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Green synthesis is one of the most valuable and emerging methods for the synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) nowadays, presenting imperative biological benefits, reduced process time, cost-effectiveness, and environmental benefits, as an alternative to physical and chemical processes. Silver, a noble metal, possess unique properties and potential appl...
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Different conventional therapeutic procedures are utilized globally to manage cancer cases, yet the mortality rate in patients with cancer remains considerably high. Developments in the field of nanotechnology have included novel therapeutic strategies to deal with cancer. Biogenic (green) metallic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) obtained using plant-...
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... Nanotechnology is the engineering of atoms and materials/molecules at a nanoscale level, spanning from 1 to 100 nm [113]. In this contemporary epoch, natural products like plants, marines, and bee products are used to biogenesis nanoparticles and nanocomposites [114]. When compared to their counterparts that are generated via physical and chemical processes, natural productbased or green nanoparticles are distinguished by being more ecofriendly, affordable, nontoxic, and less expensive [115]. ...
Viscum album has been employed traditionally to treat various ailments including as add-on therapy for cancer treatment. V. album formulations have been employed as adjuvants in cancer treatment due to their immunomodulatory activities as well as to alleviate the side effects of conventional cancer therapies. The present review provides updated information from the past 10 years on the immunomodulatory activity and inhibitory effects of V. album on cancer cells, its safety profile, and recent nanotechnology development. V. album extracts and their bioactive phytochemicals, particularly lectins, viscotoxins, and polyphenols, have demonstrated immunomodulatory activity and inhibitory effects against various types of cancer, with low cytotoxicity and side effects, in experimental studies and demonstrated promising anticancer activity in clinical studies in cancer patients. V. album extracts have been shown to enhance immune function by promoting cytokine secretion and inducing both innate and adaptive immune responses, which can help improve immune surveillance against cancer cells. The development of V. album nanoparticles has boosted their biological activities, including inhibitory activity on cancer cells, and could possibly reduce undesired side effects of the plant. Further prospective studies on the plant as a source of new medicinal agents for use as an adjuvant in the treatment of cancer must be performed to provide sufficient efficacy and safety data.
... The synthesis of nanoparticles offers a green, simple, flexible, and sustainable method that has gained significant attention in recent years [10]. Most plant extracts contain a diverse array of biomolecules rich in various functional groups, including flavonoids, polyphenols, anthocyanins, terpenoids, and more [11,12]. The use of plant extracts in nanoparticle synthesis allows for the incorporation of these beneficial biomolecules, potentially enhancing the therapeutic properties of the resulting nanoparticles. ...
This present study deals with the synthesis of gelatin-loaded zinc oxide nanocomposites (GN/ZnONCs) using Coccinia indica seed extract using the green preparative method. Synthesized GN/ZnONCs were confirmed by using various characterization techniques for chemical and physical properties. The results of the UV–Vis spectral absorption peak showed 235 nm, and the FTIR study confirmed the presence of various functional groups. The XRD study illustrated the crystalline structure of GN/ZnONCs. The DLS measurement indicated a stable size of 82.11 nm, with a zeta potential value demonstrating high stability at -20 mV. SEM images displayed the morphology of cauliflower-like spherical shapes and revealed their average particle size, respectively. The 100 µg/mL concentration of GN/ZnONCs exhibited higher antibacterial efficiencies against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Subsequently, the GN/ZnONCs also exhibited excellent antioxidant properties in the DPPH assay (92.61 ± 2.45%), the ABTS assay (76.35 ± 1.54%), and the hydroxyl scavenging assay (88.42 ± 1.73%) at 100 μg/ml concentration. In addition, GN/ZnONCs treatment on the cancer cell line HT-29 showed good anticancer activity with an IC50 value of 45.4 μg/mL. Furthermore, wound healing experiments with enriched GN/ZnONCs with the highest contraction of 98.37 ± 1.45 confirmed faster wound healing and a greater role in the formation of new tissues and cells. The study indicates that green synthesized GN/ZnONCs had anti-bacterial, anti-cancer, and wound healing properties that were also eco-friendly and cost-effective, and the possible mechanisms were illustrated for biomedical applications.
... renewable Cassia fistula extract as a powerful capping and stabilising agent, biofriendly and environmentally friendly methods are developed to create zinc oxide nanomaterial [25]. Due to the rising demand for silver, a noble metal with special qualities and potential medical uses, new and appropriate production methods are needed [26]. The use of various extracts from several Euphorbia plant species to produce silver nanoparticles in a sustainable manner. ...
The escalating global challenge of antimicrobial resistance demands innovative approaches. This review delves into the current status and future prospects of bioengineered metallic nanoparticles derived from natural sources as potent antimicrobial agents. The unique attributes of metallic nanoparticles and the abundance of natural resources have sparked a burgeoning field of research in combating microbial infections. A systematic review of the literature was conducted, encompassing a wide range of studies investigating the synthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial mechanisms of bioengineered metallic nanoparticles. Databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Springer, Taylor & Francis online and OpenAthen were extensively searched to compile a comprehensive overview of the topic. The synthesis methods, including green and sustainable approaches, were examined, as were the diverse biological sources used in nanoparticle fabrication. The amalgamation of metallic nanoparticles and natural products has yielded promising antimicrobial agents. Their multifaceted mechanisms, including membrane disruption, oxidative stress induction, and enzyme inhibition, render them effective against various pathogens, including drug-resistant strains. Moreover, the potential for targeted drug delivery systems using these nanoparticles has opened new avenues for personalized medicine. Bioengineered metallic nanoparticles derived from natural sources represent a dynamic frontier in the battle against microbial infections. The current status of research underscores their remarkable antimicrobial efficacy and multifaceted mechanisms of action. Future prospects are bright, with opportunities for scalability and cost-effectiveness through sustainable synthesis methods. However, addressing toxicity, regulatory hurdles, and environmental considerations remains crucial. In conclusion, this review highlights the evolving landscape of bioengineered metallic nanoparticles, offering valuable insights into their current status and their potential to revolutionize antimicrobial therapy in the future.
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... The synergistic combination of algae and bacteria in a composite system further enhances dye removal efficiency. Various studies reported a significant reduction in dye concentrations using Chlorella vulgaris and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a composite system, underscoring the potential of such systems in water treatment applications (Brennan and Owende, 2010;Rajoriya et al., 2021). ...
This research investigates into the efficacy of algae and algae-bacteria symbiosis (ABS) in efficiently decolorizing Remazol Red 5B, a prevalent dye pollutant. The investigation encompasses an exploration of the biosorption isotherm and kinetics governing the dye removal process. Additionally, various machine learning models are employed to predict the efficiency of dye removal within a co-culture system. The results demonstrate that both Desmodesmus abundans and a composite of Desmodesmus abundans and Rhodococcus pyridinivorans exhibit significant dye removal percentages of 75 ± 1% and 78 ± 1%, respectively, after 40 min. The biosorption isotherm analysis reveals a significant interaction between the adsorbate and the biosorbent, and it indicates that the Temkin model best matches the experimental data. Moreover, the Langmuir model indicates a relatively high biosorption capacity, further highlighting the potential of the algae-bacteria composite as an efficient adsorbent. Decision Trees, Random Forest, Support Vector Regression, and Artificial Neural Networks are evaluated for predicting dye removal efficiency. The Random Forest model emerges as the most accurate, exhibiting an R2 value of 0.98, while Support Vector Regression and Artificial Neural Networks also demonstrate robust predictive capabilities. This study contributes to the advancement of sustainable dye removal strategies and encourages future exploration of hybrid approaches to further enhance predictive accuracy and efficiency in wastewater treatment processes.
... One of the key advantages of using plant extracts is the ease and cost-effectiveness of extracting biomolecules compared to traditional synthesis methods. Most plant extracts contain a diverse array of biomolecules rich in various functional groups, including avonoids, polyphenols, anthocyanins, terpenoids, and more [12,13]. The use of plant extracts in nanoparticle synthesis allows for the incorporation of these bene cial biomolecules, potentially enhancing the therapeutic properties of the resulting nanoparticles. ...
This present study deals with the synthesis of gelatin-loaded zinc oxide nanocomposites (GN/ZnONCs) using Coccinia indica seed extract using the green preparative method. Synthesized GN/ZnONCs were confirmed by using various characterization techniques for chemical and physical properties. The results of the UV-Vis spectral absorption peak showed 182 nm, and the FTIR study has confirmed the presence of various functional groups. The XRD study illustrated the crystalline structure of GN/ZnONCs. The DLS measurement indicated a stable size of 189.18 nm, with a zeta potential value demonstrating high stability at −30 mV. SEM images displayed the morphology of cauliflower-like spherical shapes and revealed their average particle size, respectively. The 100 µg/mL concentration of GN/ZnONCs exhibited higher antibacterial efficiencies against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Subsequently, the GN/ZnONCs also exhibited excellent antioxidant properties in the DPPH assay (92.61 ± 2.45%), the ABTS assay (76.35 ± 1.54%), and the hydroxyl scavenging assay (88.42 ± 1.73%) at 100 μg/ml concentration. In addition, GN/ZnONCs treatment on the cancer cell line HT-29 showed good anticancer activity with an IC 50 value of 45.4 μg/mL. Furthermore, wound healing experiments with enriched GN/ZnONCs with the highest contraction of 98.37 ± 1.45 confirmed faster wound healing and a greater role in the formation of new tissues and cells. The study indicates that green synthesized GN/ZnONCs had anti-bacterial, anti-cancer, and wound healing properties that were also eco-friendly and cost-effective, and the possible mechanisms were illustrated for biomedical applications.
... These plant metabolites mainly include sugars, phenolic compounds, terpenoid sand flavonoids, along with alcohol (Rani et al.,2023). Different plant parts including leaves, stem, roots, buds along with fruits, seeds, and secretions like latex and other exudates can yield NPs (Rajoriya et al., 2021). Literature review shows that a large number of plants have been utilized for synthesis of AgNPs that include Mentha arvensis (Sharma et al., 2018), Curcuma longa (Maghimaa and Alharbi, 2020), Fenugreek Rizwana et al., 2021), Phyllanthus emblica (Dhar et al., 2021), Rhizophora stylosa (Willian et al., 2022) Azadirachta indica (Ansari et al., 2023), Parthenium hysterophorus (Leyu et al., 2023), Eupatorium adenophorum (Dua et al., 2023) and Vernonia amygdalina (Tesfaye et al., 2023). ...
Nanoparticle synthesis is gaining tremendous attention of researcher now a days. Due to high energy requirements and environmental risks associated with physical and chemical techniques, the utilization of plant sources is an attractive and effective choice for synthesis of nanoparticles. Current study has revealed the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) fabricating potential of aqueous leaf extract of Mentha sylvestris without any additional capping or stabilizing agent in a very cost effective as well as environmental friendly way. The bio-reduction of AgNPs was indicated by the change of colour in the AgNO3 solution. The characterization of the prepared AgNPs was carried out by employing sophisticated techniques including Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX), UV-visible spectrometry, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses. AgNPs exhibited an absorption peak value at 453 nm as revealed by the UV-visible spectral analysis whereas the reduction rate of the silver ions in was quantified by using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (FAAS). The particles were found to exhibit a crystalline zine averaging as 33.3 nm raging from a minimum of 16.2 to a maximum of 56.4 as confirmed by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the average crystalline size. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized by a variety of morphological shapes including spherical and rectangular shaped shown by SEM analysis. Presence of Elemental Ag validated the green synthesis of AgNPs confirmed by Energy dispersive X-ray analysis. Present study concludes that M. sylvestris species have great potential to bio-fabricate AgNPs in rapid and facetious way.
... NPs are highly sought after by the scientific community owing to their potential properties and significant technological implications [227]. Multiple studies have demonstrated the considerable advantages of combining NPs through a more environmentally sustainable approach that utilises natural resources, specifically plants. ...
Ricinus communis Linn. is a rapidly growing perennial herb (aka Eranda or castor plant) that has long been used to cure a range of ailments in traditional medicine. An extensive search on its ethnomedicinal, phytochemistry, and pharmacotherapeutic potential is completed by meticulously examining information retrieved from Web of Science, PubMed, SciFinder, Google Scholar, Embase, and Infrastructure databases.
The plant has yielded beneficial chemical compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, coumarins, terpenoids, sterols, and fatty acids. Several reports are available on the anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antiasthmatic, antifertility, antihistaminic, hepatoprotective, antimicrobial, free radical scavenging activities, antioxidant, and various other biological roles of the crude herb and its metabolites. This review comprehensively discusses the biopotential of R. communis in pain and inflammation, as evident from in vitro, in vivo, and clinical data, as well as safety and toxicity concerns, various market formulations, and drug-drug interactions. R. communis shows potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity possibly by NF-kB, Nrf2, RAF/ERK, Fas receptor, and caspase-mediate apoptosis and Wnt signalling pathways.
R. communis is widely distributed globally and is rich in bioactive phytoconstituents with multifaceted therapeutic roles. It modulates numerous inflammatory and biochemical markers and highlights its potential in the management of nociception and inflammation. These findings could pave the way for the identification and developing more effective strategies to combat nociception and inflammatory disorders.
... This technique is a cost-effective method that can be readily optimized. Nanoparticles synthesized through biological systems have been reported to possess a longer shelf life and increased stability, primarily due to the occurrence of natural capping [51]. It is reported that the cytotoxic mechanisms of AgNPs can include, increased leakage of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), DNA damage, in addition to an upregulation of autophagy and apoptosis related genes [6]. ...
... The influence of phytocompounds aids in the ability to manipulate the composition, size, and shape of NMs to control their function [2,3]. Further, natural capping agents such as peptides and polypeptide molecules increase the shelf life, stability and provides exceptional solution to the nanoaggregate formation of biologically produced NPs [4][5][6][7]. ...
A biogenic approach, particularly plant-mediated synthesis, is currently regarded as the sustainable approach for
synthesizing nanomaterials (NMs). The present investigation concentrates on the green fabrication of Ag/Ag2O
nanoparticles (NPs), ZnO NPs, and Ag/Ag2O/ZnO nanocomposites (NCs) via microwave irradiation using Murusi
peel (MP) and Kew peel (KP) aqueous extracts and comparatively determine their antioxidant potentials. The
synthesis parameters of Ag/Ag2O NPs, ZnO NPs, and Ag/Ag2O/ZnO NCs were optimized and characterized using
different analytical techniques. Surface plasmon resonance peaks appeared at 448–450 nm, 350–370 nm, and
400–500 nm for Ag/Ag2O NPs, ZnO NPs, and Ag/Ag2O/ZnO NCs, respectively. The scanning electron microscopic
images of both peel-mediated Ag/Ag2O NPs depicted quasi-spherical shapes aggregating on the flakeshaped
ZnO surface, leading to the Ag/Ag2O/ZnO NCs formation. Transition electron microscopic analysis
revealed the average particle sizes of MP and KP-mediated Ag/Ag2O NPs, ZnO NPs, and Ag/Ag2O/ZnO NCs as
13.58±1.32 nm, and 36.79±1.24 nm, 13.00±1.26 nm, and 10.28±1.25 nm, 28.37±1.39 nm, and 11.21±1.06
nm, respectively. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the synthesis of pure crystalline structures with a hexagonal
wurtzite structure for ZnO and a face-centered structure for Ag and Ag2O during the formation of Ag/
Ag2O/ZnO NCs. According to the research findings, MP and KP-mediated Ag/Ag2O/ZnO NCs displayed an
enhanced free radical scavenging effect for DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay with IC50 values of 54.13
±0.53 ppm and 51.41±1.27 ppm, respectively. At higher concentrations, the NCs exhibited a greater radical
scavenging potential for ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) assay, with the IC50 values
for MP and KP-mediated as 72.28±0.83 ppm and 65.78±1.29 ppm, respectively. Similarly, for the FRAP (Ferric
reducing antioxidant power) assay, MP and KP-mediated Ag/Ag2O/ZnO NCs demonstrated a higher antioxidant
potential, expressed in terms of ascorbic acid equivalents (AE), which were 46±0.7 (AE) mg/1 g and 50±1.1 (AE)
mg/1 g, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this study remains the first comparative analysis of synergistically
enhanced antioxidant potential of the agro-waste mediated Ag/Ag2O/ZnO NCs with their respective
NPs counterparts, Ag/Ag2O NPs and ZnO NPs. These research findings pave the path for sustainably utilizing
these NMs in biomedical applications.
... And Sinde S. S. 2023) [26,52,4,27] . Nanoparticles can be created using metals such metals and metal oxides, silicates, non-oxide ceramics, polymers, organic compounds, biomass, and biomolecules (Patil, A. M., et al. 2022;Rajoriya, Preeti, et al. 2021) [37] . Nanoparticles can take on much different morphology, such as balls, cylinders, platelets, tubes, etc. Golden and silver metal nanoparticles are excellent examples of inorganic nanoparticles with outstanding mechanical flexibility, wide availability, thorough mobility, strong compatibility, selective therapeutic products, and controlled drug release capabilities. ...
In this research, silver nanoparticles were synthesized from Butea monosperma for in-vitro α-amylase inhibitory and anti-inflammatory activity. Because of the improved microbiological resistance to antibiotics and medications, silver nanoparticles are rated the most positive due to their large volume surface region. As a result, green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using biomolecules derived from various plant sources in the form of extracts can be used for disease screening and physical and biological characterization of plant-derived silver nanoparticles. The green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from Butea monosperma leaf extract was the subject of the experiment. UV-visible spectroscopy, used to analyse biosynthesized Butea monosperma-AgNPs. The intensity of the peak broad range 200-800 nm in UV-Visual spectra, an in vitro anti-diabetic activity was evaluated by α-amylase inhibition method while anti-inflammatory by albumin denaturation assay. At the concentration of 1000 µl of compound, the sample A (water) and D (acetone) showed good α-Amylase Inhibitory activity and showed more percent inhibition of protein denaturation as compared with standard.
