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Morphometric analysis of any watershed and its prioritization is one of the important aspects of planning for implementation of management programmes. Present study evaluates the quantitative morphometric characteristics of Nagmati River watershed in Kutch District of Gujarat by utilizing Cartosat-1 data (CartoDEM). In all 19 aerial and 6 linear mo...
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Prioritization of watershed has picked up significance in watershed management. Morphometic analysis is been commonly applied to prioritize the watershed. The present study makes an effort to organize subwatersheds dependent on morphometric characteristics using GIS techniques in Part of Cauvery region. There are twenty three Subwatersheds under th...
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... For instance, the authors in Ref. [31] focused on positioning check dams by prioritizing sub-watersheds using the sediment yield index (SYI) model index. The authors in Ref. [32] conducted research in the Guhiya basin due to the sediment yield index; additionally, the authors in Ref. [33] examined the Nagmati river watershed for soil and water conservation activities. The authors in Ref. [15] developed a GIS-based tool for catchment prioritization to minimize potential uncertainties. ...
Soil erosion has several significant impacts on human and environmental activities that make it an important topic with significant worldwide ramifications. Analyzing morphometric indices provides essential insights into watershed geomorphology, which is key to forecasting and assessing diverse natural hazard dynamics. To ensure effective and sustainable watershed management and resource distribution, it is essential to identify critical catchments or prioritize sub-catchments. In this study, morphometric analysis and prioritization were applied to 15 sub-catchments within the Wadi Haly catchment to identify the one most susceptible to soil erosion. This research focuses on the analysis of 15 sub-catchments within the Wadi Haly catchment in Saudi Arabia, utilizing GIS tools alongside various parameters to guide both short- and long-term catchment management. A combined parameter, developed from several morphometric indices for each sub-catchment, was used to classify the Wadi Haly catchment into three levels of soil erosion risk. The results show that sub-catchments 1, 7, 11, 12, and 13, with areas of 694.1 km², 517.87 km², 677.99 km², 200.39 km², and 326.55 km², respectively, are contributing significantly to erosion in the region. In contrast, sub-catchments 3, 8, 9, 10, and 15 exhibit minimal erosion impact. To mitigate severe erosion, strategies such as contour farming, terracing, the use of filter strikes, as well as various structural or non-structural interventions could be applied.
... There are more streams and channels in basins with drainage densities, greater stream length ratios, and bifurcation ratios, which may lead to an increased risk of soil erosion [27]. Similarly, basins of higher stream frequencies and longer overland flow lengths are indicative of basins with higher volume and velocity, which, given their drainage patterns and flow characteristics, imply a larger potential for soil erosion [26,[64][65][66][67]. In the present study, the values of the bifurcation ratio range from 2.8 to 5.1 for Basins 2 and 1, respectively. ...
Soil erosion is one of the most significant problems in global environmental development. Assigning, analyzing, and quantifying the main physical characteristics of drainage basins are powerful keys in identifying regions where there is a higher risk of soil erosion and where prompt mitigation actions are needed. Drainage basins and their drainage systems are ideally defined using the analysis morphometric parameters and their quantitative description. The present study aims to analyze morphometric parameters to prioritize drainage basins that are prone to erosion. Topographic sheets and remotely sensed digital elevation model (DEM) datasets have been prepared and analyzed using geospatial techniques to delineate drainage basins of different sizes and extract different ordered drainage systems. Based on the analysis of morphometric parameters, the Rabigh area was divided into 12 drainage basins, which significantly contribute to determining soil erosion priority levels. The present study selected and applied the most effective morphometric parameters to rank and prioritize the drainage basins of the study area after considering the crucial quantitative characteristics, such as linear, relief, and areal aspects. For each single basin, the compound factor was assigned from several morphometric parameters and applied to rank the Rabigh area. The results confirm that Basins 1, 4, 11, and 12 require a high level of soil erosion priority over an area of 2107 km²; however, Basins 3, 8, 9, and 10 have little degradation and a low level of soil erosion priority. Therefore, in the regions where high soil erosion is a factor, mitigation techniques such as terracing, filter strips, contouring, and other effective and useful structural and non-structural methods should be applied.
... Micro-watershed prioritization is employed to pinpoint precarious zones with high corrosion events so that pertinent conservation actions can be taken to lessen soil corrosion in the area. The morphometric parameters, i.e., bifurcation ratio (Rb), compactness coefficient (Cc), drainage density (Dd), stream frequency (Fs), drainage texture (T), form factor (Ff), circularity ratio (Rc), and elongation ratio (Re), are also called erosion risk assessment factors and have been applied for prioritizing watersheds (Javed et al. 2011;Somashekar et al. 2011;Bhatt and Ahmed 2014;Krishnan et al. 2017;Wu et al. 2017;Said et al. 2018; Abebe 2020; Asfaw and Workineh 2019; Bogale and Gope 2021; Krishnan and Ramasamy et al. 2022). The linear factors, particularly drainage viscosity, stream frequency, bifurcation ratio, and drainage texture, likely increase with erodibility. ...
Soil loss is a substantial peril to agricultural production and economic growth in the global world. Rainfall, slope, and cover management have triggered soil erosion risk in the southwestern hills of Ethiopia, yet little is known about the effects of topography via hydro-geomorphic characters on soil loss in the upper Bilate watershed. Therefore, this study was undertaken to evaluate the topographic effects of soil loss for micro-watershed prioritization using morphometric analysis and satellite image data. The combination of basic, linear, and shape parameters were deliberated. DEM 20 m for hydrological analysis, and Sentinel-2 A image, and soil and rainfall as ancillary data were considered. On the premise of their links with erodibility, the morphometric parameters were considered to set the micro-watersheds and demote spots on the premise of their links with erodibility to obtain compound parameters (Cp) esteem for prioritization. The result revealed that about 38.8% of the total catchment suffering from very high-to-high topographic effects of soil erosion in the upper Bilate watershed. The micro-watershed (MWSDs 8 and 6) has a very high priority; MWSDs 3, 5, 11, and 16 have a high priority; and MWSDs 17, 18, and 10 have a low to very low priority. The combination of morphometric parameters has triggered the soil loss vulnerability for deemed priority watersheds, and this will have a great implication on food security, thereby paralyzing the regional economy in the watershed. Therefore, paying for substantial economic and political status for defenseless micro-watersheds is required for land preservation measures.
... The present study critically evaluates and assesses various morphometric parameters involving the prioritization among the 4 subbasins of Muvattupuzha River Basin, in relation to the susceptibility to groundwater depletion risk to define a baseline of data. Hence the investigation can be used for the conservation and development of surface and groundwater resources in the river basin area in terms of watershed management and protecting the natural environment (Said et al., 2018). ...
The combined consequences of unregulated farming practices and increasingly erosive precipitations due to climate change pose significant threats to watersheds in tropical regions. Sustainable river basin development can be achieved by implementing water resources conservation and techniques. Morphometric analysis has become an essential step for watershed prioritization in sustainable river basin development. This study investigates the morphometric parameters of four sub-basins within the Muvattupuzha basin to identify potential strategies for water conservation. Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques were employed to analyze various morphometric parameters. Different geo morphometric features were analyzed to assess the susceptibility of the sub-basins regard to groundwater depletion so that locations in need of urgent attention can be given priority. Variables that directly and adversely affect the groundwater depletion risk were used in the ranking of the prioritization process. Ranks for various geomorphometric criteria of each subbasin were averaged to get compound values for final prioritization. Thodupuzha and Kaliyar sub-basins with low compound factor, receive a very high and high priority respectively, while Muvattupuzha and Kothamangalam with higher compound value need moderate priority. The study offers important information to planners and managers of watersheds, where programs and project implementation must be given priority. The same data could be very useful for providing insight into other criteria-specific prioritization in river basin development programs.
... Many studies have been conducted on sub-watershed prioritization and management in order to assess erosion-prone regions based on morphometry, LULC, soil type, and so on (Sreedhar et al. 2016;Said et al. 2018;Adhami et al. 2019;Sharma & Mahajan 2020;Sarkar et al. 2020). Change in LULC is a major issue in global environmental change. ...
Water resource management is critical in the face of climate change to reduce water scarcity and meet the demands of an expanding population. Prioritization of watersheds has gained significance in natural resource management, particularly in the context of watershed management. This study prioritizes sub-watersheds for the Peddavagu basin using five methods. The four methods mentioned above can be estimated utilizing remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS) approaches, while linear discriminant analysis (LDA) is estimated using machine learning techniques. The catchment resulted in the formation of 13 sub-watersheds. The quantitative measurements of morphometric analysis, including linear, relief, and areal, were considered, and 18 morphometric characteristics were chosen to rank and prioritize sub-watersheds. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to rank and prioritize sub-watersheds based on four highly correlated morphometric parameters. The land use/land cover (LULC) analysis used four features to prioritize sub-watersheds. The LDA analysis used two features to prioritize sub-watersheds. Using hypsometric integral (HI) values, prioritization has been done. Sub-watersheds were prioritized. Based on five methods, the sub-watersheds were classified as low, medium, and high. Among the sub-watersheds identified as high priority, immediate priority is assigned to SW10. Decision-makers in the research region can use the findings to plan and implement watershed management techniques.
HIGHLIGHTS
A novel machine learning, specifically a linear discriminant analysis technique, was proposed for the prioritization of watersheds.;
SW10 stands out as the top choice for ensuring efficient watershed management as per requirements.;
The study's outcomes provide decision-making authorities with valuable information to guide the implementation of sustainable watershed management initiatives.;
... The ruggedness number, basin relief, and relative relief values were measured the highest in the Ezine Stream Basin. Hypsometric integral (HI), a geomorphological parameter, shows the stage of basin development (Said et al. 2018). The shape shown by Hc gives information about erosion and sediment transport (López-Ramos et al. 2022). ...
This study aims to analyze the flood disaster that occurred in Kastamonu-Bozkurt in 2021 through the morphometric parameters of the basin. In the study, the Basin of Ezine Stream, which is the flood experienced most effectively, was analyzed together with the neighboring basins. Bozkurt flood is one of the most destructive floods in the history of Türkiye. As a result of the floods that occurred in Kastamonu and neighboring provinces on 10th - 12th August 2021, 82 people lost their lives. The Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of the study area was created with a cell size of 10*10 m using topography maps, and the boundaries of the basins to be analyzed with the ArcGIS-Archydro Module were determined. 30 indices were applied to these basins within the scope of shape (geometric), areal and relief morphometric features of the basins. The relationship between morphometric parameters was determined with the Pearson correlation coefficient. When the analysis results are evaluated for the Basin of Ezine Stream, it is the basin with the largest area, and the largest value of basin relief, relative relief and ruggedness. As a result, erosional activities and the risk of flood are high. When all basins are evaluated in general, it has been revealed that the shape of basins are more elongated, and the features of relief morphometry facilitate the formation of floods. Basin relief, relative relief, dissection degree, slope values, and average slope values are high for all basins; and both the amount of water added to the overland flow and the speed of the overland flow increased. This situation also increased the amount of material carried during the flood. Constructions built close to the stream bed increased the effect of the flood. Depending on the global climate change, the study area corresponds to the area where the change in daily maximum precipitation varies between 5-10%. Therefore, floods are likely to continue. For this reason, it is recommended to consider geometric, areal and relief morphometric features of the basins along with the climatic features of the basins while taking the necessary precautions. According to CORINE land cover data, urban areas in the Ezine Stream Basin increased by over 100% between 1990 and 2018, which is also affected by disastrous floods and overflows. Conservation and strengthening of natural vegetation in the study area will reduce the damage level of floods and overflows.
... The watershed is the hydrological unit for management of natural resources and is regarded as the basic unit for planning and execution of soil and water conservation strategies (Sadeghi 2021). Therefore, the study basin was delineated into 14 sub-watersheds by defining the pour points (watershed outlet points) at suitable locations in accordance with the size of the sub-watershed and stream density at that particular region (Said et al. 2018;Bharath et al. 2021). ...
The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) integrated with the sediment delivery ratio (SDR) model employed in the GIS environment has been used to quantify the soil erosion and sediment yield for a small reservoir (Takarla dam) located in the Kandi region of Punjab, India. The catchment area of Takarla dam is 72.6 ha. The various layers including rainfall erosivity factor, soil erodibility factor, Slope length and steepness factor and crop management factor were prepared in ArcGIS to estimate the average annual soil loss. The SDR for the dam watershed was obtained by employing different empirical equations. The sedimentation rate and sediments collected in the dam was assessed for the last 20 years. The results of the present study revealed that the average annual soil loss varied from 0 to 12.8 t ha-1 year-1 for Takarla dam. The sediments deposited in the dam over 20 years estimated to be 142603.8 tonnes. The results of the present study may provide an insight for policy makers to design and execute the watershed management practices to reduce erosion hazard and sediment accumulation in the reservoirs.
... Several studies have used the approach of integrating various thematic maps using geospatial tools for locating potential groundwater zones [12][13][14][15][16]. Similarly, studies have also been carried out on aspects of natural resources and development planning using remote sensing and GIS technologies [14,[17][18][19][20][21][22]. Using various biophysical, socioeconomic, and technical parameters with a multi-criteria approach, geospatial techniques have been widely used in the assessment of land suitability for prioritization [23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. ...
Identifying suitable watersheds is a prerequisite to operationalizing planning interventions for agricultural development. With the help of geospatial tools, this paper identified suitable watersheds across Nigeria using biophysical parameters to aid agricultural planning. Our study included various critical thematic layers such as precipitation, temperature, slope, land-use/land-cover (LULC), soil texture, soil depth, and length of growing period, prepared and modeled on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. Using expert knowledge, scores were assigned to these thematic layers, and a priority map was prepared based on the combined weighted average score. We also validated priority watersheds. For this, the study area was classified into three priority zones ranging from 'high' to 'low'. Of the 277 watersheds identified, 57 fell in the high priority category, implying that they are highly favorable for interventions. This would be useful for regional-scale water resource planning for agricultural landscape development.
... The watershed is the hydrological unit for management of natural resources and is regarded as the basic unit for planning and execution of soil and water conservation strategies (Sadeghi 2021). Therefore, the study basin was delineated into 14 sub-watersheds by defining the pour points (watershed outlet points) at suitable locations in accordance with the size of the sub-watershed and stream density at that particular region (Said et al. 2018;Bharath et al. 2021). ...
Erosion of soil by water coupled with human activities is considered as one of the most serious agents of land degradation, posing severe threat to agricultural productivity, soil health, water quality, and ecological setup. The assessment of soil erosion and recognition of problematic watersheds are pre-requisite for management of erosion hazards. In the present study, Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) integrated with remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS) has been used to assess the soil erosion in lower Sutlej River basin of Punjab, India, and prioritize the watersheds for implementation of land and water conservation measures. The total basin area was about 8577 km2 which was divided into 14 sub-watersheds with the area ranging from 357.8 to 1354 km2 . The data on rainfall (IMD gridded data), soil characteristics (FAO soil map), topography (ALOS PALSAR DEM) and land use (ESRI land use and land cover map) were prepared in the form of raster layers and overlaid together to determine the average annual soil loss. The results revealed that the average annual soil loss varied from 1.26 to 25 t ha−1, whereas total soil loss was estimated to be 2,441,639 tonnes. The spatial distribution map of soil erosion showed that about 94.4% and 4.7% of the total area sufered from very slight erosion (0–5 t ha−1 year−1) and slight erosion (5–10 t ha−1 year−1), respectively, whereas 0.11% (9.38 km2) experienced very
severe soil loss (>25 t ha−1 year−1). Based on estimated average annual soil loss of sub-watersheds, WS8 was assigned the highest priority for implementation of soil and water conservation measures (323.5 t ha−1 year−1), followed by WS9 (303.8 t ha−1 year−1), whereas WS2 was given last priority owing to its lowest value of soil loss (122.02 t ha−1 year−1). The present study urges that conservation strategies should be carried out in accordance with the priority ranking of diverse watersheds. These findings can certainly be used to implement soil conservation plans and management practices in order to diminish soil loss in the river basin.
... Several studies have used the approach of integrating various thematic maps using geospatial tools for locating potential groundwater zones [12][13][14][15][16]. Similarly, studies have also been carried out on aspects of natural resources and development planning using remote sensing and GIS technologies [14,[17][18][19][20][21][22]. Using various biophysical, socioeconomic, and technical parameters with a multi-criteria approach, geospatial techniques have been widely used in the assessment of land suitability for prioritization [23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. ...
Identifying suitable watersheds is a prerequisite to operationalizing planning interventions for agricultural development. With the help of geospatial tools, this paper identified suitable watersheds across Nigeria using biophysical parameters to aid agricultural planning. Our study included various critical thematic layers such as precipitation, temperature, slope, land-use/land-cover (LULC), soil texture, soil depth, and length of growing period, prepared and modeled on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. Using expert knowledge, scores were assigned to these thematic layers, and a priority map was prepared based on the combined weighted average score. We also validated priority watersheds. For this, the study area was classified into three priority zones ranging from ‘high’ to ‘low’. Of the 277 watersheds identified, 57 fell in the high priority category, implying that they are highly favorable for interventions. This would be useful for regional-scale water resource planning for agricultural landscape development.
