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Hypertrophic lingual tonsils covering the posterior of the tongue. This diagnosis should be considered in any child presenting with symptoms of airway obstruction, persistent of obstructive sleep apnoea, globus sensation or an unusually sensitive gag reflex.
Source publication
Tongue masses are uncommon, and in children are usually due to congenital anomalies. Causes also include lingual thyroid, vascular lesions, and various cysts. We present a series of cases where children presented with a mass at the foramen caecum on the dorsum of the tongue in the midline. In each case, the diagnosis was different. Regardless of th...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... also consider the possibility of a cyst, such as a dermoid, or foregut duplication cyst [6]. A minority of thyroglossal duct cysts occur on the tongue, and arise due to the persistence of a tubal remnant following embryological thyroid descent [7]. More diffuse tongue lesions such as hypertrophic lingual tonsils should be easy to distinguish (Fig. 6), as should infantile mucus retention cysts of the vallecula (Fig. ...
Citations
... It has recently been shown that our preference for certain food such as chocolates is driven by surface lubrication that can be measured by artificial tongue-like surfaces 9 . Besides food preferences, there is burgeoning interest in understanding the complex morphology of the tongue due to its involvement in various age-related oral conditions [10][11][12] , mucosal degeneration and systemic diseases [13][14][15][16] . Certain medical conditions 17 and inter-individual differences are known to be associated specifically with the morphology of the papillae and the tongue. ...
The tongue surface houses a range of papillae that are integral to the mechanics and chemistry of taste and textural sensation. Although gustatory function of papillae is well investigated, the uniqueness of papillae within and across individuals remains elusive. Here, we present the first machine learning framework on 3D microscopic scans of human papillae (n=2092n=2092), uncovering the uniqueness of geometric and topological features of papillae. The finer differences in shapes of papillae are investigated computationally based on a number of features derived from discrete differential geometry and computational topology. Interpretable machine learning techniques show that persistent homology features of the papillae shape are the most effective in predicting the biological variables. Models trained on these features with small volumes of data samples predict the type of papillae with an accuracy of 85%. The papillae type classification models can map the spatial arrangement of filiform and fungiform papillae on a surface. Remarkably, the papillae are found to be distinctive across individuals and an individual can be identified with an accuracy of 48% among the 15 participants from a single papillae. Collectively, this is the first evidence demonstrating that tongue papillae can serve as a unique identifier, and inspires a new research direction for food preferences and oral diagnostics.
... It has recently been shown that our preference for certain food such as chocolates is driven by surface lubrication that can be measured by artificial tongue-like surfaces 9 . Besides food preferences, there is burgeoning interest in understanding the complex morphology of the tongue due to its involvement in various age-related oral conditions [10][11][12] , mucosal degeneration and systemic diseases [13][14][15][16] . Certain medical conditions 17 and inter-individual differences are known to be associated specifically with the morphology of the papillae and the tongue. ...
The tongue surface houses a range of papillae that are integral to the mechanics and chemistry of taste and textural sensation. Although gustatory function of papillae is well investigated, the uniqueness of papillae within and across individuals remains elusive. Here, we present the first machine learning framework on 3D microscopic scans of human papillae (n = 2092), uncovering the uniqueness of geometric and topological features of papillae. The finer differences in shapes of papillae are investigated computationally based on a number of features derived from discrete differential geometry and computational topology. Interpretable machine learning techniques show that persistent homology features of the papillae shape are the most effective in predicting the biological variables. Models trained on these features with small volumes of data samples predict the type of papillae with an accuracy of 85%. The papillae type classification models can map the spatial arrangement of filiform and fungiform papillae on a surface. Remarkably, the papillae are found to be distinctive across individuals and an individual can be identified with an accuracy of 48% among the 15 participants from a single papillae. Collectively, this is the first unprecedented evidence demonstrating that tongue papillae can serve as a unique identifier inspiring new research direction for food preferences and oral diagnostics.
... In recent years, the number of tongue and oral cavity diseases has been increasing due to the general trend of aging and the deterioration of the somatic status of population, the emergence of new systemic diseases, the ecologically unfavorable situation, occupational factors, and the persistence of harmful habits that negatively affect the oral cavity [1][2][3]. This factor leads to the investigation of oral cavity under the impact of new negative factors. ...
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to describe the research results of the morphological structure of white laboratory rats’ tongue at the macro-, micro-, and ultrastructural levels by scanning, light, and transmission electron microscopy.
Results
Our results show that the tongue of these rats has a number of unique morphological features that are different from the tongue of other rodents consequently to allow identifying their species-specific features.
Conclusions
Our findings have shown the features of the tongue structure of white laboratory rats at micro-, macro-, and ultrascopic levels. The data analysis revealed that mucous membrane of the tongue contains a large number of papillae, such as fungiform, filiform, foliate, vallate, and multifilamentary papillae. Each has a different shape, size, and location. The tongue’s morphological feature consists of three types of filiform papillae, well-developed foliate and multifilamentary papillae, as well as one large and similar smaller circumvallate papillae. The muscle of the tongue contains a large number of mitochondria of different shapes and sizes. However, we have received data for a complete picture of structure of this organ that will be useful in further experimental and morphological studies of the white laboratory rats.
This study reports nine additional tongue hamartomas in children paired with a literature review. A retrospective analysis was performed from three Oral Pathology laboratories. Additionally, a literature review was conducted through 5 electronic databases and gray literature. A total of 9 cases were identified in the retrospective analysis. Females outnumbered males with a ratio of 1.25:1. The age of presentation ranged from 2 weeks to 7 years. The posterior dorsum tongue was the most affected subsite (n=4). One case was seen in a patient with oro-facial-digital syndrome, two cases in patients with cleft palates and, one case with an encephalocele. The most common predominant component was salivary gland tissue (n=4). A literature search included 79 pediatric patients presenting with 95 tongue hamartomas. A slight female (n=47) predilection was observed, with ages varying from 15 hours to 19 years. The posterior tongue dorsum (n=31) was the most affected site. Seven cases were seen in association with syndromes. The most common predominant component was smooth muscle (n=35). Although hamartomas are rare in the oral cavity, they should be considered in the differential diagnosis of masses involving the posterior tongue dorsum in children.
