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ICT securities externality productivity framework, intensive growth theory (labour productivity). Modified from Ahmed (2018)
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This study aims to model information and communications technology (ICT) cybersecurity negative externalities spillover effects on sustainable economic growth. Three productivity frameworks and models were developed to measure ICT cybersecurity negative externalities spillover effects on sustainable economic growth. An econometric and growth accoun...
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Citations
... Researchers have developed assessment systems for the DE development index, incorporating indicators like digital financial index, digital technology, and information and communication technology. These studies explore the impact of the DE on economic growth and consumption enhancement(Ahmed, 2021;Qian, Tao, ...
This research examines the assessing growth and spatial-temporal evolution of China’s digital economy. There exists a notable imbalance in the advancement of the digital economy across different districts in China. To gain a comprehensive understanding of China's digital economy’s development, this study establishes an evaluation system to assess the level of digital economic growth. By employing metrics such as the difference coefficient, Moran’s I, and Moran scatter plot, the research delves into the spatial distribution characteristics of China's regional digital economy using provincial panel data from 2013 to 2020. The findings reveal a consistent alignment between the distribution of the regional digital economy and the country's geographical layout, with the development level regularly decreasing from east to west. The decreasing overall difference coefficient indicates a gradual convergence in the development level of the regional digital economy. Moreover, substantial spatial autocorrelation is observed, suggesting the formation of a relatively stable spatial pattern in the development of the digital economy.
... The use of the generalized method of moments methodology is tailored to address the specific challenges presented by China's regional disparities. By contrasting this approach with the broader models employed by Kshetri (2010) and Ahmed (2021), the analysis demonstrates a more robust framework that accounts for regional heterogeneity and temporal dynamics. This refinement is essential for understanding the varied impacts of cybercrime across different regions, as generalized models often fail to capture these critical distinctions. ...
This study investigates the relationship between cybercrime and economic growth across China’s 28 provinces from 2005 to 2022, utilizing a comprehensive empirical model that integrates both provincial and annual fixed effects. Our findings reveal a significant negative impact of cybercrime on economic growth, underscoring the pressing challenge that cybercriminal activities pose to economic development. Through the application of the generalized method of moments methodology, we validate these findings, enhancing the credibility of our conclusions. An additional layer of analysis through a heterogeneity test reveals varied impacts across regions, with the eastern region most adversely affected, followed by the central and western regions. This regional disparity highlights the necessity for cybersecurity policies that are specifically tailored to the unique economic and digital landscapes of each region. Our research contributes valuable insights into the economic consequences of cybercrime in China, underscoring the critical need for targeted policy interventions to counteract these negative effects and foster economic resilience.
... The revision of the 17 SDGs should be undertaken and linked to the new digital technology or there is a danger that the SDGs will not be achieved by 2030. Ahmed (2021Ahmed ( , 2023 discusses the issues that need to be considered in any review of the 17 SDGs. He looks into the development and policy implications of cross-border flows of big digital data as a principal to all fast-evolving digital technologies. ...
PURPOSE: This objective of this study is to assess and review the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in light of digital technology developed by the digital revolution, innovation and climate change integration, COVID-19, world global wars, conflicts and natural disasters and their implications for the implementation of the 2030 Agenda. METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: A descriptive review analysis approach is employed to assess the externalities associated with the purpose of the study. FINDINGS: Ensuring that all countries have the capacity to track progress towards the SDGs is critical for the overall success of the 2030 Agenda. Data gaps influence the understanding of progress of 2030 Agenda because of biased conclusions. The SDGs reporting framework should be changed and updated to accommodate these externalities. If this does not happen, a large proportion of the population miss vital information about what are considered good policies. ORIGINALITY/VALUE: This study contributes to the body of knowledge by suggesting revisions of SDGs based on the theme of this paper.
CITATION: Ahmed, E.M (2024): Sustainable Development Goals revision in light of digital revolution innovation and climate change integration, global conflicts, pandemics and disasters.
... The digital economy permeates all spheres of life, influencing virtually every new management concept. Its impact on sustainable development, including environmental protection, or the social aspect of the [34]. The digital economy is recognised as a modern instrument of economic development [35]. ...
The present study delves into a critical concern on the relationship between energy poverty, digital and social development and inclusive growth. The main research hypothesis assumes a positive relationship between these areas, although differences between countries are inevitable. Therefore, the following research questions were asked: Is the impact of the level of energy poverty on inclusive growth the same in different EU countries? How does the use of renewable energy sources in individual countries affect energy poverty and thus inclusive growth? What is the link between energy poverty, digital and social development and inclusive growth in the countries studied. This study uses a critical analysis of the literature and methods of descriptive and mathematical–statistical tools/model. The main conclusions and findings of the analysis reveal that the link between energy poverty, use of renewable energy resources, digital and social development and inclusive growth varies across EU countries. The results of our analyses may be useful, for example, for government decision makers in terms of actions aimed at eliminating energy poverty through the country’s use of sustainable energy sources as well as designing and implementing actions aimed at increasing digital and social development, which will then contribute to inclusive growth.
... From a theoretical point of view, the analysis of the effects of ICTs on factor productivity goes back to the theories of exogenous and endogenous growth. These literatures identify six complementary and interrelated transmission channels between ICTs and economic growth: the multiplier effect due to investment in ICTs; the "deflator" effect of controlling inflation following the fall in prices in this sector, which has repercussions in other sectors; the capital/labor substitution effect reflecting an improvement in labor efficiency; the "quality" effect reflecting the consequences of improved ICT characteristics on the production of goods and services; the "total factor productivity" effect, reflecting the acceleration in productivity following investment in ICT; and finally, the "spillovers" effect, which refers to technological externalities in the economy and the increase in the level of innovation in other sectors (Ahmed, 2020;Zhang & Danish, 2019). ...
This paper re-examines Solow’s productivity paradox through the prism of the joint use of ICT tools. On the one hand, the joint use of ICT tools implies heterogeneous, hierarchical, and complementary skills and, on the other hand, constitutes a larger consumption network. This study uses data from the enterprise survey conducted by the World Bank on a representative sample of 361 Cameroonian firms to re-examine this productivity paradox. These data have the advantage of providing information on the characteristics and productivity of firms, as well as on the different types of ICT used. Methodologically, the study uses a Tobit model with instrumental variables to take account of ICT endogeneity problems and the truncated, censored nature of our productivity measure. The main results suggest that (i) the use of a single ICT tool (mobile money, website, or email) has a positive but insignificant effect on worker productivity; (ii) the use of two or more of these tools (email-mobile money, email-website, mobile money-email-website) positively and significantly affects worker productivity, by 5.881, 6.189, and 8.881 points, respectively; (iii) company size, sector of activity, and previous productivity positively and significantly affect labor productivity. This study argues in favor of the joint use of ICT tools requiring different, complementary, and prioritized skills in order to significantly increase productivity. Specifically, it is in the interests of large companies and companies in the industrial and service sectors to mobilize several ICT tools requiring complementary skills.
... Globalization and digitalization-associated disadvantages in the form of negative externalities cannot be avoided around the globe in the form of environmental damages, negative social changes to societies, and cybercrimes across borders. Ahmed (2021) treats the ICT cybersecurity's negative externality spillover effects as compared to the negative externalities caused by pollutants' emissions both expanded through globalization and digitalization around the globe. In this respect, the digital technology cyber security negative externalities key uneasiness is the externalities of undesirable output produced by the digital technology cyber negative externalities activities in the form of cybercrimes, and human properties sufferers concerns due to these cybercrimes; an investment in the security system to protect digital technology applications considered to be an additional cost. ...
This chapter aims at contributing to the benefits of linking globalization and digitalization to develop the digital economy and digital inclusion, fills knowledge gaps, and completes the digital transformation of the globalization-enhanced economy. The policy implications will be created based on this chapter significant findings to be employed by the economy's policymakers, industry players, academics, international organizations, and other concerned institutions around the world as globalization and digitalization platforms to instrument the sustainable development goals (SDGs) to realize sustainable digital economies and businesses around the globe. To guarantee improved consistency, one ought to employ this review globalization and digitalization findings to examine the SDGs sustainability issues in general and digital technologies (big data analytics applications) as positive externalities and tackle the negative externalities brought by the environmental damages in the undesirable output generated in the form of pollutants emissions to achieve innovation and environmental integration.
... A broad economic view of cybersecurity is proposed by Rathod and Hämäläinen, who formulate public policy recommendations aimed at adapting policies and regulations to ensure trust in the digital environment, and also postulate a combination of economic and cybersecurity analysis that provides reference points for the economic assessment of national and international cybersecurity audits and standards [10]. Meanwhile, Ahmed notes that cybercrime costs companies and countries significant amounts of money and disrupts economic and financial activities around the world [11]. Estimates of the financial and physical costs associated with cybercrime motivate investment in cybersecurity. ...
The socio-economic development that has taken place in recent years takes into account cybersecurity issues. Cybersecurity has many different dimensions, including the economic dimension. The Russian-Ukrainian conflict has shown that modern war is not only conventional, but also cybernetic. Earlier, the massive shift to remote communication systems forced by COVID also increased the demand for cybersecurity. This means that cybersecurity com- panies receive new orders, which can have a positive impact on their financial results. In the opinion of many experts, investing in such companies could be a good business. The research conducted in this article focuses on testing assumptions related to the rec- ognition of investments in technology companies as prospective investments. Therefore, this study examines the impact of Russia- Ukraine war (from February 2022 to December 2024) and the COVID pandemic (from March 2020 to February 2022) on the valuation of cybersecurity companies. The period from January 2015 to February 2020 was used as the comparative period. The research material consists of companies and stock indices from the American and Polish markets. The results of the research are inconclusive. In fact, there are some examples of companies that took advantage of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict to achieve above-average returns. Such a business is risky, which is why these companies are achiev- ing above-average returns with increased shares price volatility. However, it turns out that automatically assigning a company to the cyber or IT category does not mean that it will be a good invest- ment in times of war or pandemic.
... However, as an indicator of innovation, technological progress, and sustainability, total factor productivity (TFP) captures the spillover effects of innovation (Ahmed, 2020;Elfaki & Ahmed, 2024). Therefore, in this section, based on the models developed by existing studies (Ahmed, 2017(Ahmed, , 2020(Ahmed, , 2021, we include innovation in the growth accounting model to calculate TFP. Past studies have generally estimated coefficients by including different indicators in the Cobb-Douglas production function and plugging these coefficients into the modified model to calculate TFP (Ahmed, 2021;Ahmed & Kialashaki, 2023;Elfaki & Ahmed, 2024). ...
... Therefore, in this section, based on the models developed by existing studies (Ahmed, 2017(Ahmed, , 2020(Ahmed, , 2021, we include innovation in the growth accounting model to calculate TFP. Past studies have generally estimated coefficients by including different indicators in the Cobb-Douglas production function and plugging these coefficients into the modified model to calculate TFP (Ahmed, 2021;Ahmed & Kialashaki, 2023;Elfaki & Ahmed, 2024). The contribution of this paper is to apply this computational approach to the firm level and to include intellectual property and innovation in the model, developing a framework and model of firm TFP that has gone unnoticed in most studies. ...
This study aims to determine the relationship between judicial protection of intellectual property rights (IPRs), innovation, and firm performance. Using the establishment of intellectual property courts (IPCs) by the Chinese government in Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou in 2014 as a quasi-natural experiment, we build a difference in differences model to assess the impact of legal regulation on firm performance from a judicial perspective. The results show that the IPC reform significantly promotes the growth of firm performance, and this incentive effect is realized through the innovation quality mechanism. For different enterprises, the effect of IPC policy is more evident among firms with strong external funding dependence, large enterprise size, large spillover effects, and state ownership. In addition, we calculated sustainability indicators for firms and found that IPCs increased firms’ total factor productivity through quality-based innovation mechanisms. The important contribution of this study is that it fills a research gap in examining the impact of legal regulation on firms from a judicial perspective by identifying the relationship between judicial protection of IPRs, innovation, and business performance. This paper has implications for the promotion of judicial reform in countries with weak IPR systems, for developing countries like China, the judicial protection of IPRs should be increased to provide an institutional environment more conducive to enterprise development.
... In contrast, studies that discussed the same topic under the smart grid, smart government, smart business, and smart transportation systems were limited. One immediate impact of this finding on the digital economy is the reinforcement of the importance of investing in robust technological solutions and infrastructures, as well as developing risk management frameworks to mitigate the privacy and security risks associated with personal information in smart cities (Ahmed, 2021, Jnr et al., 2023, Jin, 2024. ...
Smart cities aim to deliver smart services that rely on emerging technologies to their users. In order for users to get the provided services, they need to share their personal information with different parties. However, sharing personal information in smart cities may impact the privacy of that information. Thus, there is a need to address privacy risks relevant to sharing personal information in smart cities. This study aims to address this issue by conducting a systematic literature review (SLR) to identify and extract privacy risks, impacts, and existing controls associated with sharing personal information, considering elements involved and interacting during the sharing activity in smart cities. A set of 83 selected studies in both academic and industry fields were reviewed, and the results were categorised into three main groups: privacy risks, impacts, and controls. Moreover, the implications and future research directions were also reported. The proposed privacy risk taxonomy will provide a much-needed foundation for the industry and research community, intending to research and evaluate privacy risk frameworks and design solutions for sharing personal information in smart cities.
... Third, to better assess the relevance of policies, the study provides forecast thresholds for technological spillovers. In this context, the present study departs from the recent literature on technology spillovers, which has focused on: energy efficiency (Zafar et al., 2021); industrialization (Hu et al., 2020); economic growth (Ahmed, 2021); energy efficiency (Zafar et al., 2021); and the environment (Wen et al., 2020). Fourth, the analysis is limited to SSA countries because the region is comparatively more affected by the consequences of CO2 emissions (Traor e et al., 2023). ...
Purpose
This study examines the relevance of information and communication technologies in the effect of gender economic inclusion on environmental sustainability.
Design/methodology/approach
The focus is on a panel of 42 sub-Saharan African countries over the period 2005–2020. The empirical evidence is based on generalized method of moments. The environmental sustainability indicator used is CO2 emissions per capita. Three indicators of women’s economic inclusion are considered: female labour force participation, female employment and female unemployment. The chosen ICT indicators are mobile phone penetration, Internet penetration and fixed broadband subscriptions.
Findings
The results show that: (1) fixed broadband subscriptions represent the most relevant ICT moderator of gender economic inclusion for an effect on CO2 emissions; (2) negative net effects are apparent for the most part with fixed broadband subscriptions (3) both positive ICT thresholds (i.e., critical levels for complementary policies) and negative ICT thresholds (i.e., minimum ICT levels for negative net effects) are provided; (4) ICT synergy effects are apparent for female unemployment, but not for female employment. In general, the joint effect of ICTs or their synergies and economic inclusion should be a concern for policymakers in order to better ensure sustainable development. Moreover, the relevant ICT policy thresholds and mobile phone threshold for complementary policy are essential in promoting a green economy.
Originality/value
The study complements the extant literature by assessing linkages between information technology, gender economic inclusion and environmental sustainability.
