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Illuminances of different areas inside the house model
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The advantage of the LEDs illumination in general household lighting was proposed. High efficiency white LED as the light source was provided the energy saving illumination of the general household lightings. Different spaces in general household with different standards of average illuminance were designed and simulated by LightTools and DIALux so...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... about the different purpose of different areas, we designed and simulated the illumination which followed the required standard that made by Chinese National Standards (CNS) [9] for our residential lighting. The simulated average illuminances and the required standard average illuminances of different areas are listed in Table 2, respectively, and the simulated results are all above the required standard. ...
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Citations
... • Lighting energy demand: To calculate the lighting energy demand and consequently the heat gain from their operation, the standard illuminance (lux) required in residential buildings is considered. Since there are different illuminance requirements for different rooms in a dwelling (Adams, 2019, Sun et al., 2011, and this study deals with whole block of buildings, an average value of 300 lux is considered for the whole building. ...
Cities are recognized as the main consumers of energy on the planet, and to optimize their energy consumption and enhance the potential of using renewable energy sources, built form and density are considered highly influential factors. The energy efficiency of compact built forms has been debated by many studies. Meanwhile, urban density, as an attribute of urban form, has yet to be well defined due to the diversity of density indicators used in literature. Hence, there is a lack of integrated guidelines for urban density indicators and their relationships with urban built forms in urban energy studies.
This thesis establishes a framework to demonstrate the inter-correlation of urban built form, density and energy for residential buildings, and the impact of climate as an influential parameter is investigated by adopting a mixed methods research approach. It primarily identifies the relationship between the urban built form and density by introducing a novel indicator of urban form termed the Form Signature. It demonstrates the simultaneous correlation of two selected density indicators with influential variables developed from the geometry of four selected urban built forms. An urban energy simulation software package, CitySim, is adopted to conduct sensitivity analyses. The simulation models are validated against data from a known building group. An energy indicator, termed Energy Equity, is also introduced that simultaneously considers the amount of building energy demand as well as energy generation by building-mounted PVs.
Cross case study analysis is undertaken to examine the impact of climate on urban energy performance, where four cities (London, Singapore, Helsinki and Phoenix) are chosen based on the specific climatic criteria. Meteonorm software is adopted to generate climate file relating to each case study. The investigation is further complemented by analysing future scenarios to examine the impact of climate change and technological developments (i.e. the penetration of EVs into the transportation sector) on the energy efficiency of urban areas of the future.
Graphical results of the Form Signature indicator prove that the term ‘high density’ is crucially dependent on the definition of the density indicator. The resulting graphs provide a robust platform for the analysis of contexts such as climate, economy, social issues and energy. Overlaying results of building energy simulations over the Form Signature graphs indicates the relationship of energy with urban built form and density.
Results show that buildings with a greater number of storeys and greater plan depth (equivalent to low values of plot ratio and variable values of site coverage) have lower energy demand. When PV generation is also considered, low number of storeys and great plan depth can improve the energy performance of buildings (equivalent to low plot ratio and high site coverage). Having identical geometric variables, tunnel-court form (that is introduced in this study) provides the greatest density while pavilion form provides the lowest (~80% lower than tunnel-court). The energy performance of tunnel-court form is also the highest in all considered climates, while pavilion form shows the lowest energy performance (between 27% and 67% for cooling-dominated buildings and between 7% and 32% for heating-dominated buildings). Nevertheless, if density remains constant and geometric variables are changed, the opposite becomes true. An important conclusion is that the site plans with similar built forms and densities may have different energy performance since the same value of density can be achieved by different combinations of geometrical variables.
Increasing the cut-off angle reduces building energy demand in cooling-dominated buildings (i.e. in Singapore and Phoenix) between 6% and 56%, while increase building energy demand in heating-dominated buildings (i.e. in London and Helsinki) between 2% and 16.5%. Therefore, increasing density through cut-off angle is not always energy efficient as it depends on climate. In general, building energy demand in London is the lowest among the case studies, while it is the highest in Singapore (up to 219% higher than London). London also shows the highest value of Energy Equity (demonstrating the best energy performance) and Helsinki shows the lowest (up to 51% lower than London). Considering future scenarios, the total building energy demand in 2050 will be 48% higher than at present, on average. A recommendation for future urban planning in London, for instance, is that court and tunnel-court forms will be more energy efficient, and possessing a lower number of storeys, small cut-off angle and greater plan depth will further improve their energy performance and reduce their emissions.
The holistic outcome of this study provides urban energy planning guidelines that can be used by various stakeholders in the built environment.
... Replacing the discharge lamps with LEDs with similar lighting performance allows a reduction of electricity consumption between 20% and 50%. [9][10][11][12]. Currently, there are a large number of reasons to upgrade street lighting-one reason is that LEDs are the most efficient light source, even more than high-pressure sodium (HPS) lamps [13,14]. ...
The technological change to LEDs is an unstoppable reality which, little by little, is becoming increasingly important in terms of the lighting inside and outside our homes. The exterior lighting of our cities is moving decisively and clearly towards the incorporation of this technology in urban spaces. The energy efficiency, light quality, and economic benefits of LED technology are an unquestionable reality. This is causing public administration projects involving large-scale switches to LEDs to be promoted and financed; however, it is beginning to be observed that the commitment to the policies decided by this technology should take into account some environmental aspects which have not been studied to date. The environmental impact of the substitutions is caused by the need to valorize the replaced luminaires. Until now, most have been stored without the possibility of use, reuse, or recovery. The environmental impact produced in the manufacture of LED luminaires that replace the old sodium vapor (VSAP) or metal halide (MH) discharge lamps must also be considered. In addition, in the administrative clauses specifications that govern the public tenders, it is observed that the fundamental environmental aspects both of recycling the old lamps, and of the life cycle analysis (LCA) of the luminaires that are replacing them, have not been contemplated or valued with sufficient weight. In addition, there are very few public substitution contests in which environmental criteria are rewarded or valued in an important way. This work intends to summarize a methodological proposal using the techniques of multiple decision-making criteria for the selection of bidding companies for public outdoor lighting competitions. We propose the use of the PROMETHEE method multi-criteria analysis for the application of the most commonly used criteria for the luminaire LED selection process, including an environmental impact assessment with LCA techniques, and propose this as a case or model guide in the public contests of cities. A model of the bidding conditions that addresses and assesses the environmental aspects which are absolutely key to sustainable development is supported by the ecological criteria of the circular economy.
... The light intensity was chosen to create a dining experience used in restaurants or dining facilities. Other studies also examining ambient lighting have used similar and less extreme light intensities used in laboratory studies (Almanza et al., 2016;Biswas et al., 2017;Sun, Tsuei, & Huang, 2011). ...
Many ambient variables appear to impact amount and duration of food intake as well as taste perception. Two studies were conducted to determine whether changing light intensity has an impact on meal duration and volume as well as sensory and qualitative aspects of tomato soup in an experimental setting. Using a randomized crossover design in study 1, 66 participants were served tomato soup twice, under dimmed and bright light. In study 2, 159 participants were assigned to one of four randomization groups. A 2 × 2 design as a group setting was chosen adding a tablecloth as another ambient component. In both studies, participants assessed the soups’ appearance, sensory attributes, and the overall taste, quality and consistency on 100 mm visual analog scales. Meal duration and amount were also assessed. In study 1, there were no significant differences in amount, duration and sensory attributes between lighting conditions, except for the saltiness of the soup which was perceived as saltier under the low light condition (p = 0.019). In study 2, participants ate more, longer and rated sensory attributes and quality higher when seated with tablecloth. The longest duration, highest amount and quality were observed in the dimmed light condition with tablecloth. The tablecloth seemed to have a higher impact on food amount, meal duration and overall taste perception than lighting condition. The results suggest that single ambience factors such as lighting might only play a role in food intake and perception in combination with other ambient factors, such as decorative aspects.
... Also, it acts as an environmental light source from manufacturing to disposal [6]. There are many different applications, for instance; modern household equipment [6], head light and brake lights in automobiles [8], street lights [9], interior household illumination [10], hospital diagnostic and treatment room [11]. LED lighting is very different from other lighting sources such as incandescent bulbs and CFLs. ...
Today a number of renewable energy technologies are available for power generation, but fossil fuels are still providing a dominant share nevertheless. In order to decrease the electric bill and save our environment, energy conservation is always crucial. In this paper a very interesting idea is presented which is economically viable to reduce electricity usage in our buildings. An effort has been made to estimate the amount of energy that could be saved in the dormitory section of the IMOP building in Russia. Although there are many ways to reduce the consumption of electricity in this building but here the emphasis is on changing light bulbs inside the rooms, kitchen, toilet and bathroom of each apartment. The scope of the study is to figure out monthly electricity saving by replacing traditional light bulbs by LED light bulbs in the building under consideration. The total investment required and the payback period is also presented.
... Las posibilidades de ahorro, sustituyendo las lámparas de descarga tradicionales por luminarias con tecnología led con prestaciones lumínicas semejantes, son elevadísimas (Saunders, 2012;Atkinson,1993) (Mills,1993) y permiten reducir el consumo eléctrico entre el 20% y el 50% (Mahapatra, 2009;Wen-Shing, 2011;Gil de Castro, 2012) con amortizaciones en menos de tres años. ...
Actually, LED technology is generating much interest in public lighting. This technology has potential savings of over 50% compared with traditional discharge lamps. This study aims to go one step further in the quest for energy efficiency and savings. It demonstrates the compatibility of LED technology with lighting flow dimmer-stabilizer. The analysis of lighting and electrical parameters collected in this study shows that it is possible to obtain more than 20% reduction in consumption of LED lamps, regulating with lighting flow dimmer-stabiliser. Besides, equivalent reductions of lighting are obtained, having little effect on uniformity of illumination of the vials. It also discusses the harmonic pollution of the saving system proposed.
... Siguiendo las recomendaciones de estu- dios similares [13] [14] [15] la metodo- logía consistió en: ...
... Siguiendo las recomendaciones de estu- dios similares [13] [14] [15] la metodo- logía consistió en: ...
... The rapid improvement in HB white LED increased its usage in street lights [5]. This worldwide development of LED based illumination system makes it possible for interior household illumination [6]. LED lighting system can also be suitable for hospital diagnostic and treatment room [7]. ...
The power demand puts the world in energy crisis and to meet such a high requirement energy management has to be done. The energy management can be done by two ways; one is using the available energy in a judicious way and the other one is to seek new technologies for generating power. This paper aims at reducing the power consumption by using HBLED lights. Here, a lighting system is designed for laboratory using DIALux 4.11 which is illuminated with three different kinds of light sources such as FL, CFL and LED. A comparative analysis of energy evaluation between the light sources is made at the same standard of average illuminance and the results are presented here.
Most buildings in the European Union (EU) have lighting systems that are outdated and inefficient. To achieve the targets proposed by the EU in terms of decarbonization and energy efficiency in buildings, it is necessary to optimize and moderate the energy consumption in buildings, including the parcel of electricity consumed with lighting. An efficient lighting system in a residential building can easily be achieved through an adequate design using numerical modelling tools. Moreover, a proper lighting design is not only essential for energy efficiency but also for the visual comfort of the occupants, especially when contemporary society spends a large part of its daily life exposed to artificial light, which in turn can lead to sleep disturbance, cancer, and other health problems. This chapter presents the analysis of different lighting systems in a residential single-family building in Portugal using the DIALux modelling tool. This study involves the analysis of the existing lighting system and different solutions that can be implemented to reduce electricity consumption. Moreover, it documents several parameters which can reduce lighting demand in a residential building and highlight the need of standardization of lighting design in the residential sector. In summary, the energy savings that can be achieved by the proposed solutions were determined with this tool, including the impact of the studied parameters on the visual comfort of the residents.KeywordsEfficient lighting systemResidential buildingEnergy savingsDIALuxIlluminance
