Fig 4 - uploaded by Takahito Kobayashi
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Inocybe oblectabilis. A Pleurocystidia (TAKK 99.7.10.2). B Spores (TAKK 99.7.10.2). C Cheilocystidia, paracystidia, and basidium (TAKK 99.7.10.2). D Basidia (TAKK 99.7.10.2). E Caulocystidia and cauloparacystidia on apex of stipe (TAKK 97.9.24.1, 99.7.10.2). F Caulocystidia and cauloparacystidia on base of stipe (TAKK 99.7.10.2). Bars A, C-F 20 μm; B 10 μm
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Three species of the genus Inocybe are reported as new species or a new record from Japan. Inocybe ovoidea sp. nov. and Inocybe furcata sp. nov. are described from Hokkaido. The distribution of caulocystidia in the former is noted. Inocybe oblectabilis is redescribed based on specimens collected in Honshu. This is the first record of I. oblectabili...
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Citations
... Fungal material: The study was based on basidiomes morphologically identified as Inocybe dulcamara by Kong Luz A., Herbarium TLXM, using specialized keys and descriptions (Smith et al. 1979, Phillips 1983, Bon 1988, Metzler & Metzler 1992, Kobayashi 2002) and the Munsell color key (U.S. Department of Agriculture 1975). ...
Inocybe species are ectomycorrhizal fungi that have the potential to serve as inoculants for forestry plant species, especially in soils found in extreme conditions. Therefore, it is important to know its diversity, so the best adapted species for use in revegetation programs could be selected. The present research focused on the molecular characterization of one fungal morphotype in the Inocybe subgenus Mallocybe, a major fungal component in a pine plantation established on a disturbed area in the state of Tlaxcala, Mexico, as well as to generate a valid molecular marker for early and fast detection in field studies. The Internal Transcribed Spacer of the ribosomal DNA was amplified, sequenced and digested with four restriction enzymes in order to detect restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). The sequence data of the product obtained has 807 base pairs (bp) and its BLAST analysis in the GenBank and UNITE databases resulted in an 84% similarity to Inocybe dulcamara f. pygmaea. The phylogenetic analysis indicates that the closest related species to the Mexican species is Inocybe terrigena. The RFLPs differ in important ways from the sequences of other species of Inocybe subgenus Mallocybe, and this supports their importance as tool for identification of the species in field samples. The evidence obtained in this research suggests that the Mexican species is different from other species in the subgenus Mallocybe previously studied since a molecular and phylogenetically point of views.
... There are several morphology-based monographs of the genus [12,13], although most of these have a European focus (but see [14,15]). In addition, many new species have been described recently1617181920. A search on Inocybe in the taxonomic database Index Fungorum [21] returns 1634 names (of species and subspecies; November 2007), but the actual number of recognized taxa is far lower owing to widespread synonymy. ...
The lack of reference sequences from well-identified mycorrhizal fungi often poses a challenge to the inference of taxonomic affiliation of sequences from environmental samples, and many environmental sequences are thus left unidentified. Such unidentified sequences belonging to the widely distributed ectomycorrhizal fungal genus Inocybe (Basidiomycota) were retrieved from GenBank and divided into species that were identified in a phylogenetic context using a reference dataset from an ongoing study of the genus. The sequence metadata of the unidentified Inocybe sequences stored in GenBank, as well as data from the corresponding original papers, were compiled and used to explore the ecology and distribution of the genus. In addition, the relative occurrence of Inocybe was contrasted to that of other mycorrhizal genera.
Most species of Inocybe were found to have less than 3% intraspecific variability in the ITS2 region of the nuclear ribosomal DNA. This cut-off value was used jointly with phylogenetic analysis to delimit and identify unidentified Inocybe sequences to species level. A total of 177 unidentified Inocybe ITS sequences corresponding to 98 species were recovered, 32% of which were successfully identified to species level in this study. These sequences account for an unexpectedly large proportion of the publicly available unidentified fungal ITS sequences when compared with other mycorrhizal genera. Eight Inocybe species were reported from multiple hosts and some even from hosts forming arbutoid or orchid mycorrhizae. Furthermore, Inocybe sequences have been reported from four continents and in climate zones ranging from cold temperate to equatorial climate. Out of the 19 species found in more than one study, six were found in both Europe and North America and one was found in both Europe and Japan, indicating that at least many north temperate species have a wide distribution.
Although DNA-based species identification and circumscription are associated with practical and conceptual difficulties, they also offer new possibilities and avenues for research. Metadata assembly holds great potential to synthesize valuable information from community studies for use in a species and taxonomy-oriented framework.
... Six Inocybe species collected from Japan have been reported in this series (Kobayashi 2002a(Kobayashi , 2003. The author recently obtained from central and eastern Honsyu several collections of Inocybe that represent new taxa, new records in Japan, or a rediscovering in Chiba. ...
Six Inocybes are described and illustrated as new taxa or new records from Japan. A new species, Inocybe magnicarpa, is a member of section Marginatae. Two new varieties, I. malenconii var. cylindrata, a member of section Dulcamarae, and I. brunneorufa var. angusta, a representative of section Marginatae. Inocybe reisneri (section Rimosae) and I. fuscidula (section Tardae), are recorded as new to Japan. Inocybe pseudodestricta (section Tardae) is redescribed from a new locality (Chiba Prefecture). They are compared with similar taxa.
A systematic study on the agaric genus Inocybe (Inocybaceae, Agaricales, Basidiomycota) in Kerala State, India was performed based on both morphology and molecular phylogeny. The study revealed a total of thirty species belonging to the following four clades: Inocybe (twenty species), Pseudosperma (five species), Inosperma (four species) and Nothocybe (one species). Comprehensive descriptions, photographs and comparisons with phenetically similar and phylogenetically related species are provided for all these species of Inocybe. A key to the clades of Inocybaceae and keys to the Inocybe species of each clade discovered in Kerala are also provided. Twelve of these species are proposed here as new: I. babruka, I. floccosistipitata, I. insulana, I. kapila, I. kurkuriya, I. pingala, I. rekhankitha, I. silvana, I. snigdha and I. viraktha in clade Inocybe; and I. akirna and I. saraga in clade Inosperma. A combined nLSU and rpb2-based phylogenetic analysis using Maximum likelihood (ML) method supported both the novelty of the new species and the placement of all the thirty species of Inocybe within the respective clades. Based on morphological, geographical and phylogenetic evidences, the following species recently described from Kerala are considered as heterotypic (taxonomic) synonyms: Inocybe albonitens a synonym of I. wayanadensis, I. parvisquamulosa that of I. iringolkavensis and I. rimulosa that of I. keralensis. The majority of the inocybes discovered in this study were found associated with Hopea parviflora, H. ponga and Vateria indica of the angiosperm family Dipterocarpaceae. In addition, the authors observed that in Kerala, one can find Inocybe species only in those forests or woodlands that have dipterocarps. The consistent association of the Inocybe species with the family Dipterocarpaceae in this region is remarkable.
So far Inocybe urceolicystis Stangl & Vauras and Inocybe ericetorum Vauras & Kok-
konen have been known only from Fennoscandia. In 2012 they were found also in Germany.
Further, Inocybe urceolicystis is reported from Estonia. The descriptions of the two species are
complemented by macro- and microphotographs as well by line drawings. In the collections
of Inocybe urceolicystis at least one third of the cheilocystidia have a rounded bottom so that
the consistency of this eponymous character could be confirmed. For the Fennoscandian and
Estonian findings of both species a distribution map is shown. The determination of the Ger-
man findings of both species could be assured by compliance with the ITS sequences of the
respective holotypes. For the treatment of the genus Inocybe the LSU region is used in addition
to the DNA barcoding region ITS. Methods for alignment and analysis are described that
facilitate the interpretation of the molecular data with Inocybe species. In ITS-LSU cladograms
Inocybe urceolicystis occupies an isolated position, while Inocybe ericetorum belongs to the clade
of Napipedinae.
Alnicola ramulosa, a new species from Japan, is described. The new section Ramulosae Takah. Kobay. is proposed to accommodate A. ramulosa collected from Shiga Prefecture, Japan. The characters thick-walled pileocystidia and furcate lamellae did not clearly discuss previous authors for the genus Alnicola. A new concept of the genus is presented here based on Alnicola Kuhner emend Takah. Kobay.
Inocybe sericella, a new species from Kobe, Japan, is described. It belongs to section Inocybe (= Cortinatae) since it has a cortina and nodulose spores. This species is remarkable in the section Inocybe since it possesses caulocystidia below the cortina.
This fourth paper in the series considers five species of Inocybe occurring in Hokkaido, Honshu, and Kyushu. (1) Inocybe furfurea (section Tardae) is recorded from Hokkaido as new to Japan. (2) Inocybe luteola sp. nov. (section Tardae) is described from eastern Honshu (Chiba). It has smooth basidiospores and thick-walled caulocystidia descending to the middle
of the stipe. (3) Inocybe napiformis sp. nov. [section Inocybe (= Cortinatae)], known from Hokkaido, appears close to Inocybe napipes, but characters of the metuloids distinguish the two species. (4) Inocybe grammata (section Marginatae) is recorded from Hokkaido and Nagano as new to Japan. (5) Inocybe pyriformis sp. nov. (section Marginatae) is described from Kyushu (Miyazaki). It has nodulose basidiospores and caulocystidia wholly covering the stipe surface.
However, I. pyriformis is not typical in the section, lacking a marginate bulbous base in its stipe.
Approximately 3000 bp across 84 taxa have been analyzed for variable regions of RPB1, RPB2, and nLSU-rDNA to infer phylogenetic relationships in the large ectomycorrhizal mushroom genus Inocybe (Agaricales; Basidiomycota). This study represents the first effort to combine variable regions of RPB1 and RPB2 with nLSU-rDNA for low-level phylogenetic studies in mushroom-forming fungi. Combination of the three loci increases non-parametric bootstrap support, Bayesian posterior probabilities, and resolution for numerous clades compared to separate gene analyses. These data suggest the evolution of at least five major lineages in Inocybe-the Inocybe clade, the Mallocybe clade, the Auritella clade, the Inosperma clade, and the Pseudosperma clade. Additionally, many clades nested within each major lineage are strongly supported. These results also suggest the family Crepiodataceae sensu stricto is sister to Inocybe. Recognition of Inocybe at the family level, the Inocybaceae, is recommended.
