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Anxiety is common, yet often under-treated, among women in postmenopause. This study examined the effect of a hypnotic intervention designed to reduce hot flashes, on anxiety levels of postmenopausal women. Anxiety was assessed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Anxiety subscale, and a visual analog s...
Citations
... Frauen mit tieferem sozioökonomischem Status scheinen dabei anfälliger für psychologische Symptome zu sein [7]. Was alle gemeinsam haben, ist, dass die Präsenz von Angstzuständen einen deutlichen nachteiligen Effekt auf die Lebensqualität hat und spürbare Auswirkungen auf die beruflichen Aktivitäten hinterlässt [5,11,[13][14][15]. ...
... Als wirkungsvolle Therapieansätze werden auch Achtsamkeitstraining ("mindfulnessbased stress reduction" [MBSR]; [11]), Hypnose [15] und Akupunktur beschrieben [21]. All diese Methoden sind noch nicht umfassend untersucht, können aber bei der Behandlung von Angst in den Wechseljahren miteinbezogen werden. ...
... Hypnose kann bei einer Therapeutin, aber auch durch voraufgezeichnete Audioaufnahmen oder Selbsthypnose durchgeführt werden. Eine Studie zeigt Hinweise darauf, dass durch die Hypnose Angst bei Frauen in der Postmenopause reduziert werden kann [15]. Ebenfalls wird die der chinesischen Medizin angehörige Akupunkturtherapie als wirkungsvoller Behandlungsansatz beschrieben [21]. ...
Zusammenfassung
Frauen verbringen etwa ein Drittel ihres Lebens in der Peri- und Postmenopause, einer Phase, in der sie anfälliger für kognitive, körperliche und psychiatrische Erkrankungen, einschliesslich Angst, sind. Diese Arbeit konzentriert sich auf die Angstsymptome, die ein bedeutendes Symptom des klimakterischen Syndroms darstellen und die Lebensqualität erheblich beeinträchtigen. Obwohl Angst in der Perimenopause oft nicht die formalen Kriterien einer Angststörung erfüllt, kann sie dennoch belastend und einschränkend sein. Die Pathophysiologie von Angstsymptomen während der Menopause ist komplex und umfasst hormonelle Veränderungen, die neuroanatomische und genetische Faktoren beeinflussen. Die Hormonersatztherapie (HRT) ist die erste Wahl bei der Behandlung des klimakterischen Syndroms, zeigt jedoch gemischte Ergebnisse in Bezug auf die Linderung von Angstsymptomen. Alternativ wird die kognitive Verhaltenstherapie (KVT) als psychotherapeutische Intervention mit hoher Evidenz empfohlen. Trotz umfassender Recherche wurden keine Studien gefunden, welche die HRT direkt mit der KVT bei Angstsymptomen in der Menopause vergleichen, dies zeigt eine Forschungslücke auf. Zukünftige Studien sollten sich auf den direkten Vergleich dieser Behandlungsansätze konzentrieren, um evidenzbasierte Strategien zur Verbesserung der Lebensqualität betroffener Frauen zu entwickeln.
... According to APA Division 30 (Society of Psychological Hypnosis), hypnotizability refers to "an individual's ability to experience suggested alterations in physiology, sensations, emotions, thoughts, or behavior during hypnosis" (Elkins et al., 2015a(Elkins et al., , 2015b. Assessing hypnotizability before beginning treatment is considered to be the gold standard for research trials assessing the efficacy of hypnosis (Kekecs et al., 2016), and several studies have indicated that participants scoring high in hypnotizability may at least initially show greater improvement than those scoring lower (i.e., Elkins et al., 2011;Jensen et al., 2016;Nace et al., 1982;Roberts et al., 2021). However, clinicians argue that assessing hypnotizability is unnecessary, intrusive, and may be counterproductive if patients come to believe they are not highly responsive during assessment (Diamond, 1989;Lynn et al., 2011;Sutcher, 2008). ...
Hypnosis is an effective treatment option for a variety of concerns. Past research has suggested that those who score in the high range of hypnotizability initially show greater improvement than those in the low range. A post hoc analysis was conducted to examine the extent to which hypnotizability modulates the reduction of hot flash frequency. Average number of hot flashes reported during hypnosis treatment and a 12-week follow-up were grouped according to participants’ level of hypnotizability. Using baseline data, the reduction percentage of hot flash frequency was plotted and visually examined to determine when a clinically significant reduction (50%) in hot flashes was reached. Our results suggested that, regardless of hypnotizability, participants ultimately obtained a 50% reduction in hot flash frequency. Interestingly, participants who were rated as either moderately or highly hypnotizable achieved a 50% reduction by Week 3 while those of low hypnotizability did not cross the 50% reduction threshold until the 12-week follow-up. Implications from these findings include the importance of assessing hypnotizability in clinical settings to better tailor treatment dose and expectations.
... This theory also provides implications regarding hypnotizability and how to assess it. Hypnotizability has already been shown to moderate the effects of hypnosis (Alldredge et al., 2023;Elkins et al., 2011;Jensen et al., 2016;Roberts et al., 2021). According to our theory, individuals who possess a greater innate ability to adapt and shift between the systems of cognitive processing will appear to be more hypnotizable. ...
State and nonstate theories of hypnosis have dominated the field for decades and helped advance hypnosis clinically and scientifically. However, they fall short in various ways including insufficient consideration of unconscious/experiential processes. The authors' new theory is predicated on Epstein's cognitive-experiential self-theory, a dual-process model that provides a comprehensive understanding of the rational system and the experiential system and highlights that, although they interact synergistically, their features and modes of operation differ greatly. The rational system, influenced by logic and reason, is demanding of cognitive resources and operates effortfully with minimal affect. In contrast, the experiential system is emotionally driven, associative, and encodes reality in images and feelings without conscious effort. Our theory, the adaptive experiential theory, posits that complex hypnotic responding is attributable to an individual's ability to adapt and deliberately shift from processing primarily within the rational system to the experiential system. Greater association with the experiential system yields alterations in processing reality, which allows hypnotic suggestions to be internalized and enacted without excessive interference from the rational system.
... Numerous studies have revealed that hypnosis is a nonpharmacological and cost-effective method that can be used as an effective and safe method for the management of diverse conditions, such as pain, anxiety, mood disorders, sleep problems, depression and anxiety, wound healing, haemorrhage, stress and pain associated with medical and surgical procedures, and gastrointestinal disorders [9,[157][158][159][160][161][162][163][164][165][166][167][168][169][170][171][172][173][174]. ...
The association between irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and psychiatric and mood disorders may be more fundamental than was previously believed. Prenatal, perinatal, postnatal, and early-age conditions can have a key role in the development of IBS. Subthreshold mental disorders (SMDs) could also be a significant source of countless diverse diseases and may be a cause of IBS development. We hypothesize that stress-induced implicit memories may persist throughout life by epigenetic processes in the enteric nervous system (ENS). These stress-induced implicit memories may play an essential role in the emergence and maintenance of IBS. In recent decades, numerous studies have proven that hypnosis can improve the primary symptoms of IBS and also reduce noncolonic symptoms such as anxiety and depression and improve quality of life and cognitive function. These significant beneficial effects of hypnosis on IBS may be because hypnosis allows access to unconscious brain processes.
... Here as well, newer studies on the efficacy of hypnosis for treating anxiety symptoms as either stand-alone or complementary therapy indicate intervention effectiveness. To name a few, Roberts et al. (2021) have shown support for the use of hypnosis to reduce symptoms of anxiety among postmenopausal women. Roberts et al. (2021) indicate that hypnosis is a suitable adjunct in Crohn's disease and may improve general psychosocial QoL, including anxiety. ...
... To name a few, Roberts et al. (2021) have shown support for the use of hypnosis to reduce symptoms of anxiety among postmenopausal women. Roberts et al. (2021) indicate that hypnosis is a suitable adjunct in Crohn's disease and may improve general psychosocial QoL, including anxiety. ...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a highly prevalent and debilitating respiratory condition, characterized by chronic airflow limitation, breathlessness, and other persistent respiratory symptoms. Critically, patients suffering from COPD often find themselves trapped in a vicious comorbidity cycle: while breathlessness and increased respiratory rate are known inducers of anxiety, the latter have been shown in turn to exacerbate breathlessness and chest discomfort. Hypnosis holds great potential for the simultaneous complementary management of anxiety and breathlessness in COPD. It is an inexpensive psychological intervention tailored to the patient’s own experience, convenient in terms of logistics and implementation. In this short qualitative review, we present hypnosis’ structural, cognitive, and neural fundamentals, and assess existing instances of hypnosis use in the treatment of anxiety, depression, and respiratory disease. We then discuss its potential as a tool for improving health-related quality of life and the self-management of COPD within (and beyond) pulmonary rehabilitation.
... Numerous studies have revealed that hypnosis is a nonpharmacological and cost-effective method that can be used as an effective and safe method for the management of diverse conditions, such as pain, anxiety, mood disorders, sleep problems, depression and anxiety, wound healing, haemorrhage, stress and pain associated with medical and surgical procedures, and gastrointestinal disorders [9,[157][158][159][160][161][162][163][164][165][166][167][168][169][170][171][172][173][174]. ...
Importance and Objective
Menopause is a reproductive transition affecting half the world's population. Stigma and limited availability of evidence-based treatments that support biopsychosocial well-being mean that this life stage is often associated with challenging symptoms and reduced quality of life (QoL). The aim of this review was to examine the extent literature on psychological and mind-body interventions to manage perimenopausal and postmenopausal symptoms, and apply an interdisciplinary clinical, research, and cultural knowledge framework to guide recommendations for improving QoL and healthy aging in this population. We also aimed to understand the ideal delivery mode for such interventions.
Methods
Using Scopus, Medline, and PubMed, a review of systematic reviews, guidelines, and randomized controlled trials was undertaken to examine the use of psychological and mind-body interventions to improve menopause-related QoL and symptoms, including hot flushes, depression, anxiety, fatigue, pain, and sleep; conclusions were based on an analysis of this available evidence and linked to clinical and cultural considerations.
Discussion and Conclusion
Empirical support exists for a number of psychological and mind-body approaches to support QoL and symptoms during the menopause transition. The literature also identifies the need for menopause care that is culturally responsive.
An online multimodal model of menopause care is thus recommended, incorporating evidence-based treatments (eg, cognitive behavioral therapy, yoga, hypnosis) and treatment techniques (eg, mindfulness, and education including nutrition support), as well as First Nations wisdom. We also recommend financial well-being approaches to support people undergoing menopause. Integrated, multimodal approaches should be available online to remove time, location, and healthcare access barriers, and be designed with diverse consumers to ensure equity for those underserved due to region, LGBTIQ+ assigned female at birth status, and for multicultural and First Nations people.
The objective of this study was to determine the model fit of a standardized hypnotizability measure in a targeted clinical sample. The Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale, Form C (SHSS:C) was administered to 168 post-menopausal women aged 39 to 75 years. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted, and comparative fit index (CFI) and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) were used to determine goodness of fit. Results indicated that the single-factor structure modeled with twelve indicators based on the individual items on the SHSS:C provided the best description of fit. Results of the present study demonstrate that the SHSS:C has a single-factor structure. These findings suggest that new scales of hypnotizability can be optimized by focusing on the use of items that correlate highly with the overall score representing the unidimensional construct of hypnotizability. The findings should be interpreted with caution due to the small sample size, and further research is needed with other populations to clarify generalizability.
A recent survey conducted by the Society of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis Task Force for Efficacy Standards in Hypnosis Research found that clinicians reported using one or more of several different styles of hypnosis in their work. The most common of these was Ericksonian, used by over 2/3rds of clinicians, followed by hypnotic relaxation therapy and traditional hypnosis. Surprisingly, a little less than a 3rd of respondents indicated using the evidence-based practice of hypnotherapy. The present paper discusses these findings from the perspective of optimal survey methodology, examines areas of differences and overlap among response options, and considers the question of the evidence base for the practice of clinical hypnosis.
