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Hong Kong and Singapore Electricity Price by Year (inflation adjusted with 2014 as base year).

Hong Kong and Singapore Electricity Price by Year (inflation adjusted with 2014 as base year).

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Article
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Temperature and population growth are key drivers of energy consumption. However, the relative importance of climatic and socioeconomic factors driving energy consumption at different temporal scales is not well-understood. Therefore, we developed a time-series decomposition method to attribute the relative importance of climatic (heat index and mo...

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... Singapore were also downloaded from the World Bank website. The domestic energy price data of Hong Kong from 1981 to 2015 were extracted from Hong Kong Energy Statistics Annual Report (Census and Statistics Department, 2020b), whereas Singapore domestic energy price data from 2005 to 2015 were obtained from EMA (Energy Market Authority, 2020b). Fig. 2 shows the time series of the energy price data in Hong Kong and Singapore. Energy price data were adjusted for ...
Context 2
... to the literature, additive model depicts the absolute changes in a variable, whereas the multiplicative model allows for indicating the relative (proportional) changes in a variable (Bechhofer, 1960;Menzefricke, 1979). In this case, the variance in domestic energy consumption in response to the heat index has increased (Fig S.2 and Fig S.3 in the supplementary material). It means that the relative importance of the heat index in energy consumption over years had to be considered. ...
Context 3
... and relative humidity and then got the bias-corrected HI ( Figs. B.1 and B.2). The seasonality of the climate models generally matches well with observed HI, especially for Hong Kong (Fig. B.1). After bias correction, the model derived HI have a high consistency with observed HI at both Hong Kong and Singapore (all Diff values are less than 0.5; Fig. B.2). Moreover, we have compared the observed monsoon index and the climate model outputs. The seasonality of the climate models matches very well with observed monsoon indices ( Fig. B.3). Moreover, we have compared the biased corrected monsoon indices with climate model outputs. Results are also very consistent (Fig. ...

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... Notably, residential energy demands, and consumption accounted for 26.57% of total energy use, as reported by the International Energy Agency (IEA, 2022). Temperature fluctuations and population growth stand out as primary factors driving energy consumption changes, which in turn are pivotal in driving climate change, significantly impacting both demand and supply in electricity markets, as identified by Lam et al. (2022). There exists a dynamic and reciprocal relationship between residential energy demand and climate change, incorporating various interactions between residential energy use and climate variations (Qian et al., 2004;Li et al., 2019). ...
Article
Full-text available
This study examines the complex and time-varying relationship between residential energy demand (including electricity, geothermal, and solar energy) and climate change using wavelet analyses with monthly USA data from January 1990 to March 2023. The results show that residential energy demand and climate change indicators exhibit a time-varying interrelationship with cyclical and lag effects. Specifically, before 2021, a positive correlation between residential electricity demand and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in short-term frequencies was found, but the relationship reversed thereafter, with an increase in CO2 levels influencing and decreasing residential electricity demand. In the long run frequencies, the link between residential power consumption and CO2 emissions shifted over time, exhibiting inconsistent co-movement. The co-movements between residential geothermal and CO2 show predominantly positive correlations, with CO2 leading the relationship in the short run, while geothermal leads the co-movements in the long run. In both short and long-term frequencies, the dependency and co-movement between residential solar and CO2 are mixed, with residential solar leading to positive correlations and CO2 leading to negative correlations. Therefore, improved insulation, energy-efficient windows, and high-efficiency heating systems can all assist in reducing heat loss and the total energy demand for domestic heating and subsequently low CO2 emissions.
... The effects of global warming influence energy consumption in households and cause relevant impacts in many sectors (Chun-sheng et al., 2012;Yating et al., 2018;Roshan et al., 2019;Lam et al., 2022;del Pablo-Romero et al., 2023). Worldwide, household energy consumption accounts for about a third of the total energy use. ...
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Energy consumption depends strongly on weather conditions. Thus, to formulate energy-related policy goals, it is crucial to monitor changes related to the heating degree days (HDD) and cooling degree days (CDD)-widely applied indicators of climate change. The study investigated the impact that climate change (global warming) exerted on the number of HDD and CDD, as well as the weather-related final energy consumption of the European households (EU-27 and Norway), based on data derived from Eurostat for the period 1979-2021. The results indicate that the changes in HDD and CDD constituted non-linear functions of the country's average temperature, with the largest percentage changes observed in the warmest (in the case of HDD) and the coldest (in the case of CDD) portion of European countries. As indicated by estimations based on first-difference linear regression models, climate change has contributed so far to the net decrease in weather-related energy consumption of households.
... As a result of increased temperature, buildings require increasing cooling and decreasing heating load. Increasing temperature has been proven to be the most crucial factor for the increase in energy demand in buildings (Lam et al. 2022). The gross change in energy consumption due to increased temperature has been studied frequently in previous studies and varies from 0.3% to 104%. ...
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The urban heat island (UHI) effect has become a prominent urban characteristic in the last few decades and brings significant changes to the local urban climate. Such changes have severe impacts on the lifetime efficiency and performance of “critical urban infrastructure” (CUI). As CUI forms the backbone of vital urban systems and socio-economic processes, it becomes important to understand the various impacts of UHI on different CUI elements. The impacts of UHI on CUI have consequently become a prominent study area within the urban research domain. This study presents a systematic bibliometric review of 118 relevant articles published within the last decade (2012–2022), selected from a variety of indexed, scholarly databases. The articles mainly focused on developed regions and large urban areas. The review shows a consistent upward trend in the annual number of publications on UHI effects with a peak reached in 2020. Of the four major CUI groups studied for UHI impacts, built form and energy and communication (with a strong focus on increased energy consumption) are the most prominent topics in the current literature, followed by transportation, and water and sanitation. Research on other CUI elements is still quite sparse, and significant efforts would be needed to identify the nature of UHI's impacts on these factors. This review highlights that the UHI impact on CUI is a developing research area that requires further attention and illustrates the state of knowledge and gaps present in current research. These findings provide a clear direction for future UHI impact studies.
... Notably, residential energy demands, and consumption accounted for 26.57% of total energy use, as reported by the International Energy Agency (IEA, 2022). Temperature fluctuations and population growth stand out as primary factors driving energy consumption changes, which in turn are pivotal in driving climate change, significantly impacting both demand and supply in electricity markets, as identified by Lam et al. (2022). There exists a dynamic and reciprocal relationship between residential energy demand and climate change, incorporating various interactions between residential energy use and climate variations (Qian et al., 2004;Li et al., 2019). ...
Article
This study examines the complex and time-varying relationship between residential energy demand (including electricity, geothermal, and solar energy) and climate change using wavelet analyses with monthly USA data from January 1990 to March 2023. The results show that residential energy demand and climate change indicators exhibit a time-varying interrelationship with cyclical and lag effects. Specifically, before 2021, a positive correlation between residential electricity demand and carbon dioxide (CO 2) emissions in short-term frequencies was found, but the relationship reversed thereafter, with an increase in CO 2 levels influencing and decreasing residential electricity demand. In the long run frequencies, the link between residential power consumption and CO 2 emissions shifted over time, exhibiting inconsistent co-movement. The co-movements between residential geothermal and CO 2 show predominantly positive correlations, with CO 2 leading the relationship in the short run, while geothermal leads the co-movements in the long run. In both short and long-term frequencies, the dependency and co-movement between residential solar and CO 2 are mixed, with residential solar leading to positive correlations and CO 2 leading to negative correlations. Therefore, improved insulation, energy-efficient windows, and high-efficiency heating systems can all assist in reducing heat loss and the total energy demand for domestic heating and subsequently low CO 2 emissions.
... Notably, residential energy demands, and consumption accounted for 26.57% of total energy use, as reported by the International Energy Agency (IEA, 2022). Temperature fluctuations and population growth stand out as primary factors driving energy consumption changes, which in turn are pivotal in driving climate change, significantly impacting both demand and supply in electricity markets, as identified by Lam et al. (2022). There exists a dynamic and reciprocal relationship between residential energy demand and climate change, incorporating various interactions between residential energy use and climate variations (Qian et al., 2004;Li et al., 2019). ...
Article
This study examines the complex and time-varying relationship between residential energy demand (including electricity, geothermal, and solar energy) and climate change using wavelet analyses with monthly USA data from January 1990 to March 2023. The results show that residential energy demand and climate change indicators exhibit a time-varying interrelationship with cyclical and lag effects. Specifically, before 2021, a positive correlation between residential electricity demand and carbon dioxide (CO 2) emissions in short-term frequencies was found, but the relationship reversed thereafter, with an increase in CO 2 levels influencing and decreasing residential electricity demand. In the long run frequencies, the link between residential power consumption and CO 2 emissions shifted over time, exhibiting inconsistent co-movement. The co-movements between residential geothermal and CO 2 show predominantly positive correlations, with CO 2 leading the relationship in the short run, while geothermal leads the co-movements in the long run. In both short and long-term frequencies, the dependency and co-movement between residential solar and CO 2 are mixed, with residential solar leading to positive correlations and CO 2 leading to negative correlations. Therefore, improved insulation, energy-efficient windows, and high-efficiency heating systems can all assist in reducing heat loss and the total energy demand for domestic heating and subsequently low CO 2 emissions.
... A second important strand of the literature has concentrated on the repercussions of climate change. For instance, an increasing number of studies have examined the effects of climate change on agricultural production [9][10][11], employment [12][13][14], energy demand [15][16][17], financial stability [18][19][20], and economic activity [21][22][23]. The impact of climate change on economic growth has particularly attracted the attention of scholars for at least two reasons. ...
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Climate change represents one of the most serious threats to the well-being of humanity. In recent decades, there has been a significant increase in the amount of research dedicated to analysing the economic impacts of climate change. Nevertheless, the spatial aspect of climate change has not been addressed. This research is the first to empirically assess both direct and indirect (spillover) effects of climate change, as measured by temperature variations, on economic growth. The empirical analysis is based on a balanced dataset for 86 countries between 1980 and 2019. The preliminary analysis suggests the presence of spatial autocorrelation and the suitability of the dynamic spatial autoregressive model to assess the spillover effects of climate change. The results for the full sample reveal that there are no substantial short- or long-run effects of climate change on economic growth. When the sample is decomposed by income, the analysis indicates that climate change has direct and indirect spillover effects on economic growth only in low–middle-income countries over the short- and long run. The decomposition according to the climate regime also yields interesting findings as climate change exerts adverse direct and indirect spillover effects on economic growth only in the hottest countries over the long run. These findings are robust since they hold regardless of whether the contiguity weight matrix or the inverse distance weight matrix is used. The research advocates for international collaboration in the design and implementation of climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies.
... The higher the energy consumption in a country, the harder it becomes for the strategies and policies to witness a rapid positive change in a country. Besides, energy consumption depends on several factors such as population growth, lifestyle, energy efficiency, development scenario of the country, banking sector performance and many other factors [8][9][10][11][12]. Research studies suggest that increasing energy efficiency is pivotal for reducing energy consumption and its associated emissions [13,14]. ...
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Southeast Asian cities are increasingly affected by heat-related phenomena and various climate-related disasters; however, research on urban heat in this region remains limited compared to other areas. This paper employs bibliometric and thematic analyses to investigate studies on extreme heat in mega-urban areas of Southeast Asia, focusing on the risks and impacts faced by vulnerable populations and their adaptation and mitigation strategies. The bibliometric analysis visualises the research landscape, identifying key clusters and highlighting prevalent themes and gaps. It reveals a predominant emphasis on characterising extreme heat and analysing urban temperature variations through satellite and meteorological data, underscoring a significant lack of research on the socio-economic factors affecting at-risk communities. The thematic analysis further examines how existing studies address these socio-economic vulnerabilities and evaluates the adaptation strategies employed, particularly concerning land use changes driven by population growth. Our findings indicate that, while studies address urban heat in Southeast Asia, their quantity is relatively small compared to the extensive research focused on other regions. Strategies to mitigate the effects of extreme heat on mental and social well-being emphasise the importance of green infrastructure and public spaces. There is also a pressing need to enhance urban planning and design to ensure adaptation measures include at-risk, lower-income communities. Understanding the complexities of the risks and impacts of extreme heat on urban populations is crucial for developing effective, context-specific adaptation strategies that prioritise the needs of vulnerable populations and promote equitable, sustainable urban development.
Article
Energy is a crucial factor in a nation's ability to develop sustainably. One of the primary means of achieving sustainably is through the use of renewable energy. Photovoltaic (PV) is considered a popular renewable energy production technology. However, the PV power production is negatively impacted by the PV temperature raise. Different strategies have been proposed to reduce the impact of temperature on PV cells. One of them is the use of phase change material (PCM). PCM with high latent heat of fusion can passively cool and maintain the temperature of PV at a proper level. Yet its low thermal conductivity affects the thermal management process. The main purpose of this paper is to summarize the various work done by numerous researchers to improve the thermal management of PV modules using PCMs. Additionally, this paper evaluates the thermal and electrical performance improvements based on different strategies to enhance PCM thermal conductivity. Furthermore, the paper provides background information on PCM categories, materials, and selection criteria, offering researchers insights into PCM and PV integrations. Moreover, the paper discusses the economic aspect of integrating PCM with PV for passive cooling in building applications. The main results show that integrating enhanced PCM, using thermal enhancers, with PV can reduce the PV temperature by 25 K and the electrical efficiency can increase by more than 10 %.