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Interfacial solar driven air water harvesting system a, b schematic of system designs; c schematic of adsorption process and d optical image of developed system. Reproduced with permission from Qi et al. (2019)
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Air water-harvesting systems are considered important technologies for overcoming the global water scarcity issue. Various relative humidity and cost considerations make sorbent-based air water-harvesting systems the most desirable technologies among current air water-harvesting systems. The limited availability of commercial instruments for air–wa...
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Rain water harvesting (RWH) is an excellent technique of water conservation for future needs and also to recharge groundwater. Due to the alarming population burden, climate change, uneven distribution of rainfall and abrupt variation of meteorological parameters, the surface and ground water resources are continuously depleting in India. Hence ado...
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Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been heavily researched due to their porous and crystalline nature. Because of this, MOFs are enticing materials for fields as diverse as gas separation and purification, water harvesting, and heterogeneous catalysis. Within most potential applications, it is critical for the material to remain unchanged when op...
Access to safely managed drinking water (SMDW) remains a global challenge, and affects 2.2 billion people1,2. Solar-driven atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) devices with continuous cycling may accelerate progress by enabling decentralized extraction of water from air3–6, but low specific yields (SY) and low daytime relative humidity (RH) have rais...
Citations
... Sistem ini merupakan suatu metode konservasi air tanah melalui penampungan dan pemanfaatan air hujan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan sanitasi (Bagheri, 2018). Penerapan sistem ini di terminal bandara sangat efektif untuk mengatasi permasalahan air bersih dan meningkatkan efisiensi terhadap pengelolaan air di bandara (Asim et al., 2021). Melihat desain Gambar 6 dan 7, peneliti mendesain dengan menganalisis berbagai kebermanfaatan sistem yang akan diterapkan di bandara yang menerapkan eco-friendly airport. ...
Increasing awareness of the importance of environmental conservation has encouraged the development of eco-design concepts in various fields, including air transportation infrastructure. The main focus of this research is to propose an eco-friendly terminal building design for airports using the Eco Airport Design approach. The research will involve case studies of specific airports to investigate the potential and challenges of applying eco-design principles in airport terminals. The research methods used will include observation, environmental data analysis, and the study of related literature. This research aims to develop design guidelines and recommendations that promote energy efficiency, waste reduction, use of eco-friendly materials, layouts that utilize natural air and light, and improve the environmental quality around the airport. The results of this research are expected to significantly contribute to environmental protection efforts in the context of air transportation infrastructure, particularly airport design for tertiary categories or those serving up to one million passengers per year.
... advantages such as a wide working humidity range, low energy consumption, utilization of solar energy for operation, minimal equipment investment, and operational simplicity. Atmospheric water harvesting (AWH), employing adsorption separation as its core mechanism, represents a highly promising water harvesting technology [8][9][10]. The effectiveness of this process is primarily determined by the choice of adsorbent. ...
Atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) is considered a promising strategy for sustainable freshwater production in landlocked and arid regions. Hygroscopic salt-based composite sorbents have attracted widespread attention for their water harvesting performance, but suffer from aggregation and leakage issues due to the salting-out effect. In this study, we synthesized a PML hydrogel composite by incorporating zwitterionic hydrogel (PDMAPS) and MIL-101(Cr) as a host for LiCl. The PML hydrogel was characterized using various techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The swelling properties and water vapor adsorption-desorption properties of the PML hydrogel were also assessed. The results demonstrate that the MIL-101(Cr) was uniformly embedded into PDMAP hydrogel, and the PML hydrogel exhibits a swelling ratio of 2.29 due to the salting-in behavior. The PML hydrogel exhibited exceptional water vapor sorption capacity of 0.614 g/g at 298 K, RH = 40% and 1.827 g/g at 298 K, RH = 90%. It reached 80% of its saturated adsorption capacity within 117 and 149 min at 298 K, RH = 30% and 90%, respectively. Additionally, the PML hydrogel showed excellent reversibility in terms of water vapor adsorption after ten consecutive cycles of adsorption-desorption. The remarkable adsorption capacity, favorable adsorption-desorption rate, and regeneration stability make the PML hydrogel a potential candidate for AWH. This polymer-MOF synergistic strategy for immobilization of LiCl in this work offers new insights into designing advanced materials for AWH.
... For most situations, the captured water in solid adsorbents is released in gaseous form, where huge energy is demanded to overcome the desorption energy and the latent heat for water phase change. 107,108 In these situations, one feasible way to enhance the vapor-releasing is the hydrophobic modification of the solid adsorbents, which can weaken the water affinity of adsorbents and decrease the temperature and energy requirement for desorption. However, such preference will sacrifice the adsorbent's vapor capture ability, which requires the adsorbents to be more hydrophilic. ...
... This is perhaps because of the ability of such materials to capture water molecules from the air into their structures and desorb them at low-grade thermal energy. Various hygroscopic salts and organic sorbents with or without host materials have been investigated for AD [212,213]. ...
... Peltier cooling effect, Conventional vapor compression, and desiccant systems are types of water generation (Salehi et al., 2020). Desiccant systems are the best choice in desert and arid areas as they are capable of consistently achieving low relative humidity values regardless of ambient weather conditions and they require less energy than it does in other areas (Asim et al., 2021). Selecting the proper system for AWG has a great influence on the extracted water and the energy needed for that. ...
... Selecting the proper system for AWG has a great influence on the extracted water and the energy needed for that. In his review paper (Asim et al., 2021), an attempt was performed to the progress of sorbent materials, condensation, and sorption design in sorbent-based air-water harvesting systems and further considerations for improving their performance. ...
... The desiccant should be able to absorb large amounts of water vapor at specific pressures, as outlined in the ASHRAE Book of Fundamentals (ASHRAE, 1997). Researchers have studied and reported on the properties of desiccants (Asim et al., 2021;Ge et al., 2023;Kode et al., 2022). According to the study of (Lowenstein, 1998), the most important factors to consider when selecting a desiccant include its thermal, physical, and chemical properties. ...
... The properties of the desiccant, including equilibrium and dynamics of water adsorption, and particularly their matching to the climatic conditions of the specific region, the temperature grade of the driving heat source, and system components configuration are key factors affecting the performance of AWHA LaPotin et al. 2019;Asim et al. 2021). Nowadays, a huge number of various sorbents have been developed; thus, the Handbook of porous solids published in 2002 (Schüth et al. 2002) contains five volumes. ...
Due to the rapidly growing population, industry, and agriculture, the potable water shortage is becoming one of the global challenges of our time. Simultaneously, the atmosphere contains 12,900 km3 of moisture available everywhere, regardless of geographical location and climatic conditions. In this context, the technology of Adsorptive Water Harvesting from the atmosphere (AWHA) is considered a promising method for decentralized water supply for domestic and sanitarian purposes in arid regions. The AWHA is based on the reversible sorption of water vapor on a desiccant and heat-powered desorption of the stored water with its subsequent condensation. The sorbent is a key element of AWHA, and its properties strongly affect the system’s performance. New opportunities for AWHA might open up with the development of novel adsorbents with advanced properties. In this chapter, first, the principle and basic technical solutions of AWHA are described and the properties of the sorbent required are outlined. Then the new classes of advanced sorbents suggested for AWHA are reviewed with a special focus on Metal–Organic Frameworks and the composite sorbents based on a hygroscopic salt embedded inside a matrix, the properties of which can be tuned according to the climatic conditions of a specific region, where the process is realized. Finally, the advantages and challenges of these adsorbents are discussed and some prospects on the adsorbents promising for continuously operating and scalable AWHA systems are provided.
... The adsorption material is the core of the adsorption and desorption water uptake system, which needs to have many characteristics. At the same time, the system structure affects whether the performance of the adsorption material can be exerted [61][62][63][64][65]. A good water uptake system based on adsorption and desorption should meet the requirements that the adsorbent has good water stability, high water absorption rate, fast adsorption and desorption, low desorption heat, low desorption temperature, small specific heat capacity, good regeneration stability, low cost, good heat transfer performance of the heat collection bed, and coordinated desorption and condensation. ...
... Most improvements based on adsorption materials only focus on improving the water absorption rate, but the heat and mass transfer performance of the adsorbent are equally important. They affect the speed of adsorption and desorption and thus affect the performance of the system [61,62,64,65]. The fast adsorption and desorption mean that the water uptake system can complete more adsorption and desorption cycles in a day to achieve higher water uptake. ...
... The addition of heat storage in the system can store excess heat, respond to solar radiation changes, and extend the desorption time [66]. Good regeneration stability of adsorbent is also the premise of the application of adsorption and desorption atmospheric water harvesting technology [61,65]. The adsorption and desorption of water harvesting require a large number of adsorbents, and the low-cost adsorbent is the guarantee for the economy of the technology in practical application. ...
An applicable, high-volume, and sustainable water uptake technology can alleviate freshwater shortages, improve the energy utilization rate and promote the development of energy technology. Traditional seawater desalination, fog water, and dew collection are limited by the geographical environment, and the water resource transportation cost is high, or the water uptake volume is limited, so they cannot be used on a large scale. There are potential safety problems with wastewater reuse and recycled water. Atmospheric water harvesting technology uses energy for direct condensation or uses adsorbent to absorb water, which is characterized by strong sustainability, high applicability, decentralization, and stable water uptake. This study summarizes the working principle of mainstream atmospheric water harvesting technologies, mainly including condensation, absorption, and desorption water harvesting, and some active dew and fog collection technologies. It also theoretically analyzes the energy consumption of condensation and adsorption and desorption water harvesting technologies. Aiming at the problems of difficult condensing for direct condensation and long adsorption/desorption cycle of adsorption and desorption water harvesting, it summarizes the countermeasures of multi-stage condensation and multi-cycle adsorption and desorption. The development prospect of atmospheric water harvesting technologies is also discussed.
... Eslami et al. [18] compared water condensates as a function of the air flow rate and current for water harvesting from humid air using TEC coolers. Asim et al. [19] presented and discussed progress in the fields of sorbent materials and condensation with a focus on system design and future considerations to accelerate commercialization. Kode et al. [20] performed a technoeconomic analysis of atmospheric water generated by hybrid nanofluids. ...
An atmospheric water harvester with a thermoelectric cooler (TEC) can extract water vapour from air. This study tested a prototype atmospheric water harvester with a TEC and evaluated the condensation flow parameters affecting the amount of water produced using experimental and numerical methods. This experiment was performed under controlled conditions (a temperature of 313 K and relative humidity of 85%) in a climate chamber for 8 h and under actual weather conditions in Kuwait for 8 h. The humid air condensed when the cooling surface temperature was less than the dew point temperature, and the produced water was collected. The experimental findings indicated that the dew point temperature increased with increasing relative humidity and the cooling surface temperature increased with increasing atmospheric air temperature. The numerical analysis involved modelling and simulation (for 8 h, similar to the experiment) under the boundary conditions of inlet air temperature, relative humidity, cooling surface temperature, and inlet air velocity. The temperature decreased from the inlet to the outlet because of condensation. A comparison of the results showed that the calculated amount of produced water was close to the experimental value. The results of this study will help enhance the efficiency of producing clean and safe drinking water.
... Current technologies for atmospheric water harvesting can be categorized into (1) direct harvesting via condensation, e.g., fog and dew water collection, (2) vapor concentration via membrane or desiccant, e.g., membrane separation and sorbent sorption, and (3) byproduct collection via integrated systems. Unfortunately, few of the existing technologies have been commercialized, mainly due to the challenges related to their costeffectiveness, scalability, and/or stability [13]. For example, in passive radiative condensers, although the theoretical maximum dew yield through dew water collection is 0.8 kg/m 2 /day according to the radiative cooling ability available for condensation, the actual maximum yields recorded in arid and semi-arid areas were in the range of 0.3-0.6 kg/m 2 /day [14]. ...
... Current technologies for atmospheric water harvesting can be categorized into 1) direct harvesting via condensation, e.g., fog and dew water collection, 2) vapor concentration via membrane or desiccant, e.g., membrane separation and sorbent sorption, and 3) byproduct collection via integrated systems. Unfortunately, few of the existing technologies have been commercialized, mainly due to the challenges related to their cost-effectiveness, scalability, and/or stability [13]. For example, in passive radiative condensers, although the theoretical maximum dew yield through dew water collection is 0.8 kg/m 2 /day according to the radiative cooling ability available for condensation, the actual maximum yields recorded in arid and semi-arid areas were in the range of 0.3-0.6 kg/m 2 /day [14]. ...
Despite the shrinkage of water availability worldwide, the water demand has been climbing due to the rapidly increasing human population and the impacts of numerous hydroclimatic factors. To feed the growing population and meet with the exigent need for freshwater, new water sources must be identified and utilized. In recent years, biopolymer-based hydrogels have been explored as a sustainable and inexpensive solution to capture moisture from humid air for water supply. This review summarizes recent advances in the preparation of atmospheric water harvesting hydrogels that are synthesized based on cellulose, chitosan, and/or other biopolymers, as well as their agricultural applications. The properties and performance of different biopolymer-based hydrogels are discussed and compared. Since agriculture accounts for more than 70% of the water consumption, developing a cost-effective hydrogel-based atmospheric water harvesting/supply system could be a promising solution for relieving the elevating water stress in arid and semi-arid regions.
... The concepts of high adsorption capacity sorbents, heat control, vapor condensation, and water collection were also investigated. Another review paper by Asim et al. [19] discussed the progress in sorbent materials, condensation, and system design, considering functionalization and composites when modifying the sorbent materials. It is crucial to research sorbents' stability and life cycle, water absorption, adsorption kinetics, heat and mass transport, regeneration conditions, water-collecting surface design, and system design. ...
Nowadays, harvesting water from the atmosphere is becoming a new alternative for generating fresh water. To the author’s best knowledge, no mathematical model has been established to describe the process of harvesting water from the atmosphere using porous materials. This research seeks to develop a new mathematical model for water moisture absorption in porous materials to simulate and assess harvesting atmospheric water. The mathematical model consists of a set of governing partial differential equations, including mass conservation equation, momentum equation, associated parameterizations, and initial/boundary conditions. Moreover, the model represents a two-phase fluid flow that contains phase-change gas–liquid physics. A dataset has been collected from the literature containing five porous materials that have been experimentally used in water generation from the air. The five porous materials include copper chloride, copper sulfate, magnesium sulfate, manganese oxides, and crystallites of lithium bromide. A group of empirical models to relate the relative humidity and water content have been suggested and combined with the governing to close the mathematical system. The mathematical model has been solved numerically for different times, thicknesses, and other critical parameters. A comparison with experimental findings was made to demonstrate the validity of the simulation model. The results show that the proposed mathematical model precisely predicts the water content during the absorption process. In addition, the simulation results show that; during the absorption process, when the depth is smaller, the water content reaches a higher saturation point quickly and at a lower time, i.e., quick process. Finally, the highest average error of the harvesting atmospheric water model is around 1.9% compared to experimental data observed in manganese oxides.
