Figure 10 - uploaded by Guillaume Bonnet
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Illustration d'un essai de tâche 3D-MOT. (a) sphères aléatoirement positionnées, (b) en rouge les 4 sphères à suivre, (c) déplacement des différentes sphères, (d) le mouvement est arrêté, il faut retrouver les 4 sphères rouges identifiées en (b). Tiré de (Romeas et al., 2019)
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Notre travail de recherche s’inscrit dans la branche Psychologie du sport et Cognition. La prise de décision, dans un contexte dynamique et complexe, met en jeu des paramètres tels que la perception, la mémoire, le savoir, ou l’expérience. Les athlètes élite sont meilleurs que les novices dans leur capacité à percevoir les indices pertinents et agi...
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... The results of the present study using a representative design approach confirmed previous laboratory results (Bonnet, 2021;Casanova et al., 2013;Dicks et al., 2010) and provided new data from expert players (Müller & Abernethy, 2012;Triolet et al., 2013). These findings highlighted the importance of real game setting experimentation to understand gaze behavior and performance in sport. ...
Perceptual cognitive skills in real game settings, under conditions of fatigue, such as the ability to gather relevant visual information, are key factors in achieving motor goals in sports. The objectives were to evaluate the effects of acute physical fatigue on gaze behavior during a badminton game (Study 1) and in an unfavorable force ratio situation (Study 2). Six international-level badminton players played two sets and unfavorable force ratio situations while wearing eye-tracking glasses before and after a fatiguing task. During the set, fatiguing physical exercise led to fewer fixations per exchange and more fixations on one area of interest. During unfavorable force ratio situations, fatiguing physical exercise led to shorter fixation durations per exchange, shorter fixation durations on two areas of interest, and longer fixation durations on one area of interest. The results showed that gaze behaviors were adapted in acute physical fatigue conditions to maintain performance.
... In 51% of studies (n = 25), fatigue was induced by physical exertion, with 28% (n = 7) of the tasks considered sport-specific and 72% (n = 18) non-specific. The physical exertion involved incremental cycling or running tests to exhaustion (Bouhlel et al., 2014;Chmura & Jusiak, 1994;Chmura & Nazar, 2010;Faro et al., 2020;Finkenzeller et al., 2019;McMorris et al., 2000;Obmiński et al., 2017;Thomson et al., 2009), constant load cycling (Chmura et al., 1997), isolated muscle contractions (Del Percio et al., 2009;Zarrouk et al., 2016), repetitive sprints or maximal exercises (Bonnet, 2021;Browne, 2019;Coutinho et al., 2018;Donnan et al., 2021;Parkin et al., 2017;Parkin & Walsh, 2017a), cycles of running at different set paces (Alder et al., 2021;Mullen et al., 2019), and custom sport-specific designs (Alder et al., 2019;Barte et al., 2020;Goble & Christie, 2017;Redman et al., 2021;Royal et al., 2006;. In 27% of studies (n = 13), fatigue was induced by mental exertion, all of which used non-specific protocols: 10 used a Stroop test (Alder et al., 2021;Badin et al., 2016;Coutinho et al., 2018;Gantois et al., 2020;Kosack et al., 2020;Kunrath, Nakamura, et al., 2020;Smith et al., 2016;Trecroci et al., 2020;Van Cutsem et al., 2019;Weerakkody et al., 2021) and three used social media and/or video games (Fortes et al., 2019;Fortes et al., 2020;Fortes et al., 2021). ...
... Figure 6 displays how perceptual-cognitive task performance was affected by fatigue, based on how the authors of each study interpreted their results. When there was a negative effect, fatigue induced by physical exertion (Alder et al., 2019;Alder et al., 2021;Barte et al., 2020;Bonnet, 2021;Bouhlel et al., 2014;Browne, 2019;Chmura et al., 1997;Chmura & Jusiak, 1994;Chmura & Nazar, 2010;Coutinho et al., 2018;Del Percio et al., 2009;Donnan et al., 2021;Faro et al., 2020;Finkenzeller et al., 2019;Goble & Christie, 2017;McMorris et al., 2000;Mullen et al., 2019;Obmiński et al., 2017;Parkin et al., 2017;Parkin & Walsh, 2017a;Redman et al., 2021;Royal et al., 2006;Thomson et al., 2009;Zarrouk et al., 2016), mental exertion (Alder et al., 2021;Badin et al., 2016;Coutinho et al., 2018;Fortes et al., 2019;Fortes et al., 2020;Fortes et al., 2021;Gantois et al., 2020;Kosack et al., 2020;Kunrath, Nakamura, et al., 2020;Smith et al., 2016;Trecroci et al., 2020;Van Cutsem et al., 2019;Weerakkody et al., 2021), or a combination (Bradley et al., 2014;Carling & Dupont, 2011;Kempton et al., 2013;Michailidis et al., 2018;Murphy et al., 2013;Nedelec & Dupont, 2019;Rampinini et al., 2009;Sepahvand et al., 2017;Skein et al., 2013;R. Wilson et al., 2021) accounted for 41% (n = 11; 330 participants), 44% (n = 12; 198 participants), and 15% (n = 4; 53 participants), respectively, of instances. ...
Perceptual-cognitive performance is fundamental for the anticipation and decision-making demands of open-skill sports but may be disrupted by fatigue. This scoping review aimed to describe what is known about the effects of fatigue on perceptual-cognitive performance among open-skill sport athletes. Six databases were systematically searched. Articles were included if they involved open-skill sport athletes, a perceptual-cognitive task assessed on two or more occasions, and induction of acute fatigue confirmed by a manipulation check. Sixty-seven studies, chapters, and reviews were included. In 51% of studies, fatigue was induced through physical exertion, with the rest by mental exertion (27%), or a combination of physical and mental exertion (22%). Only 35% of studies involved sport-specific exertion to induce fatigue, and 29% included measures of participants’ subjective ratings that confirmed the presence of fatigue. Forty-seven percent of perceptual-cognitive tasks were sport-specific, and just 19% assessed perceptual-cognitive performance simultaneous to the fatigue-inducing exertion. Negative, positive, and no effects of fatigue on perceptual-cognitive performance were reported, and these equivocal findings may be attributable to methodological discrepancies between studies. Future research should include more sport-specific designs, as well as stressors other than fatigue, such as environmental and psychosocial stressors.
... Cependant, ces résultats sont en adéquation avec certaines études de la littérature. Bonnet (2021) (Bonnet, 2021 ;Brisswalter et al., 2002 ;Royal et al., 2006 ;Williams & Ford, 2008). Ainsi, sous fatigue, l'attention sélective explique la prise d'informations visuelles sur des zones pertinentes à partir de DF plus longues et moins de fixations. ...
Among the sensory information used by a player in a net-mediated opposition sport, visual information represents the most used information. Collecting relevant visual information under temporal pressure is one of the determinants of badminton performance. Anticipation, as judgment and attention, as perceptivo-cognitive skill, is defined from the acquisition of visual information. Anticipation involves visual information pick-up and attention allows this information pick-up. Fatigue, as an inherent constraint in practice, can affect anticipation, attention, visual search and performance in sport. However, the links between these variables remain poorly described and understood in real badminton settings. Thus, first scientific aim of this thesis is, from the expertise model, to bring descriptive and explanatory knowledge on anticipation judgment from four determinants: motor, visual, attentional and knowledge determinants for badminton players in real game settings. The second goal is to assess effects of fatigue on this judgment. The main results of this thesis show a difference in anticipation/reaction motor and visual responses according to the level of expertise (Study 1). Regarding effects of fatigue, motor and visual responses are little impacted by fatigue for novice players (Study 2) but are impacted for expert players (Study 3). More specifically, in a defensive force ratio, fatigue impacts gaze and motor behaviors (Study 4). These first results in ecological situations of badminton allow descriptive and explanatory contribution according to two levels of expertise (beginners and high-level athletes) and an understanding of the fatigue constraint on anticipation judgment. Finally, the understanding of attentional and anticipation mechanisms in a controlled situation shows an effect of expertise and fatigue (Study 5). This thesis project opens up practical perspectives of training and perspectives of complementary research on the understanding of the mechanisms of anticipation observed from the determinants of the anticipation judgment. Indeed, the contributions of this project allow an accessible rendering of knowledge for educational purposes in order to optimize the training programs (written feedback, instructions, training situations) and new research questions around the neuronal mechanisms and the fatigue-performance link involved in the anticipation judgment in situations and around factors (commitment, type of games) that can impact this judgment.
Keywords: visual perception, information pick-up, visual search, attention.
