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Objective
This study investigates how patients and medical staff assess the physical environments of two recently built hospitals in Sulaimani City to understand the extent to which indoor environmental factors influence the creation of an optimal healing environment.
Background
A contemporary healing environment may be recognized by the quality o...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... second hospital, Fmc, lies in Qirga District on the Malik Mahmood Circular Street of Sulaimani City; it was built in 2014 on 753,473 ft 2 and accommodates 210 beds, including 11 advanced operating rooms, 21 modern suites outfitted with worldclass medical equipment, 3 presidential suites equipped with devices for disabled patients, and 6 open-heart intensive care beds. The interior of the building was designed to enable all patients and their relatives to easily have access to the various areas of the hospital (Table 1). ...Citations
... (1) Healthcare professionals' views on the nursing environment The nursing environment requires high standards in terms of professionalism, safety, and hygiene in order to meet patients' medical needs while ensuring the efficiency and safety of healthcare professionals [72]. This includes healthcare professionals' assessments of the nursing environment, particularly in-patient settings. ...
Despite the growing awareness of healing hospitals, they are still far from being globally widespread, and traditional hospital building models are increasingly unable to address the serious resource constraints and environmental stresses that we face today. In addition, sustainable development concepts have become key driving forces in the construction process of healing buildings. Currently, while research on healing hospital design continues to grow, there is relatively little that specifically addresses the integration of sustainable development concepts. Hence, this paper aims to explore the current state of development and knowledge structure of sustainable healing and therapeutic design (HTD) in hospital scenarios using a systematic methodology that integrates macro-quantitative bibliometric analysis and follow-up micro-qualitative content analysis methods based on data from the Web of Science (WOS) database, which investigates eight research objectives, including the background, current state, hotspots, high-frequency words, integration with sustainable development goals (SDGs), particularly SDG3, “Ensure healthy lifestyles and promote well-being of people of all ages”, and the challenges posed by public health emergencies, such as the COVID-19 era, for sustainable HTD in hospitals. This paper identified six main clusters: the environment of a hospital, mental health, quality of life, illness and care, COVID-19, and wound healing. These clusters were taken from keyword network visualization analysis, emphasizing key terms focused on wound healing, mental health, quality of life, nursing, children, and evidence-based design via high-frequency keyword analysis. These have been further grouped into three categories: strategy, approach, and method. Subsequently, this paper further explores how hospital HTD relates to SDG 3 targeted on reducing child mortality (SDG 3.2), promoting mental health and physical health (SDG 3.4), and achieving universal health coverage (SDG 3.8) to explore wound healing, mental health, quality of life, nursing, and children, which are stressed in the results of both macro-quantitative bibliometric and follow-up micro-qualitative content analyses. In addition, it is shown that more changes should be made to sustainable hospital HTD in the context of the pandemic era to cope with unpredictable crises. Finally, the expression HTD is discussed to justify the keywords. The results of this study complement sustainable hospital HTD and provide assistance to future architects, policy makers, and healthcare professionals.
... High-satisfaction medical staff provide better quality medical services, causing better healthcare results. Demographic criteria can also impact hospital users' satisfaction and psychological well-being with the building's physical surroundings [1,[26][27][28][29]. The hospital occupants' needs for satisfaction and comfort can vary between hospital departments. ...
... Other researches have demonstrated the importance of comfortable surroundings and the capacity to regulate comfort levels (Comfort and Control), such as blocking sunlight. To support their level of pleasure, it is crucial to let patients and medical professionals control their environment [26,33]. In addition, interior design components (Interior Appearance), like appropriate materials, the use of different colors, comfortable seating, adequate and appealing furniture, and a perception of hospitals as homelike, affect users' reactions impacting the indoor environment and influencing its overall quality, increasing medical staffs' satisfaction and performance [26,33,34]. ...
... To support their level of pleasure, it is crucial to let patients and medical professionals control their environment [26,33]. In addition, interior design components (Interior Appearance), like appropriate materials, the use of different colors, comfortable seating, adequate and appealing furniture, and a perception of hospitals as homelike, affect users' reactions impacting the indoor environment and influencing its overall quality, increasing medical staffs' satisfaction and performance [26,33,34]. Also, studies have linked medical staff satisfaction levels to (Privacy) factors. ...
Contemporary hospitals may be recognized by a large variety of activities, not only delivery of care but also some concerns, such as the satisfaction level of users. This research investigates the relationship between outpatient department (OPD) design elements and medical staff satisfaction and performance, especially in light of the pandemic since 2020. A mixed-method approach was used to gather doctors' and nurses' perspectives at two hospitals in Sulaimani City. This involved an EBD questionnaire and a modified AEDET checklist where respondents filled out a 39-item questionnaire at the hospitals' OPD. The results highlight the importance of the interior environment's quality in promoting the satisfaction of medical staff. The results from the medical staff surveys showed that most medical staff expressed satisfaction with the indoor design elements, and three factors, infection control, interior appearance, and comfort and control, were essential to creating a satisfactory indoor environment. A negative correlation of some demographic information, such as practical experience and educational attainment, with medical staff satisfaction was revealed. The findings suggest that investigating the views of the medical staff can indicate the level of significance of various elements that increase their satisfaction and performance, contribute to the general body of knowledge, and inform design decisions.
... Nimlyat, PS et al. (2018) have studied indoor environmental quality (IEQ), methods of comparison through subjective or objective assessment, and the internal environment of buildings in a way that was related to health, comfort, and well-being [11]. Related studies also include the quality of hospital premises and user satisfaction, the physical environment of hospitals, the efficiency of the use of healthcare space, and assessment of the comfort of healthcare environments [12][13][14][15]. ...
The spatial equalization of medical facilities can alleviate the wastage of medical resources and improve the efficiency of medical services. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out spatially balanced planning and assessment of medical facilities in cities. Existing studies on the balanced planning, design, and evaluation of medical facilities have been conducted from the perspective of hospital buildings in terms of spatial utilization efficiency, service satisfaction, and their physical environment on one hand, and from the perspective of regional planning of medical facilities in terms of spatial accessibility to medical facilities and the suitability of medical facilities to the social environment on the other hand. This study hopes to break down the boundaries of each perspective and effectively integrate the architecture, planning, and social well-being of medical facilities, taking spatial equilibrium as the core, in order to establish a spatial equilibrium system for medical facilities and achieve a spatial equilibrium-based assessment of the current state of medical facilities. First, the factors influencing the spatial equilibrium of hospital buildings with the support of the system and environment of hospital buildings are determined. Second, the indicators of the spatial equilibrium of hospital buildings are extracted through the consideration of influencing factors, and the indicator weights are determined by discussing the degree to which they contribute to the influence of the operation of hospital building spatial equilibrium systems, thus forming a system of equilibrium indicators for hospital buildings. Finally, a spatial equilibrium evaluation model for hospital buildings is established to assess the effects of equilibrium. The results obtained in this study provide insights into the regional planning of medical facilities and the design of hospital buildings.
... For example, Taheri and Sichani studied the effectiveness of children in establishing therapeutic spatial factors for improvement and recovery [26]. Mahmood confirmed the usefulness of three basic strategies for indoor appearance, privacy, and a comfortable therapeutic environment by fielding 312 patient questionnaire data [27]. The study by DuBose et al. identified six environmental variables of environment, view and nature, light, noise, accessibility, and layout that directly affect healing or promote healing aspects and extend the findings of the EBD framework [2]. ...
... The table provides strong evidence for current research on the ability to regulate emotions in the therapeutic space and demonstrates the spatial factors that promote patients' mental health. [27][28][29] Play and Games [26] Activities and Communication [24,27] Thus, through these studies of the physical characteristics of space and their relationship to patient health, the healing nature of space can be understood and elucidated, to support the process of physical healing and emotional restoration for patients. These findings provide foundational guidance for exploring how the sensory experience of healing spaces can be realized to promote emotional regulation. ...
... The table provides strong evidence for current research on the ability to regulate emotions in the therapeutic space and demonstrates the spatial factors that promote patients' mental health. [27][28][29] Play and Games [26] Activities and Communication [24,27] Thus, through these studies of the physical characteristics of space and their relationship to patient health, the healing nature of space can be understood and elucidated, to support the process of physical healing and emotional restoration for patients. These findings provide foundational guidance for exploring how the sensory experience of healing spaces can be realized to promote emotional regulation. ...
Healing spaces have played an important role in human history as arenas for healing and restoration of physical health. Current research from across disciplines identifies that engagement with space for people with mental illness can reduce emotional stress and thus improve health. This research leads to the central question of this paper: How do people with mood disorders achieve emotional regulation through healing spaces? In response to this question, this paper investigates the effects of sensory experience and architectural space on emotion regulation, with a particular focus on healing spaces. It proposes a model to analyze and explain how the design and use of healing spaces can create emotional experiences that stimulate patients’ senses and facilitate emotional regulation in individuals with mood disorders. The study emphasizes the importance of understanding how elements of healing spaces affect patients’ senses and contribute to the quality of emotion regulation. The paper argues that healing structures can effectively enhance the emotional experience of a space by creating a positive spatial atmosphere, thereby aiding in the healing process for patients with mood disorders. This paper’s analysis of the existing literature identifies key mechanisms by which healing spaces promote emotion regulation-healing structures-and breaks them down into three main structures: (a) Safety Guarantees Physical and Mental Development; (b) Functionality Supports the Treatment Process; (c) Ambiance Promotes Emotional Comfort, this study examines existing evidence to determine how healing structures promote emotionally regulated treatment. The study also explores representative examples of healing spaces and how they utilize spatial elements to stimulate the patient’s senses. This research results show that healing structures directly influence or facilitate eight primary spatial elements (color and form, light, sound, air and temperature, nature, materials, play and games, and activity and communication) which incorporate one or more dimensions of healing. Therefore, this paper aims to enhance our understanding and awareness of the correlation between interior space, human senses, and healing structures.
... The predominant focus of the current studies lies in examining natural elements and evaluating the importance of healing spaces within healthcare environments, particularly concerning patients. Nonetheless, few comprehensive studies have aimed to systematically identify and analyse the influencing factors in healing space design that can significantly enhance the well-being of its occupants via a systematic literature review (e.g., Gupta, Choudhary and Humaira, 2019;Hastuti and Lorica, 2020;MacAllister, Bellanti and Sakallaris, 2016;Nijhuis and Wentink, 2017;Pragati et al., 2021), though influencing factors in healing spaces play a crucial role in the healing process (Iyendo, Uwajeh and Ikenna, 2016;Kim, 2021;Mahmood and Tayib, 2020;Timmermann, Uhrenfeldt and Birkelund, 2015). Therefore, this study aimed to bridge the existing research gap by conducting a systematic literature review to comprehensively identify and analyse the factors influencing healing space design for the enhanced well-being of occupants. ...
... Each influencing factor was individually examined, providing in-depth insights into its significance in healing space design for the enhanced well-being of occupants. (2015) A view of nature and sunlight Mahmood and Tayib (2020) Interior appearance (artificial lighting, colours, art and plants and interesting ceiling designs), privacy, comfort and control ...
... Notably, artwork depicting natural scenes possesses a remarkable ability to reconnect patients with the outside world, thus expediting the healing process and facilitating their return to normality. Additionally, art can significantly enhance patients' satisfaction with their environment (Gashoot, 2022;Mahmood and Tayib, 2020). Art thus serves as a potent bridge connecting the human mind and soul (Singh, Sabahat and Qamrudiin, 2021). ...
Healing space design can promote healing, foster a positive atmosphere, influence health-related outcomes, reduce stress, decrease healthcare expenditures and enhance well-being. However, a systematic literature review that identifies factors influencing healing space design for the enhanced well-being of occupants is lacking. The influencing factors in healing spaces play a crucial role in the healing process. Therefore, this study aimed to bridge the existing research gap by conducting a systematic literature review that comprehensively identifies and analyses the factors influencing healing space design for the enhanced well-being of occupants. This review synthesised research evidence from Google Scholar, ResearchGate, ScienceDirect, Web of Science and Scopus (studies published between 2013 and 2023). Several critical influencing factors were identified, including nature, lighting, colour, social support, sense of control, privacy, safety, spatial layout, noise control, art and home-like environment. This study provides valuable guidance and insights for designers, environmental planners, architects and policymakers to improve people’s well-being through effective healing space design.
... Health-care settings can influence patients' perceptions of the physical and social environment (Jovanovi c et al., 2019;Mahmood and Tayib, 2019) and their health outcomes (Jamshidi et al., 2019;Elf et al., 2020). The environment can also contribute to promoting health and well-being (Miedema et al., 2018) by preventing or reducing stress (Ulrich et al., 2018;Karanikola et al., 2020), leading to more satisfaction (Wu et al., 2020). ...
... The admissions department fosters social interactions. The waiting room Fornara et al. (2006), Mahmood and Tayib (2019) Color of the space Fornara et al. (2006), Dalke et al. (2006) Air quality ...
... This exploratory study was based on inpatients' perceptions of environmental quality in two health-care facilities to determine the influence of EQHPS on aspects of SOC using a questionnaire survey method. Previous studies showed that a questionnaire survey is the most efficient tool to investigate patients' perceptions and viewpoints (Andrade et al., 2012;Lacanna et al., 2019;Mahmood and Tayib, 2019;Nimlyat et al., 2022). The structural equation modeling (SEM) technique evaluates complex predictive models using bootstrapping resampling procedures (Henseler et al., 2015). ...
Purpose
This study aims at identifying the key perceived environmental attributes that can influence patients’ sense of coherence (SOC) in hospital public spaces and can improve hospital quality to create a salutogenic environment.
Design/methodology/approach
In total, 205 patients from the two hospitals in Sari City, Iran, participated in a questionnaire survey. The data were analyzed through structural equation modeling using partial least squares to investigate the impact of environmental qualities of public spaces on patients’ SOC.
Findings
Results confirmed that public spaces’ quality is positively associated with patients’ SOC. Accessibility has the most effective role in patients’ SOC, closely followed by relationability and intelligibility indicators. Environmental comfort also influences patients’ SOC in hospital public spaces. In comparison, the quality of the visibility is less important to patients’ SOC.
Practical implications
Findings will help hospital managers and designers to identify influential factors to improve the quality of health-care environments. Furthermore, the study will provide a picture of patients’ views and SOC intentions regarding public spaces in health-care environments.
Originality/value
To the authors’ knowledge, there is a lack of studies on the relationship between hospital public spaces and users’ SOC. Thus, this study investigates the experiences and perceptions of patients toward the quality of public spaces in hospital environments in physical, social and psychological aspects to find out its effects on patients’ SOC.
... In hospitals, safety is a structural variable that is influenced by patient health as well as staff physical safety, who are exposed to hazards that put them at risk for serious occupational illnesses as well as psycho-physical illnesses (8). When creating a healthy environment, it is crucial to take three factors into account: interior aesthetics, privacy, and comfort and control (9). Design of the building, temperature comfort, the visualization presented to visitors, space utilization, sound level strategic planning, and the ability to accommodate occupant demands all have a significant impact on comfort (10). 1 A design analysis method called Post Occupancy Evaluation (POE) is used to direct and evaluate the social and physical aspects of a building after it has been occupied (11). ...
Post Occupancy Evaluation (POE) has proven to be an important tool for assessing interior environmental quality and a useful strategy for continuous building quality improvement in addition to standard tools. This study aims to provide an integrated evaluation model for occupant needs by investigating how the Sustainability Hospital Buildings are related to POE. This research employs a qualitative method with Bibliometric Analysis. The information used in this study was obtained by searching the keywords "Post Occupancy Evaluation" in the Scopus database from 2010 to February 2022. The identification of the time range resulted in the discovery of 305 documents. Overall, the sustainable Buildings scores were positively associated with intelligent buildings (r= 0,584). In addition, the sustainable Buildings had a significant relationship with low-energy buildings, low carbon building design, green building performance, and green buildings with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.5833 to 0.550. Concurrently, Hospital Building and sustainable building design showed a correlation (r= 0,538). Therefore, with the aspect of the sustainable Building in the hospital can determine a strategy for designing hospital buildings that produce results hospital management will be able to keep the building's quality, both in terms of indoor air quality and comfort. Keywords: Post occupancy evaluation, Sustainability Building, Bibliometric, Hospital
... The healing environment includes both physical aspects and a supportive culture that nurtures the physical, intellectual, social, and spiritual well-being of patients, families, and workers and helps them deal with the pressure of illness and hospitalization [44]. According to sustainability standards, healing places focus mainly on how different environments affect our physical, mental, spiritual, social, and emotional healing [45][46][47][48]. Dekkers [49] illustrated that color scientifically affects the mind, moods, healing, and personal well-being. ...
... The concept of the OHE was introduced by the Samueli Institute in 2004. It refers to a healthcare system that is designed to stimulate and support the inherent healing capacity of patients, families, and their care providers [48]. The OHE framework [57] considered all stakeholders in the healthcare sector. ...
This research developed an assessment tool for enhancing the healing environment in healthcare buildings, especially interior finishing materials, based on sustainability standards, i.e., Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) standards and WELL building standards. The purpose of this tool is to help decision-makers, interior designers, and client committees to identify the compatible interior materials’ specifications with the healing and non-infection environment in order to create a better experience for patient, staff, and visitors. The current study adopts a sustainability-oriented approach to bring more objectivity for assessing the architectural finish in the healing environment at the healthcare projects through a case study of King Faisal University’s (KFU) hospital project with a 182,000 m2 built area. Following the consensus of different experts, the assessment tool integrated two main international standards: LEED healthcare and WELL building standards, in addition to chromotherapy method. This tool assesses interior finishing materials, which affect the healing environment and sustainability in healthcare buildings. Each standard has credits, including items and scores for each item. The developed assessment tool was adopted in the KFU Hospital project, which has gained high acceptance among all stakeholders, including decision-makers. The developed tool is an integrated instrument (based on LEED standards, WELL standards, and chromotherapy method) for assessment; instead of using different tools for assessing finishing materials in healthcare buildings, the assessment tool supports all stakeholders in analyzing interior finishing material to achieve the optimum healing environment and sustainability.
... Zhu et al. (2017) mainly discussed how logo design features affect consumer responses based on visual representation. To understand the extent to which indoor environmental factors influence the creation of an optimal rehabilitation environment, Mahmood and Tayib (2019) proposed that contemporary rehabilitation environments may be affected by the visual effects of indoor environmental quality. Celadyn (2018) discussed the issues that the modification of contemporary interior design strategies and methods should be introduced into the interior design model oriented by environmental responsibility. ...
Sensation (the reflection of past experience in the mind) is the reflection of the brain on the individual attributes of objective things that directly act on the sense organs. Feeling is the most elementary cognitive process and the simplest psychological phenomenon. Vision is a kind of sense, and sense is produced by objective things acting on the sense organs. But at present, it is rare to analyze interior design exhibition from the perspective of visual psychology, an emerging science, as an interdisciplinary attempt, only in interior design research. Therefore, the study of sensory process should start from its external stimuli, in order to first understand how it acts on the sensory organs to produce sensory phenomena. This paper mainly studies the visual performance of psychological factors in interior design under the background of artificial intelligence. This paper proposes a K-means clustering algorithm and a localization algorithm fused with visual and inertial navigation. The distance thresholds corresponding to the SIFT feature descriptors of threshold T1, 128D, 96D, 64D, and 32D are 170, 160, 150, and 90, respectively. This verifies that the candidate image with the highest number of matching points is considered the best matching image.
... As a differential, items not found in other literature reviews (BRAMBILLA; CAPOLONGO, 2019; CASTRO; MATEUS; BRAGANÇA, 2017; LEITNER; SOTSEK; SANTOS, 2020), identified were: odor and odor sources (CONNELLAN et al., 2013;LIU et al., 2018;TAYIB, 2020;VAN HOOF et al., 2015;TANG et al., 2019a); noise from colleagues and other than colleagues (XUAN, 2016(XUAN, , 2018. ...
... Criteria included were control over lightning, noise, heating, cooling, and ventilation and the importance of occupant control over these criteria (XUAN 2016(XUAN , 2018. In this context, it was observed that there was a relationship between comfort control and the search for a psychologically healthier environment, even in healthcare buildings without this specific purpose (CONNELLAN et al., 2013;TAYIB, 2019TAYIB, , 2020. ...
Healthcare buildings are complex as their occupants may have different health conditions. In this context, building performance evaluations can help to achieve better performance perceived by occupants. Thus, this paper has developed a systematic literature review (SLR) on performance evaluation in healthcare buildings to understand their intrinsic characteristics, in addition to developing an overview of the subject. The objective was to identify the purpose of the evaluations, the criteria evaluated, the evaluation methods, the type of healthcare facilities evaluated, as well as the temporal and spatial distribution of papers. The research was conducted using three electronic databases, and eighty-three papers were examined according to the 5W1H tool. As a result, the buildings assessed covered health services at all stages of life, physical and mental issues. Six groups of criteria were identified, highlighting: spatial, lighting, acoustic comfort, energy issues, and the materials and finishes used. Moreover, relationships were established between the types of buildings, evaluated criteria, and tools used. Finally, the SLR collaborated with the understanding of performance in healthcare buildings, identified that these buildings are being evaluated, contributing to the health, well-being, and satisfaction of occupants as buildings that perform better tend to be better places of healing and work.
