Figure - available from: Applied Sciences
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Initial mesh surface of the guide from the .stl file while it is offset to create a new surface/model in order to be recognized by the CATIA v5 program.
Source publication
Static guided surgery for dental implant insertion is a well-documented procedure requiring the manufacturing of a custom-made surgical guide, either teeth-supported, mucosal-supported, bone-supported, or mixed (teeth-mucosal-supported), depending on the clinical situation. The guidance of the surgical drills during implant bed preparation could be...
Citations
... A convergence test is to check high quality. If the stress difference between before and after addition meshes is small, increasing the number of elements is paused [47]. ...
... The results of the convergence test on 1mm meshing at 0.991 mm and 1.049 mm at the von Mises stress value were 3-4%, so 1 mm of mesh can be used for simulations in this study (convergence test <5%). The finer mesh in FEA produces more accurate solutions [47]. The mesh convergence study leads to the acquisition of a mesh that satisfactorily balances accuracy and resource optimization [48]. ...
This study aims to analyze the von Mises stress, deformation, and safety factor in variations in dental implant materials (Ti-6Al-7 Nb and Y-TZP) and variations in thermal load (0°, 22°, and 70°) using the finite element analysis (FEA), namely the steady-state thermal solution and static structural. Loading at 225 N and type of teeth is posterior tooth model (Straumann Standard Plus Tissue Level RN). Abutment models, implant fixtures, and crowns varied with Ti-6Al- 7Nb and Y-TZP materials, but the crown only used Y-TZP. The largest von Mises stress is produced by dental implants subjected to a thermal load of 70°C, while the lowest value is produced by dental implants subjected to a thermal load of 0°C. TTZ had the lowest von Mises stress of any dental implant variation, while ZZZ had the highest. TTZ dental implants are made up of a Ti-6Al-7Nb implant fixture, a Ti-6Al-7Nb abutment, and a Zir Y-TZP crown. All components of the ZZZ dental implants are made of Zir Y-TZP material, which has worse mechanical properties than Ti-6Al-7Nb. As a result, the von Mises stress is lowest at ZZZ. Ti- 6Al-7Nb has better mechanical qualities than Zir Y-TZP. TTZ causes the least amount of stress when compared to other versions. At 70°C, the maximum displacement value for each dental implant variation occurs. The maximum displacement, however, is less than 4 µm, demonstrating that this value does not apply pressure on other bones in the mouth. The dental implants in this study were modeled using the FEA static structural analysis-steady state thermal analysis solution and were modified from 0.8 x European dental implant standards. Based on simulations on a variety of materials with a bite force of 225 N and thermal load (0°C, 22°C, and 70°C), all types of dental implants were judged safe because the factor of safety value was greater than 1.
... Based on the authors' expertise, it can be stated that a higher level of discretization (meshing level) generally yields more accurate simulation results. However, beyond a certain threshold, increasing the number of finite elements no longer enhances the quality of the results significantly [51,52]. The primary impact of an excessively fine mesh is observed in terms of increased computational time required for simulation. ...
This study introduces a novel titanium hollow structure for mandibular reconstruction designed to optimize mechanical stability and stress distribution. A comparative evaluation with a similar polyetheretherketone (PEEK) structure is performed to assess material-specific biomechanical behavior. Methods: Finite element analysis (FEA) simulations were conducted to evaluate stress distribution, displacement, and structural stability of the symmetrical titanium and PEEK hollow structures under physiological conditions. The reconstructions were designed based on Scherk minimal surfaces, integrating fixing plates to achieve optimal mechanical performance while maintaining symmetry. Results: The FEA simulations demonstrated that the titanium hollow structure exhibited higher mechanical stability, lower displacement, and more uniform stress distribution, ensuring structural integrity under applied forces. In contrast, the PEEK structure displayed greater flexibility, which reduced stress shielding but resulted in higher deformation and lower load-bearing capacity. While titanium inherently supports osseointegration, PEEK requires surface modifications to enhance bone integration and long-term stability. Conclusions: The titanium hollow structure presents a promising advancement in metal-based mandibular reconstruction, effectively balancing strength, durability, and biological integration. Future research should focus on using more structures, enhancing surface modifications and optimizing lattice structures to further improve the biological and biomechanical performance of PEEK-based and titanium-based implants in load-bearing conditions.
... Based on the authors' expertise, it can be stated that a higher level of discretization (meshing level) generally yields more accurate simulation results. However, beyond a certain threshold, increasing the number of finite elements no longer enhances the quality of the results significantly [51,52]. The primary impact of an excessively fine mesh is observed in terms of increased computational time required for simulation. ...
This study introduces a novel titanium hollow structure for mandibular reconstruction, designed to optimize mechanical stability and stress distribution. A comparative evaluation with a similar polyetheretherketone (PEEK) structure is performed to assess material-specific biomechanical behavior; Methods: Finite element analysis (FEA) simulations were conducted to evaluate stress distribution, displacement, and structural stability of the symmetrical titanium and PEEK hollow structures under physiological conditions. The reconstructions were designed based on Scherk minimal surfaces, integrating fixing plates to achieve optimal mechanical performance while maintaining symmetry; Results: The titanium structure exhibited superior mechanical stability and more efficient stress distribution, ensuring structural integrity under applied forces. Conversely, PEEK demonstrated greater flexibility, reducing stress shielding but showing limitations under higher loading conditions. While titanium inherently supports osseointegration, PEEK requires surface modifications to enhance bone integration and long-term stability; Conclusions: The titanium hollow structure presents a promising advancement in metal-based mandibular reconstruction, effectively balancing strength, durability, and biological integration. Future research should focus on using more structures, enhancing surface modifications and optimizing lattice structures to further improve the biological and biomechanical performance of PEEK-based and titanium-based implants in load-bearing conditions.
... Unilateral teeth-supported guides are more liable to displacement. [21][22][23] Kinoshita et al. 23 indicated that a minimum drilling force of 4 N is required up to a depth of 4 mm. These forces could not be reproduced predictably clinically, therefore, studying the effect of different forces' magnitude and direction in a standardized approach is important. ...
Purpose
Unilateral tooth‐supported guides reported less effective implant placement than bilateral tooth‐supported guides. Therefore, this study evaluated the effect of guide design, replaced tooth location, and applied forces on implant deviation and guide stability of mandibular unilateral tooth‐supported guides.
Materials and Methods
Ten epoxy resin models with soft tissue simulated material were used. For each model, three surgical guide designs were generated: a fully extended guide, a guide with two fixation pins, and one with one fixation pin. Two sleeves were incorporated in each guide for mandibular premolar and molar. Forces were applied from the buccal and oral directions (0.1 N, 1 N, 2.5 N, and 5 N). An intraoral scanner captured the resulting surgical guide displacement. Virtual implants were added to each scan (470 virtual implants) to measure their deviation from the original planned position.
Results
Surgical guides with two fixation pins showed the least implant vertical deviation (0.38 ± 0.27 mm, p <0.001) and guide deviation (0.52 ± 0.25 mm, p <0.001). Guide design has a small to medium effect size in all the deviation measurements( p <0.001). Force direction has a significantly large effect on implant vertical deviation (η ² = 0.15, p <0.001). Force magnitude greatly affects implant angular deviation (η ² = 0.34, p <0.001). A larger vertical deviation was detected in the molar implant location (0.59 ± 0.48 mm p <0.001).
Conclusions
Incorporating two fixation pins into unilateral tooth‐supported guides significantly enhances stability and minimizes implant deviation. However, forces applied during guided surgery and implant location have a substantial impact, exceeding the influence of the guide design.
... The mandibular bone, the main component of the studied assembly, is modeled as compact and uniform to simplify the analysis [26,27]. Although this represents a limitation, the authors believe it does not significantly affect the results. ...
Mandibular reconstruction is essential for restoring both function and aesthetics after segmental resection due to tumoral pathology. This study aimed to conduct a comparative analysis of three reconstruction strategies for defects resulting from segmental mandibular resection, utilizing finite element analysis (FEA). Methods: A digital model of the mandible was created from CBCT data and optimized for FEA. Three reconstruction scenarios were simulated: fixation with a titanium plate, reconstruction with an autogenous fibular graft stabilized with the same titanium plate, and fixation with a customized PEEK plate. Various plate thicknesses were analyzed to determine the stress and deformation patterns under masticatory loads. Results: Titanium plates provided superior mechanical stability but showed stress concentrations near screw fixation points. The addition of autogenous bone grafts reduced stress on the plate and improved structural integrity. PEEK plates exhibited reduced stress shielding and better load distribution, but thinner designs were prone to deformation. Minimum recommended thicknesses of 1.2 mm for titanium plates and 1.8 mm for PEEK plates were identified by FEA. Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of material selection and patient-specific design in mandibular reconstruction. Autogenous bone grafts combined with titanium plates demonstrated the best biomechanical outcomes, while PEEK plates offer a promising alternative, particularly for patients where grafting is contraindicated.
... The magnitude of forces is related to different factors. These factors include the speed of drilling, bone density, and the type of drill (15,16). Deviation in implant position due to the instability of the surgical guide was reported to cause serious complications(17) such as inferior alveolar canal injury. ...
Background: In recent years, advancements in digital dentistry have provided new opportunities for more predictable and efficient treatment options, particularly in patients with failing dentition. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and accuracy of a fully digital workflow using stackable surgical templates for complete dental arch rehabilitation with implant-supported fixed restorations. Methods: Four patients, comprising two males and two females with a mean age of 66 years, were included in this case series. Each patient underwent meticulous digital planning, including CBCT and intraoral scanning, to create a virtual patient for preoperative assessment and virtual treatment planning. The assessment of the trueness of implant positioning was conducted in Geomagic Control X software (version 2017.0.3) by referencing anatomical landmarks from both the preoperative and one-year postoperative CBCT scans. Results: A total of 25 dental implants were placed in the maxilla, followed by the installation of long-term provisional restorations. The results showed minimal deviation between the planned and actual implant positions, with mean 3D coronal, apical, and angular discrepancies of 0.87 mm, 2.04 mm, and 2.67°, respectively. All implants achieved successful osseointegration, and no failures were recorded, resulting in a 100% survival rate at the one-year follow-up. Patients reported high satisfaction with both the esthetic and functional outcomes based on their subjective feedback. Conclusions: The findings suggest that the use of a fully digital workflow with stackable surgical templates is a reliable and effective approach for immediate implant placement and prosthetic rehabilitation, enhancing treatment precision and patient comfort.
This book is more than an introduction to CATIA v5 Finite Element Analysis, providing a practical approach to the subject. The basic concepts of finite element analysis (FEA) in CATIA v5 are explained and augmented with examples and figures for a thorough understanding of the subjects.
The book is intended to be used by students from programs with a mechanical or industrial engineering background, but also by design and control engineers from various industries (automotive, aerospace, military, heavy machinery, medical technology, etc.). These users need to work and verify their 3D parts and assemblies by applying various methods. Among them, the finite element method (FEM) is a very important tool because it provides information on how the stresses are distributed in the component parts, how the loads are applied and what are the values and orientations of the resulting displacements.
All the content is organized in a logical manner, with chapters that cover both theoretical concepts and practical issues addressed through the use of modelling, assembly and FEA. The presented applications are clearly written and easy to understand, with step-by-step instructions and ample explanations, illustrations and figures. Many of the tutorials start from the beginning, including the parametric modelling of the part and the interpretation of FEM analysis results.
From students to engineers, all are advised to open and follow the pages of this book with interest and perseverance, to patiently go through all the explanations of the presented tutorials, to explore the proposed FEM problems and then to successfully apply the knowledge acquired in their professional activities.
