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Hypobaric Hypoxia-Induced Oxide-Nitrosative Stress Mediating the Cognitive Impairment Modulating Effects of C. rotundus.
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Background: Since time immemorial, humans have identified several herbs to treat various ailments. With the advancement of science and state-of-the-art technologies, different herbal extracts and chemical constituents of herbs were identified as therapeutic targets. Cyperus rotundus, also called mustaka, is one of the most ancient herbs widely dist...
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... vivo hypobaric hypoxia-induced neuronal ROS, LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) release, and improved anti-oxidant decline, and regulated HIF-1α (Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression in vivo [55] (Figure 5). ...
Citations
... The rhizomes of this plant are considered one of the best medicines in Ayurveda (ancient and ancient science) and its Ayurvedic name is Nagamotha [14]. This plant is used to treat stomach and intestinal disorders, inflammatory diseases, menstrual irregularities, cancer, aging, atherosclerosis, pain, cystitis (bladder inflammation), prostatitis (prostate inflammation), arthritis, malaria, seizures, obesity, diarrhea, diabetes mellitus, and allergies [15,16]. Since stress is one of the undesirable characteristics of current societies and the use of medicinal plants has increased due to their safety and effectiveness in preventing and treating chronic diseases, and due to the effect of C. rotundus on memory in traditional medicine and the lack of reports of side effects, the current study was conducted to investigate the impacts of hydroalcoholic extract of C. rotundus rhizome on memory impairment caused by elevated platform. ...
... In the past decades, several reviews related to C. rotundus have been published. However, most of them focused on the traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological aspects (Sivapalan 2013;Pirzada et al. 2015;Al-Snafi 2016;Kumar et al. 2017;Bajpay et al. 2018;Kabir and Abbasi 2018;Kamala et al. 2018;Babiaka et al. 2021;Kandikattu et al. 2021;Bezerra and Pinheiro 2022;Kandikattu et al. 2021;Lu et al. 2022;Rita Yadav et al. 2022). There is no comprehensive overview concerning the separation, identification and analytical techniques of the chemical components of C. rotundus, not to mention an indepth data excavation of C. rotundus's common compatibility with other Chinese medicines (CMs). ...
... In the past decades, several reviews related to C. rotundus have been published. However, most of them focused on the traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological aspects (Sivapalan 2013;Pirzada et al. 2015;Al-Snafi 2016;Kumar et al. 2017;Bajpay et al. 2018;Kabir and Abbasi 2018;Kamala et al. 2018;Babiaka et al. 2021;Kandikattu et al. 2021;Bezerra and Pinheiro 2022;Kandikattu et al. 2021;Lu et al. 2022;Rita Yadav et al. 2022). There is no comprehensive overview concerning the separation, identification and analytical techniques of the chemical components of C. rotundus, not to mention an indepth data excavation of C. rotundus's common compatibility with other Chinese medicines (CMs). ...
... For instance, Kumar et al. summarized C. rotundus's traditional uses and pharmacological effects (Kumar et al. 2017). Medicinal applications, phytochemistry and pharmacology of C. rotundus were worked on (Sivapalan 2013;Pirzada et al. 2015;Kamala et al. 2018;Kandikattu et al. 2021). Plant morphology, distribution, phytochemical constituents and pharmacological activities of C. rotundus were focused on (Al-Snafi 2016; Bajpay et al. 2018;Kabir and Abbasi 2018). ...
Cyperus rotundus L. has been widely used in the treatment and prevention of numerous diseases in traditional systems of medicine around the world, such as nervous, gastrointestinal systems diseases and inflammation. In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), its rhizomes are frequently used to treat liver disease, stomach pain, breast tenderness, dysmenorrheal and menstrual irregularities. The review is conducted to summarize comprehensively the plant’s vernacular names, distribution, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology and analytical methods, along with the data mining for TCM prescriptions containing C. rotundus. Herein, 552 compounds isolated or identified from C. rotundus were systematically collated and classified, concerning monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, phenolics and phenolic glycosides, triterpenoids and steroids, diterpenoids, quinonoids, alkaloids, saccharides and others. Their pharmacological effects on the digestive system, nervous system, gynecological diseases, and other bioactivities like antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, insect repellent, anti-microbial activity, etc. were summarized accordingly. Moreover, except for the data mining on the compatibility of C. rotundus in TCM, the separation, identification and analytical methods of C. rotundus compositions were also systematically summarized, and constituents of the essential oils from different regions were re-analyzed using multivariate statistical analysis. In addition, the toxicological study progresses on C. rotundus revealed the safety property of this herb. This review is designed to serve as a scientific basis and theoretical reference for further exploration into the clinical use and scientific research of C. rotundus.
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... The plant is commonly known as "eso koriko", "ayaa ayaa", "ayaare", "ahihia ahihia", and "isholo i toho" by the Yorubas, Hausas, Fulfulde, Igbos and TIVs people of Nigeria respectively [10]. The plant is used in ethnomedicine for the treatment of stomach disorders, cancers, dysmenorrhea, mensural irregularities, blood disorders, leprosy, dysentery, spasms and inflammatory diseases [11,12]. Crude extracts from the plant have been reported to possess antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antimalarial, antiviral, antibacterial, antidiarrheal, and antioxidant properties that justify its usage in ethnomedicine [12][13][14]. ...
Oxidative stress has been linked to neurological diseases. The menace of stress is clinically curtailed by using synthetic drugs whose usage is associated with several draw backs. Recently, essential oils have shown promising antioxidant potential devoid of any side effect. The potential is a function of the type of phytochemicals whose presence in the oil varies from plant to plant. It is on this basis that this study investigated the antioxidant
potential of characterized essential oil from rhizomes of Nigerian grown Cyperus rotundus. Rhizomes (500 g) of C. rotundus were pulverized and hydrodistilled for three hours. The hydrodistillation afforded 0.125±0.02% (w/w) of essential oil. Gas Chromatography (GC) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) were used to characterize the oil and the characterization revealed abundance of sesquiterpenoids (85.9%). Major compounds in the oil were α-humulene (14.3%), caryophyllene oxide (12.3%), humulene1,2-epoxide (9.1%), valencene (8.2%), β-selinene (7.9%), β-caryophyllene (6.5%) and γgurjunene epoxide (5.4%). The antioxidant potential of the oil was established using radical scavenging assay. The oil showed antioxidant activity by scavenging free radicals of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) with IC50 of 32.60 μg/mL. Although the oil was not as active as butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT, IC50 of 18.12 μg/mL) that was used as standard, its activity revealed that it could serve as alternative to synthetic drugs to ameliorate the menace of oxidative stress after clinical approval.
