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Interaction of language switching condition and habitual language switching on originality scores, controlling for fluency scores (Model B). 95% confidence intervals are represented by gray lines.
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In the present study we experimentally manipulated language switching among bilinguals who indicated to be more or less habitual language switchers in daily life. Our aim was to investigate the impact of forced language switching on originality of produced ideas during divergent thinking, conditional on the level of habitual language switching. A s...
Citations
... How these people communicate their health needs and how they comprehend messages from healthcare professionals remain an area that has received scant interest from researchers and policymakers. In Ghana, it has been reported that because some indigenous dialects are similar, some form of 'forced language' [23] is maintained within health facilities, but with ' dire implications, including miscommunication, misinterpretation and misunderstanding during social interactions, that can have negative impact on the quality of communication between healthcare professionals and patients at the health facilities' [24]. Thus, both patients and healthcare professionals try to make meanings from the language spoken by either party. ...
Background: The study explores the language barriers between two language minority populations and healthcare professionals in the Volta Region of Ghana. Methods: An interpretive description with a qualitative approach to data collection and analysis was used. This study was carried out in the Tafi-Atome and Avatime-Vane communities, the Hohoe Municipal Hospital and the Margaret Marquart Catholic Hospital in the Kpando Municipality. In all, 46 respondents comprising 19 purposively sampled community members (patients) from the two selected communities and 27 conveniently sampled healthcare professionals from the two health facilities were interviewed. The face-to-face in-depth interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and thematically analysed. Results: The study revealed a barrier in language use between healthcare professionals and patients from the two language minority communities. While healthcare professionals
preferred to use English, Akan and Ewe, the patients, on the other hand, preferred their native languages, which are Sideme and Tegbor. The services of unqualified interpreters were utilised by both healthcare professionals and patients. Study participants were aware of these challenges, which prevented the patients from receiving optimum healthcare services, and the healthcare workers from delivering client-centred healthcare services. Conclusions: The presence of communication challenges emanating from language barriers between healthcare professionals and patients should be considered as a key hindrance to the attainment of the Sustainable Development Goal Three (SDG3), which aims to promote health and well-being at all ages. Therefore, stakeholders in the healthcare delivery system
in Ghana need to prioritize stronger communication and translation practices and policies.
... Studies have shown that bilingual individuals, in particular, have scored higher than monolinguals in a number of creative tasks (for review, see Kharkhurin, 2018), although it is unclear whether such advantage relates to language ability per se or domain-general cognitive traits relating to inhibitory control (Bialystok, 2009;Bialystok et al., 2012a). Nevertheless, studies of creative output in bilinguals' two languages are rare Storme et al., 2017;Van Dijk et al., 2019), which is surprising given today's worldwide prevalence of bilingualism. Although some studies have looked at differences in creative cognition between languages and cultures in between-subject designs (Van Dijk et al., 2019), to our knowledge only one behavioural study to date has directly compared creative output in the two languages of the same bilingual individuals, that is using a within-subject design . ...
... A recent large-scale electrophysiological study found that bilinguals who frequently engaged in language switching and used both languages regularly showed improved control of interfering stimuli in a flanker task (Carter et al., 2022). In another study that experimentally manipulated language switching in AUT, bilinguals who reported switching languages regularly in everyday communication came up with more original ideas when instructed to switch languages during idea generation rather than generate ideas in only one of their respective languages (Storme et al., 2017; see also Kharkhurin & Wei, 2014). Together, these findings contribute to the view that regular bilingual language use may enhance EC and, consequently, positively correlate with divergent thinking and creative cognition. ...
... Similar results are observed in studies among bilingual participants that use language as a proxy for culture. Participants' behavior, specifically their divergent thinking potential, varies as a function of the language "activated" during a divergent thinking task (Storme et al., 2017). These results may indicate that activating certain cultural concepts may elicit certain behavioral tendencies that may perhaps go beyond an individual's organizational or personal culture. ...
... Storme, Çelik, Camargo, Forthmann, Holling, & Lubart, 2017). These CFA models were fit using maximum likelihood estimation in Mplus version 8.0(Muthén & Muthén, 2019). ...
Within creativity research, interest and capability in utilizing text-mining models to quantify the Originality of participant responses to Divergent Thinking tasks has risen sharply over the last decade, with many extant studies fruitfully using such methods to uncover substantive patterns among creativity-relevant constructs. However, no systematic psychometric investigation of the reliability and validity of human-rated Originality scores, and scores from various freely available text-mining systems, exists in the literature. Here we conduct such an investigation with the Alternate Uses Task. We demonstrate that, despite their inherent subjectivity, human-rated Originality scores displayed the highest reliability at both the composite and latent factor levels. However, the text-mining system GloVe 840B was highly capable of approximating human-rated scores both in its measurement properties and its correlations to various creativity-related criteria including ideational Fluency, Elaboration, Openness, Intellect, and self-reported Creative Activities. We conclude that, in conjunction with other salient indicators of creative potential, text-mining models (and especially the GloVe 840B system) are capable of supporting reliable and valid inferences about Divergent Thinking.
An open access system for producing the Originality scores that were psychometrically examined in this paper is available for free at our website: https://openscoring.du.edu/.
Please use for your research and let us know if you encounter any bugs!
... Traditionally, researchers have examined the number of ideas people come up with (fluency) and how unusual or novel the ideas are (originality). Typically, flu-ency and originality are positively related (e.g., Dumas & Dunbar, 2014;Silvia, Beaty, & Nusbaum, 2013;Storme et al., 2017), but viewed as separable constructs. ...
... But we can also examine these indices in concert by identifying patterns of performance and who tends to display each pattern. Since fluency and originality are typically positively related (e.g., Dumas & Dunbar, 2014;Silvia et al., 2013;Storme et al., 2017), using different techniques, such as latent profile analysis, can identify patterns that may otherwise be obscured (e.g., respondents in Study 2, Profile 4, who showed high levels of originality but low levels fluency). Using personoriented analyses allows us to investigate this heterogeneity directly rather than assuming a universal, one-size-fits-all relationship between originality and fluency. ...
Researchers often use divergent thinking tasks to assess creative potential and find a positive inter-individual relation between fluency and originality. But are there different within-person patterns of originality and fluency? Study 1: undergraduates completed an alternate uses task and the NEO-FFI. Three profiles emerged: (1) low originality and fluency; (2) above average originality, moderate fluency; and (3) average originality, high fluency. Study 2: high school students completed a divergent thinking task and 10 facets of the IPIP NEO-PI. Four profiles emerged: (1) average originality, moderate fluency; (2) above average originality, high fluency; (3) low originality and fluency; and (4) high originality, low fluency. Profile differences in personality and maximum originality, and implications of these findings are discussed.
The chapter considers how language sparks discovery and innovation by examining creativity and problem-solving through the unique vantage point of multilingualism. The chapter begins with an overview of how creativity and problem-solving are operationalized and measured, followed by a review of how multilingualism impacts the ability to innovate and solve problems. The relationship between multilingualism and creativity is modulated by proficiency and age of second language acquisition. Similarly, performance on problem-solving tasks depends on which language multilinguals use and on their proficiency level in each language. The final section discusses multilingualism, creativity, and problem-solving in real-world settings, as well as potential future directions, concluding with the suggestion that knowing multiple languages can lead to more creative outcomes and better problem-solving skills.
This study inquired into whether linguistic constituencies have an impact on learner language proficiency. An appropriate approach that was used encompasses qualitative research methods as they permit extracting valuable information from small samples. Underpinning this qualitative inquiry is Participatory Action Research (PAR) with its added advantage of being considered to have an underlying characteristic of engaging with community members in action. The researchers and study participants collaborated to determine the investigated problem, in this case being learner linguistic constituencies in parallel or divergent to language proficiency. Data was gathered from five purposefully nominated English language teachers from one rurally located institution of higher learning in one of the Eastern Cape Education Districts. Semi-structured interviews generated rich thematically analysed data as they contained open-ended types of items. It was divulged by the study that (i) language policy implementation and (ii) teacher training and professional development were the major findings that resulted in experienced challenges with regard to depreciating language proficiency where learners emanated from diversified cultural backgrounds. This paper recommends and concludes that a review of language policies is a dire exercise for consideration, as being a language-proficient learner is tantamount to academic success. Keywords: Proficiency, Linguistic, Constituencies, Diversity.
