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Jalapyphantes epigyna, ventral views. A, J. cuernavaca. B, J. minoratus. C, J. obscurus. D, J. puebla. E, J. tricolor. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.
Source publication
We have revised the linyphiid genera Jalapyphantes and Selenyphantes. Jalapyphantes now includes five species, one of them new (J. tricolor sp. nov.). Selenyphantes now consists of six species of which five are new (S. costaricensis sp. nov., S. gaimani sp. nov., S. iztactepetl sp. nov., S. orizabae sp. nov. and S. volcanicus sp. nov.). To infer th...
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The spider taxa included by James Barbut in his work ‘The genera insectorum of Linnæus exemplified in various specimens of English insects drawn from nature’ from 1781 are discussed alongside some other early works of spider literature. Barbut discusses and depicts three previously described species, Araneus diadematus Clerck, 1757, Tegenaria domes...
Citations
This is the second in a series of accounts providing descriptions of all the spider species found on the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas). Here, seven species of non-erigonine Linyphiidae are reported from the Falkland Islands. Six species are recorded from the islands for the first time, four are new species: Falklandoglenes hadassa sp. nov., Falklandoglenes iasonum sp. nov., Falklandoglenes weddelli sp. nov., and Stictonanus lafonia sp. nov. Falklandoglenes is an endemic genus and Stictonanus lafonia is known only from the Falkland Islands. The introduced species Tenuiphantes tenuis (Blackwall, 1852) and Lepthyphantes leprosus (Ohlert, 1865) are recorded from the islands for the first time. Two erigonine species, Erigone palustris Millidge, 1991 and Sphecozone rubescens O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1871 are recorded from the islands for the first time; both are introductions. The taxonomic position of the endemic Falkland Island species is discussed. Falklandoglenes is considered to be close to a characteristically southern Neotropical group of species. The position of Stictonanus remains ambiguous. The relationships of both genera within the Linyphiidae remains unclear. The conservation status of the new species is discussed, with Falklandoglenes spinosa noted as of great concern because it is known from only one small island and has not be refound since its discovery in 1980.
The Mounded Posterior Median Eyes (MPME) clade is a group of linyphiid spiders characterized by having posterior median eyes (PME) on a mound. The species diversity of this lineage, especially in the Neotropical region, is still largely unknown. In this study, we tackled one of the MPME groups, the genus Diplothyron Millidge, 1991. We have studied numerous specimens from both museums and freshly collected specimens to monograph Diplothyron. We also compiled both morphological and behavioral data from Diplothyron and representatives of higher-level lineages within Linyphiidae and several potential MPME groups to infer the phylogenetic relationships. We redescribed the type species, Diplothyron fuscus Millidge, 1991 and described the previously unknown male, and six new species: Diplothyron ballesterosi sp. nov., D. dianae sp. nov., D. monteverde sp. nov., D. nubilosus sp. nov., D. sandrae sp. nov. and D. solitarius sp. nov. We also transferred the following species from Linyphia to Diplothyron based on the study of the type material: D. chiapasia (Gertsch & Davies, 1946) comb. nov., D. linguatulus (F.O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1902) comb. nov., D. nigritus (F.O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1902) comb. nov., D. simplicatus (F.O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1902) comb. nov. and D. trifalcatus (F.O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1902) comb. nov. Diplothyron species are mainly found in the cloud forests of Central and South America, with the distribution stretching from the Colombian Andes to the Mexican Sierra Madre across the Central American mountain chains. We also provide a detailed morphological comparison between Diplothyron and closely related genera in the MPME clade, focusing on the genital morphology, including identification keys to both the MPME genera and species of Diplothyron. Our cladistic analyses recovered Diplothyron as a monophyletic group placed within the MPME clade. A newly circumscribed lineage now includes the genera Diplothyron, Dubiaranea Mello-Leitão, 1943; Linyphia Latreille, 1804; Lomaita Bryant, 1948; Microlinyphia Gerhardt, 1928; Neriene Blackwall, 1833; Notiohyphantes Millidge, 1985; Novafrontina Millidge, 1991 and Pityohyphantes Simon, 1929.
Aim: Spiders are the most common and abundant predators in terrestrial ecosystems. Regularly summarizing the new taxa of the Araneae will help disseminate recent achievements in the field of spider diversity. The aim of this paper is to provide a global tally of new spider taxa published in 2021.
Progresses: A total of 975 new taxa (including species in amber) were described in 2021, including 47 new genera and 928 new species. They belong to 81 families, with type localities spanning across 81 countries. The new taxa were reported by 304 arachnologists in 254 papers, published in the 64 journals. China is the country where the most new species have been discovered, accounting for 28.7% of the worldwide. The most productive arachnologist is Shuqiang Li from China, who has discovered the most new taxa (21.8%) of the worldwide. Digital images have become the most predominant means of illustration, with 95.2% of publications using photomicroscopy images. New species published with both sexes described (60.3%) outnumbered those described based on specimens described from either a holotype male or female. The contribution of Chinese arachnologists took up a lion’s share of the new taxa of spiders described in 2021 in the world. Altogether, they described a total of 330 new taxa, comprising 13 new genera and 317 new species belonging to 39 families, from 15 countries, including China, Myanmar, etc. These new taxa described by Chinese arachnologists made up 33.8% of the 2021 global aggregate, an improvement over the Chinese output during the 2016–2020 period, which averaged at 28.1% within that time frame.
