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How social capital is organized. The interaction between bonding, bridging, and linking social capital along horizontal and vertical network configurations
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This research examines climate change responses by experts from government, national agencies, civil society organizations, and private firms in Metro Manila. We found that highly bonding social capital, often forged through more familiar relationships, reduces organizational interactions and the potential for efficient knowledge mobilization. Spec...
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This article examines the importance of Trans-disciplinary Communication (TDC) in the process of knowledge sharing when utilizing collaborative co-design (CCD) as a tool for large-scale collaborative change social innovation projects. The article begins with a description of CCD and some of the important frameworks like “Collaborative Infrastructur...
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... This subcomponent also posits that a transformative approach requires inter-and transdisciplinary collaboration with multiple stakeholders across different knowledge domains and disciplines (Hellin et al. 2022;Leal Filho et al. 2021). While this may be challenging, scholars recognise that collaboration and knowledge-sharing play a vital role in building community resilience and enabling the transformation of values and norms (Dowd et al. 2014;Laycock and Mitchell 2019). ...
... There has, therefore, been a strong focus on the types of actors involved within social relationships (e.g. Laycock and Mitchell 2019). There has also been a strong focus on outcomes, such as access to new information (e.g. ...
The quality of relationships between different actors involved in community-based sustainability initiatives is central to their success. This study examines the role of the qualities of social relationships within 22 different community-based sustainability initiatives each framed round different types of sustainability challenges, from flooding and climate change to community development and youth engagement. Research involved 37 semi structured interviews, combined with visual techniques, to explore the qualities of different relationship from the perspective of actors actively engaged in developing and progressing initiatives with different communities across Scotland. A typology of relationship qualities (tense, pragmatic and supportive qualities) is presented and applied to examine the ways in which relationships shape the benefits that participants identify for these community-based initiatives. The findings show supportive relationship qualities, involving a sense of respect, integrity, honesty and opportunities to test out new ideas, are particularly important in sustainability initiatives, providing a diverse range of benefits. Relationship qualities can also shift over time, either relatively suddenly or incrementally. Some groups of initiative actors worked strategically with relationships, underpinning their relationship-based strategies with relationships with different actors dominated by supportive qualities to actively harness the benefits these types of relationships provide and strengthen the sense of community and shared interest surrounding initiatives. A focus on relationship qualities can therefore provide a more dynamic picture of how community-based initiatives unfold and adapt to increasingly complex challenges. Such an approach places human agency centre-stage, recognising the fundamental importance of shaping social relationships within community-based initiatives.
... For some it is the means through which the change takes place that are a vital site for transformation and where solutions are to be found. Here we can find arguments both that such means need to be transformed in and of themselvesnew forms of knowledge, decision-making, participation, representation and so forth are an essential ingredient of what it means for our responses to these issues to be transformativeand also that such a transformation in the means of change is essential for achieving other kinds of goals (Wamsler et al. 2020;Seyfang and Haxeltine 2012;Laycock and Mitchell 2019). The now-extensive literature on the potential of coproduction, transdisciplinarity, participatory democracy and so forth for realising sustainability is characteristic of this perspective on transformative change (Suboticki et al. 2023;Abson et al. 2017;Fazey et al. 2018). ...
... Thailand, for example, is involved in activities related to energy and climate mitigation (Simpson and Smits 2018). ENGOs in Malaysia run conservation programs and urban initiatives for climate change mitigation efforts (Er 2015; Puppim de Oliveira 2019), while the Philippines performed post-disaster recovery activities (Laycock and Mitchell 2019). In addition, Cambodian ENGOs provide services for climate change adaptation (Christoplos and McGinn 2016). ...
... The ENGOs submit their policy proposals for consideration. As in the Philippines, ENGOs are considered experts in climate change policy and conversance (Laycock and Mitchell 2019), and thus they could provide expertise and information to assist the government (Pandey 2015). For example, the Thai Climate Justice network in Thailand is condemnatory of market-based strategies as spurious solutions to mitigate climate change (Smits 2017). ...
Environmental nongovernmental organizations (ENGOs) are considered key players for engendering good climate change governance to address both climate change and sustainable development. The participation of ENGOs in climate change governance occurs in a four-phase policy cycle. They include (1) identification of policy options, (2) policy formulation, (3) policy implementation, and (4) policy monitoring and evaluation. The ENGOs, however, have been criticized for their lack of effectiveness, and their roles in tackling climate change remain unclear. To date, the study on the roles and activities of Southeast Asian ENGOs in climate change governance has been under-researched. This study, therefore, applies a systematic literature review of 19 published articles from Scopus and Web of Science-indexed journal to understand the current state of the Southeast Asian ENGOs participation in climate change governance based on the four-phase policy cycle. The findings show that the ENGOs in Southeast Asia are involved directly and indirectly in climate change governance. They are significant actors in the implementation of the climate change policy, but they play a minimal role in the formulation of said policy. It implies that they could also be a vital partner to the government in the climate change governance process as they can bring effective policy improvements. Lastly, this review will recommend future avenues of research for scholars.
... Despite the growing relevance of climate change research for Asian cities since the 2000s (Douglass, 2013), the activation and usage of external knowledge for climate change adaptation in Manila has been rather slow. Laycock and Mitchell (2019) argue that this is often impeded by strong networks with bonding social capital in which decision making for adaptation is carried out. Furthermore, the translation and use of existing knowledge, both with regards to the involved physical processes, as well as to suitable measures of climate change adaptation, often fails due to general shortcomings in the Philippine's planning apparatus, that is, incomplete decentralization or increasingly privatized planning processes (cf. . ...
A rich corpus of literature exists on traveling knowledges, their carriers, and connectivities. Yet there is less emphasis on how trajectories of mobility themselves, and the knowledges that circulate coevolve in the process of travel. In this article, we propose “epistemic mobilities” as a conceptual lens with which to empirically trace the transfer and translation of knowledges and practices as they come to be embedded in existing and new social realities. We draw inspiration from technological and policy interventions for living with sea-level change across two cases studies on Jakarta and Manila, and ask how these policies and practices constantly morph when being translated into specific sociopolitical and ecological contexts. We argue that the translocal transforming of adaptation practices and policies, within their contexts of arrival and negotiation, are key to conceptualizing “epistemic mobilities” via local systems and processes of socioinstitutional change.
People with serious mental illness (SMI) endure daunting biopsychosocial challenges during and after disasters, many of which are the result of stigma, discrimination, and social exclusion. This paper considers the capabilities of the Clubhouse model to facilitate the development of disaster resilience capacities among people with SMI through increased access to social capital resources. Looking at the roles of Clubhouses in the lives of those with SMI through a social capital lens, this analysis explores the influence of social stigma and meaningful engagement as determinants of vulnerability and resilience on the disaster risk continuum. The analysis concludes with an exploration of both the current and potential dynamics between the Clubhouse model and bonding, bridging, and linking social capital, as well as their integrative roles within a variety of strategies for the pre-disaster resilience enhancement of community members with SMI.
Multiple factors are involved in community change processes, yet understanding how factors interact to shape these complex social processed is limited. This has important implications for both research and sustainability practice. This study examines key social dynamics in establishing complex community change initiatives using an in-depth action-oriented transdisciplinary approach with a case study of the development of a community fridge. Four critical social dynamics were identified: reinforcing interpretations, reinforcing interconnections, re-alignment of identities, and quality social relations involving multiple normative facets converging and diverging in different ways as the process unfolded. Initially, this led to a degenerative dynamic that heightened tensions between actors; however, re-alignment with wider social identities and expressions of the underlying normative dimensions involved in the initiative, a regenerative dynamic was created. This strengthened the conditions to support shared understanding, learning and enhanced relationships to enable different actors to work together to shape aspects of the initiative. Overall, the study highlights that future community-based change initiatives need to be guided by explicit approaches that work with social relationships, but where these relationships are conceptualised as dynamic normative spaces of interaction and exploration. This can inform understanding on how to develop beneficial reinforcing regenerative dynamics, where advances in one aspect of social relationships within initiatives can begin to reinforce others and ways that increase collective capacity as a whole. Developing this regenerative potential through social relationships within initiatives is thus critical for engaging with complex challenges across communities.
The need for Asia-Pacific coastal cities to adapt effectively and sustainably to accelerating (relative) sea-level rise is growing. If such adaptation does not occur in a timely manner, then it could result in socio-economic problems that will reverberate throughout the region. Using examples of coastal Asia-Pacific cities that are characterised by contrasting geographical settings and cultural contexts, this study argues that the main barrier to such adaptation is path dependency. In this sense, path dependency is a legacy of past decisions that have been influenced by topography, economic goals, and the cultural-political characteristics of key decision-making groups. These path dependencies manifest as various adaptation preferences, which to date have been dominated by hard engineering solutions. In an era of accelerating climate change there is now a need to seek alternatives to in-situ urban growth. This paper argues that an understanding of a city’s path dependency is key to optimizing the effectiveness of future adaptation.
Many countries encountered “barriers” or obstacles that hampered the process of adapting to the integrated flood risk management (IFRM) from the traditional hard structural solutions in managing urban flooding. One of the crucial tasks to overcome the barriers is to understand their interrelationships. However, analysis of the interrelationships between the barriers to IFRM adaptation has not been carried out yet. This study attempts to analyze the interrelationships between the barriers to IFRM adaptation using the Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) method. The barriers in Metro Manila, a megacity in a developing country, were identified first in this study. Then, the ISM method was slightly modified and applied to analyze the interrelationships of the identified barriers. As a result, we identified 12 barriers which are relatively numerous compared with the developed countries, and so we categorized them into the governance, social, and technological resources aspects. Through the application of the ISM method, the interrelationships of the barriers to IFRM adaptation were systematically analyzed for the first time while also showing their hierarchical diagram. The results of the ISM reveal that barriers in the governance aspect are the most influential in which the lack of a sole organizing body is the most influential barrier. The barriers in the technological resources aspect are the second most influential, while barriers in the social aspect are the least influential and most dependent barriers. The approach presented in this study can be useful for decision makers and practitioners in understanding the interrelationships between the barriers.
