(In the first column, the initial fraction of tailed peacocks and tailed-choosy peahens (f) is equal to 0.01, in the second column f=0.05, and in the third f=0.1. A) The ratio of the fold-change in the population of tailed peacocks to the population of tailless peacocks. (B) The ratio of the fold-change in the population of tailed-choosy peahens to the population of undiscriminating peahens. (C) The ratio of the fold-change in the quality of the population of tailed peacocks to the quality of the population of tailless peacocks. (D) The ratio of the fold-change in the quality of the population of tailed-choosy peahens to the quality of the population of undiscriminating peahens.

(In the first column, the initial fraction of tailed peacocks and tailed-choosy peahens (f) is equal to 0.01, in the second column f=0.05, and in the third f=0.1. A) The ratio of the fold-change in the population of tailed peacocks to the population of tailless peacocks. (B) The ratio of the fold-change in the population of tailed-choosy peahens to the population of undiscriminating peahens. (C) The ratio of the fold-change in the quality of the population of tailed peacocks to the quality of the population of tailless peacocks. (D) The ratio of the fold-change in the quality of the population of tailed-choosy peahens to the quality of the population of undiscriminating peahens.

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There is no satisfactory explanation for why peacock possesses a tail, presence and especially courtship display of which makes the organism vulnerable to predation. Here, I present a model according to which in a polygynous mating system a mechanism which increases vulnerability to predation, a Zahavian handicap, evolves when other two mechanisms...

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