Table 5 - uploaded by Zane Grigale-Sorocina
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This article presents a study on Design for Sustainability (D4S) that we conducted in a small company assessing three innovative formulas of nail polish: conventional nail polish, hybrid polish, and gel polish. In light of the need to reduce environmental pollution, the negative social consequences of the production, and the use of various products...
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The toy sector in characteristically constituted by small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) with relatively limited resources when compared with other producing sectors. Their survival strongly depends on their exporting capacity, mainly to European countries. This has a clear consequence: design and quality are key factors in order to stay compe...
Citations
... During the last decades, UV curable systems and coatings have become very popular in the applications for human -in dentistry as dental fillings [1], in medicine and beauty care [2 -5] as coatings on natural nails. From the environmental perspective, these systems are much better for the ecosystem compared to silver/ mercury dental fillings [6,7] or solvent-based nail coatings [5,8]. Still, there is a high risk of irritation, as these systems mostly contain acrylic monomers. ...
Compositions on natural nails mostly contain acrylic monomers, more often 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA). These systems have been considered to be a potent sensitizer in contact with the skin. The purpose of the study was to compare five acrylic monomers: HEMA (hydroxyethyl methacrylate), HPMA (hydroxypropyl methacrylate), IBOMA (isobornyl methacrylate), MEP (methacryloylethylphosphate) and TMPTMA (trimethylpropane trimethacrylate) to find the substitute to HEMA. In this study, we explored the rheological and polymerization properties of uncured systems containing five acrylate monomers. Mechanical and adhesion properties were evaluated of cured compositions. Optimal criteria of compositions and cured coatings were defined, and tests were performed to find the most appropriate composition. HEMA is the most widely used acrylic monomer in nail coatings due to its outstanding characteristics: high reactivity (temperature reached at polymerization Tmax = 95 °C), good adhesion (1.5 MPa on glass and aluminum), high solubility in acetone (ms = 22 %). The greatest potential to substitute HEMA has monomer HPMA, due to its good abrasion resistance (G = 66 GU after abrasion), high reactivity (Tmax = 88 °C), and adhesion (1.5 MPa on glass and on aluminum). The polymerization process of a composition containing MEP was the fastest and reached the highest maximum temperature during polymerization process (Tmax = 115 °C) and great adhesion (2.5 MPa). The best surface abrasion resistance (G = 76 GU after abrasion) was reached for coatings containing TMPTMA.
... Using pull-off adhesion tester, the results can be repeated and compared with in-vivo tests. Pull-off adhesion strength method was found the most useful as compared to previous test methods because of the quick results and comparable results, which are very important factors for small enterprise research and development laboratories [12]. ...
The adhesion strength between a thin film and substrate is the most critical parameter that controls the initiation and the mode of film failure. In this work, a pull-off adhesion strength test method is used to determine the adhesion strength of urethane acrylate gel mix (consisting of urethane acrylate oligomers, photoiniciators, additives and three different monomers (Tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate (THFMA), tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate (THFA), isobornyl methacrylate (IBMA)). Correlation with real time adhesion tests on volunteers was studied. The results correlate with real time wear tests on natural nails.
