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Inhibition of amylase (a) and glucosidase (b) by non-fermented (control) and fermented fish sausages during 21 days of storage. *Means had a significant difference at p < 0.05 compared with the control at the equivalent day
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Background:
Probiotic bacteria can provide health benefits when delivered in functional foods. This study involved isolation of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from traditionally dried and salted anchovy fish and characterization of their survival in simulated gastrointestinal digestion. Promising strains were used to prepare fermented fish sausages wh...
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This study examined the influence of fermented rapeseed meal (FRSM) on the intestinal morphology and gut microflora of broiler chickens. Limited information is available on the effects of FRSM on the intestinal morphology and the gastrointestinal microbiome population of animals. First, 48 21-day Ross 308 broilers were placed in metabolic cages and...
Citations
... This is however contrary to a report where S. epidermidis and E. faecalis were predominantly identified from breast milk and neonates' faeces [33]. Lactic acid bacteria have also been isolated from cattle, pigs, pickles, and sausage [37,52], showing that LAB can also be found in other sources. In this study, L. xiangfangensis was isolated from breast milk; this is novel specie that was previously isolated from Chinese pickle [53]. ...
Diarrheal diseases remain the leading cause of high mortality among the infants, particularly in the developing countries; Probiotic intervention for diarrhea has been an ongoing novel approach to diarrheal prevention and treatment. This study aims to characterize immunogenic and probiotic properties of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from human breast milk and neonates’ faeces. The LAB isolates from 16 mothers’ breast milk and 13 infants’ faeces were screened and identified by 16 S rRNA gene partial sequencing. Their antimicrobial activities against 5 strains of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli were tested. Organic acids production was quantified by HPLC, and antibiotic resistance pattern were determined by VITEK®. Autoaggregation, co-aggregation and hydrophobicity properties were assessed by UV spectrophotometry and immunomodulatory effect was determined in mouse model. Ninety-three LAB of five genera were identified. The most abundant species was Lactiplantibacillus plantarum with inhibition zones ranged from 8.0 to 25.0 ± 1 mm. Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus A012 had 76.8 mg/mL lactic acid, (the highest concentration), was susceptible to all antibiotics tested. L. plantarum A011 and L. rhamnosus A012 were highly resistance to gastrointestinal conditions. L. rhamnosus A012 produced hydrophobicity of 25.01% (n-hexadecane), 15.4% (xylene) and its autoaggregation was 32.52%. L. rhamnosus A012 and L. plantarum A011 exert immunomodulatory effects on the cyclophosphamide-treated mice by upregulating anti-inflammatory cytokine and downregulating proinflammatory cytokines. Lactobacillus sp. demonstrated good probiotic and immunomodulatory properties. Further works are ongoing on the practical use of the strains.
... An aliquot (5 mL) of adjusted bacteria was centrifuged; recovered bacteria were resuspended in either PBS adjusted to pH 3.0 or PBS added with bile salts (0.3% w/v, Sigma-Aldrich, Saint Louis, MO, USA), and incubated at 37 °C during 3 h and 5 h, respectively (Alkalbani et al., 2019;Santiago-López et al., 2018). Survival was determined by plating appropriate dilutions on MRS; survival rate is represented in percentage: ...
... In recent years, the use of probiotics has been highlighted due to their multiple health effects, and their use has been extrapolated to other areas not related to foods (Zommiti et al., 2020). In particular, tolerance for low pH and bile salts is crucial for endurance to gastrointestinal stress (Alkalbani et al., 2019). In our study, 50 LAB strains were isolated from Huauzontle inflorescences, which were evaluated under acidic pH (3.0) and bile salts (0.3%) conditions. ...
... Different lowercase letters (columns) represent significant differences (p < 0.05) among strains. Different uppercase letters (rows) represent significant differences (p < 0.05) between auto-aggregation times for each strain Results evidenced that all pre-selected strains exhibited coaggregation abilities with the different pathogens tested, but the results were strain-specific (Fig. 2) In this sense, adhesion assays suggest the potential of bacteria to adhere to epithelial cells and may also determine the colonization capacity of bacteria (Alkalbani et al., 2019), since this step is crucial to accomplish beneficial effects to the host. Hydrophobicity and aggregation capacity represent essential key roles as the first contact occurs with the mucous or epithelial cells (Guan et al., 2020). ...
The aim of the present work was to assess the probiotic potential of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from huauzontle (Chenopodium berlandieri spp. Nuttalliae) inflorescences; additionally, multifunctional bioactivities of the intracellular content and cell wall fractions of the selected strains were also determined. Eight strains identified as Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, one as Lactobacillus pentosus and one as Pediococcus pentosaceus, were pre-selected according to their survival rate to acid (range 78.67 to 97.11%) and bile salt (range 49.62 to 55.23%) exposure, and their potential probiotic properties were evaluated. Overall, all strains were able to survive to several technological conditions and production of exopolysaccharides and β-galactosidase activity, auto-aggregation (> 40%), hydrophobicity (31.27–53.56%), coaggregation (41–63%), and mucosa adhesion capacity (> 70%). Besides, no biogenic amine production, mucin degradation, and γ-hemolysis activity was observed. Strains with the best probiotic properties were selected and showed to be resistant to four different antibiotics, but conjugation frequency was not found for filter mating. A survival higher than 75% was registered after bacterial exposure to simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Furthermore, whole cells, intracellular contents, and cell wall fractions of these selected strains exhibited antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities and promoted splenocyte cell proliferation. Our results indicated that epiphytic bacteria from huauzontle not only met basic criteria for probiotics, but also represent a source of bioactive metabolites with potential therapeutic or preventive activity against stress- and inflammatory-mediated disorders; however additional experiments are still required.
... Furthermore, toxin-producing C. difficile strains are frequently responsible for symptoms of diarrhea after taking antibiotics, as well as colitis [71]. Similarly, L. monocytogenes and Salmonella enterica strains are often the pathogens responsible for food-borne infections [72]. Colonization of the intestinal mucosa by pathogen-inhibiting microorganisms may provide protection against infections [50]. ...
... These findings are consistent with previous studies on the inhibitory activity of Lactobacillus bacteria supernatant cultures against pathogenic E. coli, L. monocytogenes, S. Enteri-tidis, and S. aureus cells [70,72,73]. Cell growth inhibition rates of E. coli, L. monocytogenes, and S. Enteritidis cells have been recorded in the range of 70 to 93%, 50 to 90%, and 60 to 96%, respectively [73], while after neutralization of supernatants at pH 6.5, a decrease in inhibitory activity against all pathogens was observed [72,73]. ...
... These findings are consistent with previous studies on the inhibitory activity of Lactobacillus bacteria supernatant cultures against pathogenic E. coli, L. monocytogenes, S. Enteri-tidis, and S. aureus cells [70,72,73]. Cell growth inhibition rates of E. coli, L. monocytogenes, and S. Enteritidis cells have been recorded in the range of 70 to 93%, 50 to 90%, and 60 to 96%, respectively [73], while after neutralization of supernatants at pH 6.5, a decrease in inhibitory activity against all pathogens was observed [72,73]. ...
As the food and pharmaceutical industry is continuously seeking new probiotic strains with unique health properties, the aim of the present study was to determine the impact of short-term dietary intervention with novel wild-type strains, isolated from various sources, on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced insulin resistance. Initially, the strains were evaluated in vitro for their ability to survive in simulated gastrointestinal (GI) conditions, for adhesion to Caco-2 cells, for bile salt hydrolase secretion, for cholesterol-lowering and cellular cholesterol-binding ability, and for growth inhibition of food-borne pathogens. In addition, safety criteria were assessed, including hemolytic activity and susceptibility to antibiotics. The in vivo test on insulin resistance showed that mice receiving the HFD supplemented with Pediococcus acidilactici SK (isolated from human feces) or P. acidilactici OLS3-1 strain (isolated from olive fruit) exhibited significantly improved insulin resistance compared to HFD-fed mice or to the normal diet (ND)-fed group.
... for sequencing. The sequences were then subjected to a BLAST comparison and analysis [21]. ...
... After standing at 37 • C for 24 h, the bile salt content of the MRS broth was adjusted to 0.1% and 0.3% using porcine bile salt and the MRS broth without bile salt regulation was set as a negative control. Samples were taken after standing the culture for 0 and 4 h, and the survival rate was calculated using the plate-counting method [21]. ...
Simple Summary
In recent years, the increasing harm caused by the excessive use of antibiotics in animal husbandry has drawn attention to the antibacterial properties of lactic acid bacteria. In this study, both 16S rRNA and metagenomic sequencing methods were utilized to analyze the intestinal microbiota of Anhui local pig breeds, and eight strains of lactic acid bacteria were isolated. By evaluating their growth performance and conducting tolerance tests in a simulated intestinal environment, along with assessing autopolymeric hydrophobicity and pathogen inhibition, two dominant strains were selected. This study holds significant guidance for the development, production, and application of lactic acid bacteria resources to local pig breeds.
Abstract
With the widespread promotion of the green feeding concept of “substitution and resistance”, there is a pressing need for alternative products in feed and breeding industries. Employing lactic acid bacteria represents one of the most promising antimicrobial strategies to combat infections caused by pathogenic bacteria. As such, we analyzed the intestinal tract of Anhui local pig breeds, including LiuBai Pig, YueHei Pig, and HuoShou Pig, to determine the composition and diversity of intestinal microbiota using 16S rRNA. Further, the functionality of the pigs’ intestinal microbiota was studied through metagenomic sequencing. This study revealed that lactic acid bacteria were the primary contributors to the functional composition, as determined through a species functional contribution analysis. More specifically, the functional contribution of lactic acid bacteria in the HuoShou Pig group was higher than that of the LiuBai Pig and YueHei Pig. Subsequently, the intestinal contents of the HuoShou Pig group were selected for the screening of the dominant lactic acid bacteria strains. Out of eight strains of lactic acid bacteria, the acid-production capacity, growth curve, and tolerance to a simulated intestinal environment were assessed. Additional assessments included surface hydrophobicity, the self-aggregation capability, co-agglutination of lactic acid bacteria with pathogenic bacteria, and an in vitro bacteriostatic activity assay. Lactobacillus johnsonii L5 and Lactobacillus reuteri L8 were identified as having a strong overall performance. These findings serve as a theoretical basis for the further development of pig-derived probiotics, thereby promoting the application of lactic acid bacteria to livestock production.
... Being of human origin, the major criteria 3 Journal of National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka 51 (3) considered for probiotic characterization are antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria, acid tolerance, bile salt tolerance, resistance to antibiotic compounds, anti-haemolytic activity, antihydrolysing of DNA, adherence to human epithelial cells, and persistence in the human gastrointestinal tract (Shuhadha et al., 2017). Auto-aggregation, hydrophobicity, cholesterol removal, and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) conversion are some additional probiotic characterization tests (Alkalbani et al., 2019) However, among these criteria, being of human origin has not been a highly required character to be a probiotic because there are probiotics of dairy and plant, which serve as efficient and safe probiotics in humans (Da Sesto, 2008). ...
Probiotics are live microorganisms which confer health benefits to the host when administered in adequate amounts. Endophytes, which live in plant tissues between the plant cells, can act as potential probiotic bacteria. The leaves of Murraya koenigii L. is a common cuisine and herbal ingredient used in indigenous medicine. The main objective of the current study was to assess probiotic characteristics of isolated bacterial endophytes of M. koenigii leaves. Young and mature leaves of M. koenigii were collected from sites in the wet and dry zones of Sri Lanka. The endophytes were isolated using three techniques: placing leaf segments, leaf macerations and preparation of pour plates on three different media viz., nutrient agar, Luria-Bertani (LB), and De Man, Rogosa and Sharpe agar (MRS). They were identified from morphological characteristics and preliminary biochemical tests. Probiotic characterization of the isolates was carried out by using a series of standard tests including resistance to low pH, tolerance of bile salts, antimicrobial activity (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), antibiotic resistance (Gentamycine), anti-haemolytic activity, and non-DNase activity. Ten endophytic bacteria (two bacilli, eight cocci including two Gram positive cocci, and eight Gram negative cocci and bacilli) were isolated from the young and mature leaf samples collected. While probiotic characterization tests were positive, four isolates showed antibiotic susceptibility. These results indicate the possibility that M. koenigii leaves possess bacterial endophytes with probiotic potential.
... In previous studies, there were also several findings of Enterococcus genus lactic acid bacteria in the digestive tract of fish and processed fish products that have proteolytic activity, such as the isolation of lactic acid bacteria from anchovies found E faecium, E faecalis, and E durans [30], glass fish intestines found Enterococcus sp [31] and Tor fish digestive tract found E. faecalis [32]. ...
The production of freshwater pomfret (Colossoma macropomum) in Indonesia is abundant, but the digestive tract waste weighing 10-15% of the fish body is not widely utilized. The fish's digestive tract can potentially produce lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Lactic acid bacteria have a proteolytic system that can produce extracellular protease enzymes. Protease enzymes are the most widely utilized enzymes in various industries and have a global revenue of up to $2.1 billion in 2021. Protease enzymes derived from microbes are in great demand due to the efficiency of time, place, cost, and better cultivation techniques than animal and plant sources. This study aimed to isolate and identify proteolytic lactic acid bacteria from the intestines of freshwater pomfret fish and determine their proteolytic index. The methods used were morphological, biochemical, sugar, and proteolytic tests. The BAT-A isolate with the highest proteolytic index of 2.52 with characteristics of Gram-positive, non-spore, facultatively anaerobic, catalase-negative, non-motile, homofermentative, can ferment glucose, maltose, lactose and sucrose which were then identified as proteolytic lactic acid bacteria Enterococcus sp which has the potential as a candidate source of protease enzymes from bacteria isolated from the intestines of freshwater pomfret.
... Our study found that the investigated isolates displayed a high capacity for scavenging free radicals, consistent with prior research. Free radicals are implicated in diabetes onset and progression (Alkalbani et al., 2019;Kim et al., 2019), with hydroxyl and similar radicals particularly damaging to biomolecules. Antioxidants stabilize molecules by donating electrons or hydrogen atoms, as seen in DPPH and ABTS assays. ...
Probiotics are known for their health-promoting properties and are recognized as beneficial microorganisms. The current investigation delves into the isolation and comprehensive in vitro characterization of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) obtained from the Indian-origin Theobroma cacao L. Forastero variety to assess their potential as probiotic candidates. Eleven LAB isolates were obtained, and among them, five exhibited classical LAB traits. These five isolates underwent rigorous in vitro characterization to evaluate their suitability as probiotics. The assessments included resilience against acid and bile salts, which are crucial for probiotic viability. Additionally, the isolates were subjected to simulated gastric and pancreatic fluids and lysozyme exposure to assess their survival rates. Auto- aggregation, co-aggregation, hydrophobicity, and exopolysaccharide production were also examined. The inhibitory potential of α-glucosidase, an enzyme related to glucose metabolism, was measured, and antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH and ABTS assays. A safety assessment was conducted to confirm the non-pathogenic nature of the isolates. Among the five isolates, CR2 emerged as a standout candidate with maximal bile salt hydrolase activity, phenol resistance, and lysozyme resistance. CR2 and CYF3 exhibited notable survival rates under simulated conditions. The isolates displayed variable degrees of auto-aggregation, co-aggregation, and hydrophobicity. CR2 exhibited the highest exopolysaccharide production (0.66 mg/mL), suggesting diverse applications in the food industry. CR2 also demonstrated the highest inhibition rate against α-glucosidase (56.55%) and substantial antioxidant activity (79.62% DPPH, 83.45% ABTS). Safety assessment confirmed the non- pathogenic nature of the isolates. Molecular characterization identified CR2 as Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis and CYF3 as Limnosilactobacillus fermentum. Both strains exhibited commendable probiotic and technological attributes, positioning them as promising candidates for functional foods and beyond. This study provides valuable insights into the in vitro characterization of LAB isolated from Indian Theobroma cacao L., highlighting their potential as probiotic candidates with advantageous traits, including survival in hostile conditions, beneficial enzymatic activities, bioactivity, and other essential attributes.
... Probiotics have been broadly used in producing food such as cheese, yogurt, and fermented salted fish [13][14][15][16]. The health benefits of fermented food have been confirmed. ...
Salmonellosis is a disease caused by non-typhoid Salmonella, and although some lactic acid bacteria strains have been shown previously to relieve Salmonellosis symptoms, little has been studied about the preventive mechanism of Lentilactobacillus buchneri (L. buchneri) against Salmonella infection in vivo. Therefore, the L. buchneri was fed to C57BL/6 mice for 10 days to build a protective system of mice to study its prevention and possible mechanisms. The results showed that L. buchneri GX0328-6 alleviated symptoms caused by Salmonella typhimurium infection among C57BL/6 mice, including low survival rate, weight loss, increase in immune organ index and hepatosplenomegaly, and modulated serum immunoglobulin levels and intrinsic immunity. Importantly, the L. buchneri GX0328-6 enhanced the mucosal barrier of the mouse jejunum by upregulating the expression of tight junction proteins such as ZO-1, occludins, and claudins-4 and improved absorptive capacity by increasing the length of mouse jejunal villus and the ratio of villus length to crypt depth and decreasing the crypt depth. L. buchneri GX0328-6 reduced the intestinal proliferation and invasion of Salmonella typhimurium by modulating the expression of antimicrobial peptides in the intestinal tract of mice, and reduced intestinal inflammation and systemic spread in mice by downregulating the expression of IL-6 and promoting the expression of IL-10. Furthermore, L. buchneri GX0328-6 increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria colonies and decreased the relative abundance of harmful bacteria in the cecum microflora by modulating the microflora in the cecum contents.
... Fermentation is one of the oldest methods used by humans throughout the world, especially in Asian, Western, and African countries, to preserve, store, and produce foods with high-protein quality, other bioactive ingredients, the sensory quality of the fnal products, as well as probiotics. Te probiotic bacteria can be defned as live microorganisms which are consumed adequately in order to confer a health beneft on the host consumer from the fermented food microbiome [1]. Te probiotic bacteria such as lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and some Bacillus are recognized as safe [2]. ...
... Terefore, this review aims to provide an update of data about the recent reports on the antiobesity and antidiabetic efects of bioactive compounds biosynthetized by microorganisms in traditional fermented food condiments (TFFC) for the frst time (1), to analyze the fundamental mechanisms of diferent bioactive compounds of TFFC (2), and to discuss 2 Journal of Food Quality Soybean Bacillus spp. and Aspergillus spp. ...
Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are severe metabolic diseases due to inappropriate lifestyle and genetic factors and their prevention/treatment cause serious problems. Therefore, searching for effective and safe approaches to control obesity and T2D is an essential challenge. This study presents the knowledge regarding the possible use of traditional fermented condiments (TFC), a known major source of bioactive compounds (BACs), as an adjuvant treatment for obesity and T2D. Data on antiobesity, antidiabetic, and different mechanisms of BACs action of TFC were collected using a methodical search in PubMed, Scopus databases, Web of Science, SciELO, and the Cochrane Library. We discuss the mechanisms by which BCs prevent or treat obesity and T2D. The effects of TFC on obesity and T2D have been found both in animal, human, and clinical studies. The findings demonstrated that BACs in TFC confer potential promising antiobesity and antidiabetic effects. Because of the potential therapeutic significance of bioactive ingredients, the consumption of TFC could be recommended as a functional condiment. Nevertheless, further investigation is required in more clinical studies of TFC to support the formulation of functional fermented condiments and nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications.
... Frontiers in Microbiology 03 frontiersin.org microorganisms can play a role in managing several health conditions, including irritable bowel disease, hypertension, constipation, irritable bowel syndrome, diarrhea, allergies, and diabetes (Alkalbani et al., 2019;Wang et al., 2019). Probiotic strains should have desirable characteristics, including the ability to survive in stomach and intestinal acids, ability to attach to cells in the gut (Sundararaman et al., 2021), and having no harmful genes or activity. ...
Three bacterial strains, B5-R-101T, TA-R-1T, and BL-R-1T, were isolated from the feces of a healthy Korean individual. Cells of these strains were Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive, rod-shaped, and non-motile. They were able to grow within a temperature range of 10–42°C (optimum, 32–37°C), at a pH range of 2.0–10.0 (optimum, pH 5.5–8.0), and at NaCl concentration of 0.5–10.5% (w/v). All the three strains exhibited 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities ranging from 58 ± 1.62 to 79 ± 1.46% (% inhibition). These strains survived in lower pH (2.0) and in 0.3% bile salt concentration for 4 h. They did not show hemolytic activity and exhibited antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella enterica. The genomic analysis presented no significant concerns regarding antibiotic resistance or virulence gene content, indicating these strains could be potential probiotic candidates. Phylogenetic analysis showed that they belonged to the genus Corynebacterium, with 98.5–99.0% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to other members of the genus. Their major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol. The abundant cellular fatty acids were C16:0, C18:1ω9c, and anteiso-C19:0. Genomic analysis of these isolates revealed the presence of genes necessary for their survival and growth in the gut environment, such as multi-subunit ATPases, stress response genes, extracellular polymeric substance biosynthesis genes, and antibacterial genes. Furthermore, the genome of each strain possessed biosynthetic gene clusters with antioxidant and antimicrobial potentials, including terpenes, saccharides, polyketides, post-translationally modified peptides (RIPPs), and non-ribosomal peptides (NRPs). In silico DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH) and average nucleotide identity (ANI) values were lower than the thresholds to distinguish novel species. Based on phenotypic, genomic, phylogenomic, and phylogenetic analysis, these potential probiotic strains represent novel species within the genus Corynebacterium, for which the names Corynebacterium intestinale sp. nov. (type strain B5-R-101T = CGMCC 1.19408T = KCTC 49761T), Corynebacterium stercoris sp. nov. (type strain TA-R-1T = CGMCC 1.60014T = KCTC 49742T), and Corynebacterium faecium sp. nov. (type strain BL-R-1T = KCTC 49735T = TBRC 17331T) are proposed.
