata; brown and polygonal to rectangular cells of peridium; cylindrical to clavate and fissitunicate asci with numerous pseudoparaphyses; fusiform, and septate ascospores, with an apparent sheath (Tanaka et al. 2015;Lu et al. 2022). The asexual morph of Pseudocoleophoma is pycnidial, which is characterized by subglobose conidiomata, doliiform and phialidic conidiogenous cells, and cylindrical or oblong, hyaline, aseptate, smooth-walled conidia . ...
Two novel species within the family Dictyosporiaceae are described and illustrated from terrestrial habitats on dead culms of bamboo and an unidentified plant, respectively. Through morphological comparisons and the multi-locus phylogenetic analyses of combined LSU, ITS, SSU, and tef1-α sequence dataset, two species, Gregarithecium bambusicola, Pseudocoleophoma paraphysoidea are identified. Phylogenetically, both species clustered into a monophyletic clade with strong bootstrap support. Gregarithecium bambusicolasp. nov. can be distinguished from other species within the genus based on its almost straight ascospores. Pseudocoleophoma paraphysoideasp. nov. differs from other species in its conidiogenous cells intermixed with paraphyses, longer conidiogenous cells and larger conidia. The identification of this lineage contributes to our understanding of the classification of Dictyosporiaceae.
... Initially, based on morphological characters with basauxic conidiogenesis, Spegazzinia was accommodated in Apiosporaceae, Sordariomycetes (Hyde et al. 1998). However, Tanaka et al. (2015) transferred Spegazzinia to Didymosphaeriaceae (Dothideomycetes) based on molecular data. Morphologically, species of Spegazzinia have a distinctive conidiophore ontogeny, as well as two types of conidia: α conidia are composed of 4-8 subglobose, dark cells with long spines, while β conidia are generally subspherical or broadly ellipsoid, flattened in one plane, cruciately septate or muriform, pale brown and smooth-walled (Samarakoon et al. 2020). ...
Zhujiangyuan Nature Reserve, located in Qujing City, Yunnan Province, China, is reported with high fauna and floral diversity, while the fungal diversity of the region is poorly documented. During the summer season in 2023, decaying wood-inhabiting microfungi were collected from different microhabitats. The novel species were identified based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses (based on combined datasets of ITS, LSU, SSU, tef1-α, and rpb2 regions). Two species belong to Dothideomycetes (viz., Spegazzinia zhujiangyuanensissp. nov. and Phaeoseptum zhujiangyuanensesp. nov. in Pleosporales) while the other one resides in Sordariomycetes (Synnemasporella faniisp. nov. in Diaporthales). The results are in conformity with the earlier studies that predicted higher fungal diversity in this region.
... Based on ITS, LSU, SSU and tef1-α sequence comparison with the GenBank database, similar species in Dictyosporiaceae were found. The sequences of 37 relevant species according to the blasting result and recent publications (Tanaka and Harada 2003;Chen et al. 2014;Tanaka et al. 2015;Boonmee et al. 2016;Liu et al. 2017;Yang et al. 2018a;Chen et al. 2020) were chosen for phylogenetic analyses (Table 1) and were downloaded from GenBank. Four gene regions (ITS, LSU, SSU and tef1-α) were individually aligned using the online service of MAFFT v. 7 (Madeira et al. 2019) and concatenated using PhyloSuite v. 1.2.2 . ...
The rotting wood in freshwater is a unique eco-environment favoring various fungi. During our investigation of freshwater fungi on decaying wood, three hyphomycetes were collected from Jiangxi and Guangxi Provinces, China. Based on the morphological observations and phylogenetic analysis of a combined DNA data containing ITS, LSU, SSU and tef1-α sequences, two new Trichobotrys species, T. meilingensis and T. yunjushanensis, as well as a new record of T. effusa, were introduced. Additionally, a comprehensive description of the genus with both morphological and molecular data was first provided.
... The Didymosphaeriaceae represents a well-supported clade within the Massarineae (Tanaka et al. 2015;Yuan et al. 2020). Ariyawansa et al. (2014) synonymized Montagnulaceae under Didymosphaeriaceae, accommodating 39 genera including our new genus Agrorhizomycota (Wijayawardene et al. 2014(Wijayawardene et al. , 2022Liu et al. 2022Tanaka et al. 2015Wanasinghe et al. 2016;Yuan et al. 2020, Ren et al. 2022). ...
... The Didymosphaeriaceae represents a well-supported clade within the Massarineae (Tanaka et al. 2015;Yuan et al. 2020). Ariyawansa et al. (2014) synonymized Montagnulaceae under Didymosphaeriaceae, accommodating 39 genera including our new genus Agrorhizomycota (Wijayawardene et al. 2014(Wijayawardene et al. , 2022Liu et al. 2022Tanaka et al. 2015Wanasinghe et al. 2016;Yuan et al. 2020, Ren et al. 2022). More than two third of the genera in the family were introduced based on their sexual morphs. ...
... Micromorphology supports its classification, in the Apiosporaceae (Sordariomycetes) (Samarakoon et al. 2020a). Based on a multi-locus phylogeny using sequences of S. deightonii and S. tessarthra, Tanaka et al. (2015) placed Spegazzinia in Didymosphaeriaceae (Dothideomycetes). ...
In this study, we investigated two distinct new phylogenetic lineages of root-colonizing dark septate endophytic fungi colonizing wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) roots from a long-term agricultural experimental site in Hungary. According to four-locus (internal transcribed spacer, partial large and small subunit regions of nuclear ribosomal DNA, and partial translation elongation factor 1-alpha) phylogenetic analyses, the isolates belong to the Lentitheciaceae and Didymosphaeriaceae of the Pleosporales ( Dothideomycetes ). We studied the morphology and culture characteristics of the strains. We carried out in vitro resynthesis pot experiments with their original hosts and found no overall negative effect of the inoculation with different isolates of the new taxa. One of the lineages belonged to the genus Poaceascoma ( Lentitheciaceae ) and represented a novel species described here as Poaceascoma zborayi . We could describe conidia-like structures from this species. Isolates of the other lineage represented a monotypic novel genus in the Didymosphaeriaceae . Accordingly, the new genus, Agrorhizomyces , represented by the species A. patris , is introduced. Sterile, globose structures resembling immature sporocarps were detected. Sequence similarity searches indicated that P. zborayi might be widely distributed, while no sequence similar to A. patris was found outside the sampling area.
... The effects of endophytic fungi on the morphological parameters of cucumber are shown in Fig. 4. Most of the growth parameters evaluated in cucumber improved by both when compared with those of the experimental control, with As reported in the literature (Elis 1971;Tanaka et al. 2015;Hongsanan et al. 2020), most Periconia species are mainly known from their asexual morphs, characterized by conidiophores that are macronematous, mononematous, branched or unbranched, and pale to dark brown. Conidiogenous cells are discrete on the terminal or intercalary of the stipe and are monoblastic to polyblastic (Markovskaja and Kačergius 2014;Chuaseeharonnachai et al. 2016;Su et al. 2023). ...
... Particularly, the order Pleosporales, which represents the largest order of Dothideomycetes (Zhang et al. 2012), comprises species commonly identified as dark septate endophytes (DSE) of Class 4 endophytes as defined by Rodriguez et al. (2009). P. macrospinosa belongs to the Periconiaceae (Pleosporales, Pleosporomycetidae) (Tanaka et al. 2015) and is one of the most common DSE species (Grünig et al. 2011;Mandyam 2008Mandyam , 2010Fors et al. 2020). Several factors contribute to the prevalence and success of ascomycetes as endophytes in different plant-microbe interactions. ...
Cucurbits are subject to a variety of stresses that limit their sustainable production, despite their important role in ensuring food security and nutrition. Plant stress tolerance can be enhanced through fungal endophytes. In this study, two endophytes isolated from wild plant roots, were tested to determine their effect on the growth promotion of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plants. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the designated isolates were Aspergillus elegans and Periconia macrospinosa. The results of the Plant Growth Promoting Fungal (PGPF) tests showed that both Aspergillus elegans and Periconia macrospinosa have a zinc solubilizing capacity, especially A. elegans, with a solubilization index higher than 80%. Also, both have a high salt tolerance (10–15% NaCl for P. macrospinosa and A. elegans, respectively), cellulolytic activity, and inhibition indices of 40–64.53%. A. elegans and P. macrospinosa had antagonistic effects against the cucumber phytopathogenic fungi Verticillium dahliae and Fusarium oxysporum, respectively. However, A. elegans and P. macrospinosa didn’t exhibit certain potential plant benefits, such as the production of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and phosphate solubilization. The chlorophyll content and growth parameters of two-month-old cucumber plants inoculated with the fungal species were significantly better than those of the controls (non-inoculated); the shoot dry weights of inoculated plants were increased by 138% and 170% for A. elegans and P. macrospinosa, respectively; and the root colonization by fungal endophytes has also been demonstrated. In addition to the fact that P. macrospinosa has long been known as PGPF, this is the first time that the ability of A. elegans to modulate host plant growth has been demonstrated, with the potential to be used as a biofertilizer in sustainable agriculture.
... Newly generated sequences were subjected to BLASTn searches at NCBI (https://blast.ncbi. nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi) to recognize highly similar sequences in the related literature (Brahmanage et al. 2020, Tanaka et al. 2015) ( Table 2). Related sequences and newly generated data were aligned in MAFFT 6.864b online tool with the FFT-NS-i method (Katoh et al. 2019). ...
... Our isolate is characterized by having globose pycnidial conidiomata, thick peridial wall composed of textura angularis and textura prismatica cell types, conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells with percurrent proliferation from the inner layer of the pycnidial wall. Conidiogenesis cells are doliiform, terminal, and holoblastic producing hyaline, cylindrical to ellipsoidal, straight or slightly curved and guttulate conidia (Li et al. 2016, Quaedvlieg et al. 2013, Tanaka et al. 2015. The conidiomata diameter of S. samroiyotensis is larger (170-250 μm) than S. uniseptata (150 μm), and S. samroiyotensis has a higher L/ W ratio for the conidia (S. samroiyotensis = 8.25, S. uniseptata = 3.67). ...
... Most Stagonospora isolates are reported from Cyperaceae, Poaceae, and Typhaceae plants (Quaedvlieg et al. 2013, Thambugala et al. 2017. Species of this genus have been recorded from different latitudes in both northern and southern hemispheres (Tanaka et al. 2015), as well as in tropical countries such as Thailand and temperate countries including Italy (Quaedvlieg et al. 2013). Stagonospora species have been recorded in a diverse range of grass lands to wetlands habitats (Brahmanage et al. 2020, Calabon et al. 2021, Quaedvlieg et al. 2013, Li et al. 2016, Thambugala et al. 2017. ...
Stagonospora is an asexual morph genus that is classified under Massarinaceae in Dothideomycetes. Stagonospora species have been recorded in both tropical and temperate regions. Several species have been reported as saprobic or opportunistic pathogenic lifestyles on grasses and grass-like plants. In this study, Stagonospora was collected from a Typha species in Sam Roi Yot wetland in central Thailand. Morphological examination was coupled with multi-loci phylogenetic analyses using maximum likelihood and Bayesian interference of a data set containing large subunit ribosomal rDNA (LSU rDNA), internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions, small subunit ribosomal rDNA (SSU rDNA), and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1-α) sequences. Our new taxon is distinguishable from other Stagonospora species by having hyaline, one-septate conidia that taper toward the base. This discovery holds significant value in comprehending the fungal diversity within Thailand's wetlands and the specific fungal communities linked to Typha plants.
