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Illustration of net height and court dimensions in both competitions (Tennis 10s Green Competition “GC” = green color and Modified Competition “MC” = blue color).

Illustration of net height and court dimensions in both competitions (Tennis 10s Green Competition “GC” = green color and Modified Competition “MC” = blue color).

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Adapting competitions to young players’ characteristics is an important pillar in the optimal teaching–learning process. The objective of the present study is to analyze the effect of modifying net height (from 0.91 to 0.80 m) and court dimensions (from 23.77 × 8.23 m to 18 × 8.23 m) for under-10 (U-10) tennis players on the following: (a) kinds of...

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... En este sentido los datos encontrados respecto al segundo servicio muestran una mayor variabilidad en el TM con diferencias significativas respecto al TV. Estos hallazgos parecen coincidir con otros estudios donde se ha descubierto que el servicio tiene mayor éxito cuando la altura de la red y las dimensiones de la cancha disminuyen (Bayer et al., 2017;Gimenez-Egido et al., 2020). Por lo tanto, se puede entender que el jugador realiza un segundo servicio con más variaciones en el tiempo, cuando la altura de la red es menor, cumpliéndose así el principio de variabilidad de las enseñanzas no lineales (Méndez-Giménez et al., 2015). ...
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El objetivo de estudio fue analizar el efecto de modificar la altura de la red (de 0,91 a 0,80 m) y las dimensiones de la pista (de 23,77 × 8,23 m a 18 × 8,23 m) sobre el "tiempo de raqueta a raqueta medio y su variabilidad" en combinación con diferentes variables técnico-tácticas en competición simulada con jugadores de jugadores sub-10. Se utilizó una muestra de 10.195 golpes (TM = 4902; TV = 5293) extraídos de 38 partidos individuales con 20 tenistas sub-10 (edad = 9,46 ± 0,66 años, entrenamiento semanal en tenis = 2,90 ± 1,07 h, experiencia competiendo en tenis= 3,65 ± 1,53 años). Las variables analizadas fueron el tiempo de raqueta a raqueta y variables relacionadas con el desarrollo del juego (tipo de golpe, zona de golpe, duración del rally). Los jugadores disputaron en primer lugar Torneo Verde bajo el sistema de competición Tenis 10s con una altura de la red de 0,91 m y las dimensiones de la pista de 23,77 × 8,23 m (TV) vigente actualmente y una semana después un torneo modificado con enfoque no lineal (TM) en el cual se redujo la altura de la red y las dimensiones de la pista. Los resultados mostraron que, en términos generales, el tiempo de vuelo medio es menor en el TM (1,73 s), que en el TV (1,97 s). Además, no existen diferencias estadísticamente en la variabilidad del tiempo de vuelo entre el TM y el TV (Dif Med = 0,002 s). Sin embargo existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la variabilidad en el tiempo de raqueta en el segundo servicio (Dif Med =0,280 s) a favor del TM. Los resultados resaltan que la variabilidad se mantiene a pesar de las diferencias en las dimensiones de la cancha, sin embargo existen cambios en el segundo servicio, al interpretarse esta variación como una conducta exploratoria, facilitando este aspecto relevante bajo el enfoque de enseñanza-aprendizaje no lineal. La etapa verde del sistema Tennis 10s debería modificarse ajustándose a las características de los jugadores optimizando así los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje.
... Nesta mesma direção, a literatura atual apresenta um corpo robusto de evidência que destaca os benefícios das adaptações de materiais e quadras, que compõem o rol de princípios da campanha, no processo de aquisição e desenvolvimento técnico (Buszard et al., 2016); (Fadier et al., 2022); (Touzard et al., 2023), na implementação de táticas mais agressivas e representativas (Bayer et al., 2017); (Egido et al., 2020); (Kachel et al., 2015); (Limpens et al., 2018) (Cortela et al., 2020c). A falta de foco dessas instituições para a formaçã,o com vista ao tênis de rendimento, se converte em programas com número de sessões de treino e carga horária abaixo do recomendado pela literatura para as respectivas faixas etárias (Cortela et al., 2020b). ...
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A holistic and contextualized understanding of the long-term development process is a starting point for establishing more assertive action plans to promote high-performance tennis. In this scenario, the main of this present study was to systematise and describe the main points of attention from the representative sports agents’ perceptions about the development process of tennis players in Brazil. A qualitative study was carried out, which is characterized as exploratory and descriptive, using thematic Analysis to analyze the nine live broadcasts selected to compose the sample. The results development were grouped in the national into two contexts; main and themes: Potentials/Opportunities Challenges for training athletes for international excellence. Among the aspects mentioned as Potentials/Opportunities, training and exchange of experiences between coaches, the use of new teaching and the engagement of different sports actors appeared as first-level subthemes. In terms of challenges/Barriers the main subthemes found were training/development process and sports culture. It was evident in the participants’ narrative the advances achieved in recent years, the need to rethink the competitive ecosystem and the support offered to agents in this context.
... In real playing situations, these five techniques are the most dominant techniques used in playing tennis (Bakhtiar & Ballard, 2015;Utomo et al., 2019;. The research report of Egido et al., (2020), also shows that service, forehand and backhand groundstroke, as well as forehand and backhand volleys are basic techniques that are essential as the basis for developing playing tactics that must be trained from a junior age. From the expert's opinion, it can be concluded that service techniques, forehand and backhand groundstrokes, and forehand and backhand volleys are very important techniques to be mastered by tennis players. ...
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To evaluate the basic technical skills of service, forehand groundstroke, backhand groundstroke, forehand and backhand volley, an appropriate and accurate assessment instrument is needed according to the actual tennis game situation. The purpose of this research is to develop an assessment instrument model to the 5 basic techniques based on the acentos method for junior tennis players in the Yogyakarta Region. The design to develop the assessment instrument applies the Research and Development 4D model (Define, Design, Development, and Disseminate). The approach applied was both quantitative and qualitative (mixed method). The research subjects involved 25 junior tennis players of Yogyakarta Province who were under 18 years old in Yogyakarta comprising: 15 male tennis players and 10 female tennis players. Junior tennis players used as research subjects are junior tennis players who actively participate in junior tennis matches in Yogyakarta and the National Tennis Championships. The content validity testing was based on Content Validity Ratio (CVR), while the reliability testing was based on the statistics analysis of Alpha Cronbach Consistency by using SPSS application of genova program package, while the inter-rater reliability coefficient was analyzed using ANOVA. The results showed that the assessment instrument had very good content validity, which was: 0.71-1.00 (> 0.50): 0.71-1.00 (> 0.50), the feasibility level of the assessment instrument is good, and the high inter-rater reliability coefficient = 0.866 - 0.902 (r = ≥ 0.80). In addition, the factors and indicators of assessment instruments for basic techniques of service, forehand and backhand groundstroke, forehand and backhand volley based on the acentos method were successfully developed, consist of: (1) self-confidence and mental game/psychology, (2) before executing the stroke/stage: perception and decision, (3) the execution of the stroke and the result/stage: execution and feedback, and (4) the attitude and behavior in playing tennis. Thus, it can be concluded that the assessment instrument for basic techniques of service, forehand and backhand groundstroke, forehand and backhand volley based on the acentos method can be used as an assessment instrument for basic techniques for Yogyakarta Region junior tennis players. Keywords: assessments, basic technique of tennis, acentos method
... It has been confirmed through previous studies in other racquet sports, such as paddle tennis, that the type of ball and surface significantly affect the kinematics of the ball after the bounce, therefore affecting the shots and the motor actions of the players [8]. Even, some studies also consider it of interest to apply variability in the form of changes in competitive rules to generate influences on performance [9]. ...
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(1) Background: Learning and training in variable conditions favors adapting to unstable or changing environments. The aim of the study was to test the effect of variable practice on the accuracy of the forehand net approach shot in tennis.; (2) Methods: Thirty (n=30) first-class national players (12.9 ± 1.1 years old) participated, divided into three groups: i) induced variability training (n=10) (varying court surfaces and balls), ii) specific training (n=10) and iii) usual training -control group- (n=10). All groups trained for a month: 12 sessions of 20 minutes -3 per week-. The accuracy of the shots were analyzed through a 2D capture and digitization process of the ball bounce on the court; (3) Results: The variability group presented better accuracy values after the period without practice than the stable training group (p = 0.041; ES= 0.51).; (4) Conclusions: the application of variability in the game conditions during tennis training seems to have a favorable effect on the retention of accuracy in the forehand down the line approach to the net.
... In the practice of a sport like tennis, one can perceive the existence of variability in spatial conditions (e.g., surfaces) and in the instruments (e.g., characteristics of the balls) [13,14]. Some studies also consider it of interest to apply variability in the form of changes in competitive rules to generate influences on performance [15]. ...
Article
Full-text available
(1) Background: Learning and training in variable conditions favors adapting to unstable or changing environments. The aim of this study was to test the effect of variable practice on the accuracy of the forehand net approach shot in tennis. (2) Methods: Thirty (N = 30) first-class national players (12.9 ± 1.1 years old) participated, divided into three groups: (i) induced variability training (n = 10) (varying court surfaces and balls), (ii) specific training (n = 10), and (iii) usual training (control group) (n = 10). All groups trained for a month: 12 sessions of 20 min (3 per week). The accuracy of the shots was analyzed through a 2D capture and digitization process of the ball bounce on the court. (3) Results: The variability group presented better accuracy values after the period without practice than the stable training group (p = 0.041; ES = 0.51). (4) Conclusions: The application of variability in the game conditions during tennis training seems to have a favorable effect on the retention of accuracy in the forehand down-the-line approach to the net.
... In these, it was determined that by modifying the game rules, greater technical-tactical variability can be achieved, leading to greater effectiveness in the service, more and better situational shots and a more equitable distribution in the ball-hit zones and in the landing of the ball, improving players' game knowledge. 66 Regarding the doubles modality, specific players have obtained different results compared to individual players, with doubles players having different characteristics in terms of game structure and needing fewer and more decisive shots to achieve the point but needing more games to win the set. 65 Taking all this into account, it is important to train in all possible situations that may arise (climate, surface, with players with different patterns of play etc.) in order to be as acclimatised as possible in situations that may arise and thus be able to have different tactical solutions. ...
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The present work consists of a systematic review of studies related to tactical skills in tennis. Through the PRISMA methodology, studies related to the subject are identified, categorised and analysed using four of the most important databases: Web of Science, Scopus, EBSCO SPORTDiscus and APA PsychInfo. For the present review, 34 studies published on the subject between the years 2000 and 2022 are used to demonstrate the authorship and participating subjects, as well as the skill level, methodology used, tactical aspects analysed and the results/conclusions most relevant to each of the investigations. The results are deductively divided into eight detected variables: anticipation, game knowledge, strategy, problem representation, situational awareness, execution, player skill level and identity. Finally, possible future lines are presented for a better understanding of tactical skills.
... confirmed through previous studies in other racquet sports, such as paddle tennis, that the type of ball and surface significantly affect the kinematics of the ball after the bounce, therefore affecting the shots and the motor actions of the players [8]. Even, some studies also consider it of interest to apply variability in the form of changes in competitive rules to generate influences on performance [9]. On the other hand, in high-performance tennis, since the tournaments of the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) and the Womenʹs Tennis Association (WTA) are contested on different types of surfaces and using variations in the characteristics of the balls, players are obliged to train according to these factors to start the competition with an optimal degree of adaptation. ...
Preprint
Full-text available
(1) Background: Learning and training in variable conditions favors adapting to unstable or changing environments. The aim of the study was to test the effect of variable practice on the accuracy of the forehand net approach shot in tennis.; (2) Methods: Thirty (n=30) first-class national players (12.9 ± 1.1 years old) participated, divided into three groups: i) induced variability training (n=10) (varying court surfaces and balls), ii) specific training (n=10) and iii) usual training -control group- (n=10). All groups trained for a month: 12 sessions of 20 minutes -3 per week-. The accuracy of the shots were analyzed through a 2D capture and digitization process of the ball bounce on the court; (3) Results: The variability group presented better accuracy values after the period without practice than the stable training group (p = 0.041; ES= 0.51).; (4) Conclusions: the application of variability in the game conditions during tennis training seems to have a favorable effect on the retention of accuracy in the forehand down the line approach to the net.
... In these cases, the maturational development of the child and adolescent is not used in young competition systems. Competitions at the initial level copy the adult basketball model, without considering the physical and cognitive characteristics of young players [3][4][5][6]. A relevant fact is the team's separation by chronological age and not by biological age, thus creating an unequal and unmotivating competition. ...
Article
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The aim of this study was to analyse the performance of technical–tactical actions in two different types of tournaments and the influence of biological age on the performance of young basketball players. Thirty-seven under-13 male basketball players (age = 12.91 ± 0.57 years) were selected from four southeast Spanish teams to participate in two different tournaments on two consecutive days. The following technical–tactical variables were analysed: (a) Ball Obtained; (b) Ball Handler Player Actions; (c) Ball Handler Player Finished Actions; and (d) Ball Handler Shooting Performance. The results showed that reduced basket height and a closer three-point line promoted a higher number of balls obtained, 1 vs. 1 situations, finished ball player actions, shots, and the efficacy of offence phases. There was a significant increase in the number of balls obtained, 1 vs. 1 situations played, the number of plays finished with a lay-up or shot, number of received personal fouls, number of plays finished in 1 vs. 2, and those finished in equality and inferiority with a high defence opposition. The modified version presented a higher number of technical–tactical actions in Late Maturity players. The authors of this study believe that it is necessary to conduct more experimental studies and use bio-banding strategies in young basketball competitions.
... A parallel matched-group design was used to compare technical skills in adult beginner tennis players (Buszard et al., 2014a;Gimenez-Egido et al., 2020). The current study design lasted eight weeks, consisting of one week of tests (pre-test), six weeks of tennis training (low-compression ball -scale court size vs. regular tennis ball -full court size) interventions, and one week of tests (post-test). ...
... In human motion, the basic principles and equations of dynamics are applied to analyze the ultimate abilities of athletes in various sports, such as running, jumping, and throwing. The results are very similar to the records of the Olympic Games [7]. In tennis, there is a basic mechanical structure for every batting motion, so the application of biomechanics to analyze the structure of each link of the tennis volley technique is helpful for athletes to choose their own batting method [8]. ...
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The objective is to study the impacts of batting strength and angle of tennis players on batting results based on deep learning (DL) image processing technology. A real-time evaluation algorithm of human motion is constructed based on the camera video image and convolution neural network (CNN), and the selection of joint angles in volley training of tennis players is analyzed from the perspective of biomechanics. Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM), Visual Background Extractor (VIBE), and Optical Flow (OF) are introduced for simulation and comparison. Then, the proposed algorithm is applied to the volley experiments in areas A, B, and C of 6 tennis players (denoted by P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, and P6). The results show that the processing frame rate and batting and follow-up similarity score of the proposed algorithm based on the camera video image and CNN are significantly higher than those of GMM, VIBE, and OF. The return success rates of P1 in different areas are the highest, which are 75.46%, 75.62%, and 68.94%, respectively; while those of P6 are the lowest (19.55%, 17.46%, and 21.65%, respectively). The left ankle angle of P6 is much greater than that of P1, the angle of P1 is significantly lower than that of P3, P4, P5, and P6. The batting speed of P1 is significantly slower than that of P3, P4, P5, and P6, which is not much different from that of the left knee joint. The angles of the subjects’ right forearm ring, left lower leg ring, and left thigh ring is obvious. Additionally, the displacement of the left foot of P1 and P6 in area A is 0.916m and 0.548m, respectively. Therefore, in the volley preparation stage, the left ankle angle (103-108°) is greater than that of the right ankle (98-103°); the tennis batting speed should be basically the same as that of the left knee joint to lower the gravity center of player. Thus, the proposed algorithm outperforms other algorithms in the volley experiment of tennis players.