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The current developments in onboard power source technology, in particular, traction
batteries, open up new potential in trolleybus transport and also make it possible to introduce electric buses. Thus far, trolleybus transport has required the presence of overhead lines (OHL). Introducing trolleybuses with onboard batteries makes it possible to gr...
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... particular example is the city of Solingen, Germany, which is expanding its IMC trolleybus network. Figure 5 shows an IMC station for trolleybuses in Solingen. Outside Solingen, other German cities which operate trolleybus systems (Eberswalde and Esslingen) also expand their lines using battery-powered vehicles. ...
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Trolleybus transport is one of the classic means of public transport in cities. Its popularity varied in the past and was largely related to the fuel market situation. As fuel prices fell, electricity-powered transport lost popularity. The situation was similar during fuel crises. Trolleybuses gained in popularity then. Nowadays, the development of...
Citations
... У 2021 році була опублікована нова робота [6], присвячена питанням постійної експлуатації тролейбусів з АХ у тому ж місті. Її Два приклади тролейбусних систем, які використовують гібридні тролейбуси, тобто тролейбуси з АХ, представлено у дослідженні [7]. У ньому йдеться, зокрема, про досвід застосування літій-іонних (Li-Ion) тягових АКБ. ...
Problem. Trolleybus transport, as one of the types of environmentally friendly transport, is used to transport passengers in more than 280 cities of many countries around the world. In the 20th century, along with traditional trolleybuses, trolleybuses with autonomous running are becoming more and more widely used. However, in our country of trolleybuses with autonomous running, manufactured by Ukrainian enterprises, only four copies undergo operational tests. Goal. The goal is evaluation of the technical excellence of city trolleybuses of various types and the selection of the optimal type of trolleybuses with autonomous running for the design and organization of small-scale production at enterprises of Ukraine and their further operation on city and suburban routes. Methodology. The choice of the type of promising competitive city trolleybus with autonomous running for the domestic conditions of economic development is based on the analysis of the technical parameters of trolleybuses of various types, the sketch designs of which are developed on the basis of the maximum identity of their structures and the economic parameters of the "type of trolleybus - necessary infrastructure" systems. Results. Five versions of sketch projects of city trolleybuses of various types have been developed, an analysis of their structural and operational parameters has been carried out, and a relative assessment of the economic parameters of the "trolleybus - necessary infrastructure" system has been given. Originality. A method of analyzing the technical perfection of trolleybuses of various types, the sketch designs of which are developed on the basis of the application of the principle of "other things being equal", i.e., under the conditions of ensuring the maximum identity of their structures, is proposed. Practical value. The practical value is the reasoned selection of the type of city trolleybus for the design of promising competitive models or modifications that are most suitable for use in urban and suburban passenger transportation systems at this stage of economic development of Ukraine.
... According to Kos et al. [64], electrified public transport may constitute the fundamental instrument to provide sustainable mobility in urban areas, even more so because for many decades, cities have been using electrified railway, tram, and underground systems. At this point it is also worth noting trolleybuses and the important role they play in meeting electromobility goals in cities, which was described extensively by, e.g., [65] Połom et al. [66], Wołek et al. [67], and Bartłomiejczuk et al. [68,69]. In these research studies, the authors pointed to a new possible path of development for this vehicle. ...
Smart and sustainable urban public transport is a considerable challenge for contemporary cities. Society’s ever-increasing transport needs require the search for solutions to increase the attractiveness of public transport. In view of the above, the main objective of this article was to determine what effects can ensue from applying bi-directional trams in the context of the smart and sustainable city concept. To attain the said objective, the research process involved desk research as well as primary research using the Delphi method, a case study, and the participant observation method. The research area covered by the study was the city of Szczecin, Poland. The completed research made it possible to identify the limitations of tram systems and the effects of applying bi-directional trams in cities, as well as to develop some practical applications for the city in question. The research study showed that application of bi-directional trams may contribute to improved functionality of a tram system, which is particularly important from the perspective of the smart and sustainable city concept. The results of this research study have both theoretical and practical implications.
... As such, BATs can be an alternative to battery electric buses without the need for investing in costly charging infrastructures, either en route, or in depots. Currently, such systems are emerging in several European cities, in which trolleybus networks have already been in operation and cover extended parts of their road networks (Bartłomiejczyk 2017; Bartłomiejczyk and Połom 2021). ...
... The concept of BATs is expected to be widely deployed in the near future. So far, cities in Poland, Italy, and Switzerland, among others, have deployed BATs, taking advantage of the existing infrastructures (Bartłomiejczyk 2017;Bartłomiejczyk and Połom 2021). This study focused on the efficient design of a BAT network, which as a problem has not been sufficiently explored so far. ...
Battery-assisted trolleybuses (BATs) are among the options to be considered for electrifying bus fleets in cities, with established trolleybus catenary networks. BATs charge on the move using existing trolleybus catenaries and can extend their routes using onboard batteries. As such, in cases where thermal bus lines overlap to some extent with a trolleybus catenary network, these may be replaced by BATs; such a case has the advantage of avoiding either opportunity charging facilities or the use of (heavy) electric buses operating under a depot-charging scheme. Aiming at exploiting these operational advantages, this paper proposes a transit route network electrification problem dealing with the optimal selection of existing bus lines to be operated by BATs. The proposed model was applied to a real-world case study in Athens, Greece, with results showing that design objective prioritization largely affects the degree of electrification attained.
... These include passenger and freight trains as well as trams [62,63], also including cargo trams [64,65] and trolleybuses that are still common in many cities. The role of the latter in electromobility development is described in the vast research study completed by Barłomiejczyk et al. [66,67], Wołek et al. [68], and Połom [69]. ...
This paper addresses the issue of incorporating rail transport into an urban delivery system. Its main purpose was to identify the possibilities of utilising rail transport in a Zero emission Urban Delivery System (ZUDS) by applying Light Freight Railway (LFR) electric trains. The study applied the following research methods: literature review, observation, case study, and mathematical computations. In order to estimate the volume of transport external costs reduction resulting from shifting urban deliveries from road to rail transport in the city of Szczecin, the EU methodology was applied to specify the amounts of external costs generated by individual modes and means of transport. The research study showed that application of LFR electric trains makes it possible to significantly reduce external costs generated by transport. Moreover, this solution may have an impact on developing Clean Transport Zones (CTZs) and may also contribute to expansion of the ZUDS. The research study results also provide grounds to conclude that application of the LFR system makes it possible to reduce negative effects generated by Urban Freight Transport (UFT) and to achieve a coherent zero-emission system for handling cargo and passenger flows in cities, which consequently contributes to achieving electromobility goals in transport.
... Although trolleybuses remain an essential element of the public transport supply in about 280 cities worldwide [29], it is the electric bus that sets the main directions and scope of electrification [30]. Today, the scale and pace of electrification of public transport vary from country to country. ...
Electromobility is one of the leading trends transforming public transport worldwide. Supported by international organizations, such as the European Union, and national cofounding, public transport operators and local authorities are taking strategic decisions on the direction and scope of the electrification of rolling stock. Most of the electric buses that are being put into operation replace the previously used conventional buses, and consequently, most of the electric buses are operating on existing bus lines. By applying a strategic approach to selecting bus routes for electri-fication, the advantages of electric vehicles can be maximized. Based on a case study of the Polish city of Gdynia, this paper explores the usefulness of the multi-criteria analysis for selecting the bus lines for electrification. Multi-criteria analysis methods help decision makers to consider and weigh diverse criteria that include, among others, economic, social, technological and environmental aspects. To fulfil the above purpose, the paper compares different methods for evaluating electromo-bility options at an early stage. The primary research methods include multi-criteria analysis, literature review and case study analysis. An example of using multi-criteria analysis in the decision-making process of in-motion charging trolleybuses to replace diesel buses on particular lines is discussed and concluded. It is found that the multi-criteria analysis method could be used at an early but important stage of the operational level when particular lines to be replaced are being discussed. Moreover, the case is made that the local context should always be considered, including features of the existing public transport systems, and that cost-benefit analysis should be conducted for the selected optimum scenario.
... The second group includes general papers on auxiliary power technology, in particular batteries in electric buses and trolleybuses, as well as charging technologies for both types of vehicles [46][47][48][49]. Particularly noteworthy is the In-Motion-Charging technology, which builds an advantage of trolleybuses over other means of transport [50][51][52][53][54]. Additionally important are papers indicating the importance of low-and zero-emission means of transport for environmental protection [55,56]. ...
... The electrification of bus lines with trolleybuses was of particular importance in this process. Thanks to the use of on-board batteries as an alternative source of powering trolleybuses and charging them, the In-Motion-Charging technology helped to implement electric transport on several bus lines [54]. Two examples are crucial to illustrate the policy of public transport development in Gdynia and Sopot. ...
The present study attempts to examine the research gap in terms of comparing the environmental impact of trolleybuses and diesel buses in the conditions of a country with an unfavourable energy mix. The analysed example concerns the trolleybus transport system in Gdynia, in northern Poland, which also partially serves the neighbouring city of Sopot. In the last few years, two bus lines have been electrified with trolleybuses in the In-Motion-Charging technology, which enables operation on sections without an overhead network. Using the actual operational data, a comparative analysis of the emissivity of diesel buses and trolleybuses used on the same lines in an identical operating regime was conducted. Moreover, an attempt was made to estimate the damage costs of the emission of air pollutants for the above-mentioned means of transport. Research has shown that trolleybuses significantly help to reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides, non-methane volatile organic compounds and particulate matter, while increasing sulphur dioxide emissions on the served lines. They also generate lower specific emissions of carbon dioxide compared to diesel buses. However, taking into account the differences in the number of seats in these vehicles, the length of routes resulting from a need to provide access to the necessary infrastructure and the total amount of kilometres covered on a given route, they may cause higher emissions per year and per the product life cycle than diesel buses. This is related to the unfavourable structure of energy production in Poland, which is dominated by coal sources. The research results clearly show that the use of trolleybuses in public transport contributes to a reduction of the damage costs of the emission of pollutants that amount to approximately EUR (€) 30,000–60,000 per year for the analysed lines.
One of the important components of the passenger transportation system in many domestic cities is trolleybus transport, as one of the types of environmentally friendly urban passenger vehicles for public use. Since the beginning of the 2000s, in many countries of the world, its intensive development has been taking place at a new level thanks to the use of trolleybuses with autonomous running, capable of transporting passengers on sections of routes not equipped with a contact electrical network. The purpose of this study is to analyze the economic and social aspects of the development and use of trolleybuses with autonomous running in Ukraine. Based on the analysis of the main design parameters of trolleybuses with autonomous running, the effect of autonomous mileage on reducing the nominal passenger capacity without increasing the permissible gross weight regulated for classic trolleybuses and buses was assessed. The market value of new modern models of trolleybuses of Ukrainian and Belarusian manufacturers, equipped with various autonomous sources of electricity, in particular traction batteries and supercapacitors, was analyzed. The inadequacy of the market value of trolleybuses with autonomous running is shown, which is much higher than classic trolleybuses. A generalized evaluation indicator of the technical excellence of trolleybuses with autonomous running is proposed, which takes into account the total structural weight, nominal passenger capacity and autonomous mileage. Two options for the development of trolleybus transport and its integration into urban transport systems are considered, related either to the existing trolleybus electric networks or, in the near future, to the reconstruction and construction of more powerful electric substations for faster charging of autonomous sources of electric energy. Their implementation will ensure a significant increase in the autonomous mileage of trolleybuses without a significant increase in the capacity of autonomous sources of electricity. Proposed measures to ensure the active development of urban and suburban passenger transport systems based on the use of trolleybuses with autonomous running.
The Urban Transport conference was part of one of the most successful annual conference series organised by the Wessex Institute. Launched 27 years ago by Professor Carlos Brebbia, the Institute’s founder, it soon became the premier event of its type, convened in many popular European venues and attracting an international spread of delegates.
The city of Kigali aspires to be a center of urban excellence in Africa. This has been demonstrated by
its inclusiveness and openness toward reviewing the master plan to address actual challenges and
opportunities presented by new developments. There have been two major editions of the Kigali
Master Plan: one in 2013 and another in 2020. Transportation planning being a major subset of
overall urban planning, this research intends to identify various challenges and opportunities
presented by both revisions. This research has also explored road network planning issues. Both
editions of the master plan coupled with the 2012 Strategic Transport Master Plan have been
thoroughly reviewed. A factor of future proofing has driven the comparative analysis, considering
major transitions that are taking place globally, including climate change and present-day shift
towards sustainable transportation. The study has classified opportunities and challenges into five
categories. Technical and economic challenges are most prominent. For instance, the lack of
customized and standardized guidelines for traffic engineering and road design specific for Rwanda,
and limited funding for infrastructure projects are key challenges. The social aspect presents an
almost equal share of challenges and opportunities. Some key advantages include the abundance of
local labour and popularity of public transport. The unwillingness to relocate in case of expropriation,
and failure to consider daily living standards of citizens pose a major disadvantage, however. On the
side, political and environmental aspects of implementing the master plan, presented relatively more
opportunities than challenges. Fast and forward, the Government has set high standards of green
transport policies that are interwoven by other policy aspects in urban planning. The topographic
landscape of the City of Kigali presents a major multi-aspectual disadvantage, however.
Keywords: Kigali, transport master plan, road network, urban planning.
The trend of the population increase combined with the global climate change and the rising energy prices make sustainable mobility a big issue for urban communities. Since in urban areas it is in act a process of infrastructure development, the modernization of Light Rail Vehicle (LRV), whose final purpose is to intensify the urban transport network in an environmentally friendly way (reduction of visual and noise pollution), will be chased too. This paper is focused on a study developed in the North of Italy (Brescia) and its target is to plan a new tramline without catenary to reduce the urban and architectural impact of infrastructure. In this way, it is possible to reduce the environmental impact especially in specific areas of an urban centre. The work analyses the use of the batteries and the main parameters to size the storage system technology in order to supply the tram correctly whenever it crosses the catenary free section.
