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Honey seeker depicted on 8000 year old cave painting at Arana Caves in Spain.
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Honey is produced by honey-bees as blossom honey or nectar honey by secreting nectars of flowers, and honeydew honey by secreting the exudates of plant sucking insects. The use of honey as medicine and as nutritional food by human being has been in existence from time immemorial. The benefits of honey have been praise highly since ancient times by...
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... began using honey at least 10,000 years ago as it is evident with a cave painting discovered in the early 1900's in Valencia, Spain in the Cave of the Spider (Cueve de la Arana) situated on the river Cazunta 11 . (Fig.1). In Ancient times, people of Egypt use honey to sweeten cakes and biscuits, and were used in many other dishes. ...
Citations
... Among natural honey, the monofloral avocado honey (AH), characterized by its dark amber color, contains a higher level of bioactive compounds than the multi-floral honey (Serra Bonvehi et al., 2019). The sweetness of honey is due to the presence of carbohydrates in the form of monosaccharides (fructose (38%) and glucose (31%) are the main contributors) (Gulzar & Tajamul, 2014) and disaccharides. Furthermore, honey contains amino acids, vitamin B, vitamin B6, vitamin C, niacin, folic acid, minerals, iron, zinc, antioxidants (Denisow & Denisow-Pietrzyk, 2016), and phenolic compounds that have been related to positive health effects (Kavanagh et al., 2019). ...
The monofloral avocado honey (AH), characterized by its dark amber color, contains a higher level of bioactive compounds than the multi-floral honey; these characteristics qualify it as a possible sweetener alternative for domestic use. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to assess the effect of the consumption of avocado honey (25 g/day) on anthropometric and biochemical parameters in healthy subjects for 4-weeks. Thirteen healthy subjects (control group: n = 7 or honey group n: 6) aged 25–50 years, with BMI (body mass index): <25 kg/m2 completed the study (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04572607). There was no significant difference in BMI and body fat percentage. Likewise, no effects on fasting blood glucose (FBG), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were detected. These data suggest that AH might be as effective as a functional food or natural sweeter without negatively influencing anthropometric and biochemical parameters.
... According to Oroian et al. (2020) [51], among the phenolic compounds, the majority compounds are 5-O-caffeoylquinic acids and caffeic acid from the phenolic acids group, quercetin 3-O-galactoside and isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside from the flavonols group, and luteolin and apigenin from the flavones group. It is well known that the chemical composition of pollen differs significantly depending on the plant species, whether it is uniflora or multiflora, the climatic-geographical conditions [52], and its processing methods and storage environment [53,54]. Due to the fact that a higher value for Vitamin C was generated by the reduced capacity of the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, the results obtained for it should not be taken into account for the total phenolic and flavonoid content. ...
Nutraceuticals are experiencing a high-rise use nowadays, which is incomparable to a few years ago, due to a shift in consumers’ peculiarity tendencies regarding the selection of alternatives to Western medicine, potential immunity boosters, or gut-health promoters. Nutraceuticals’ compositions and actual effects should be proportional to their sought-after status, as they are perceived to be the middle ground between pharma rigor and naturally occurring actives. Therefore, the health benefits via nutrition, safe use, and reduction of potential harm should be the main focus for manufacturers. In this light, this study assess the nutritional profile (proteins, fats, fibers, caloric value, minerals) of a novel formulated nutraceutical, its physico-chemical properties, FTIR spectra, antioxidant activity, anthocyanins content, and potential hazards (heavy metals and microbiological contaminants), as well as its cytotoxicity, adherence, and invasion of bacteria on HT-29 cells, as well as its evaluation of beneficial effect, potential prebiotic value, and duplicity effect on gut microbiota in correlation with Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006. The results obtained indicate the growth stimulation of Lb. rhamnosus and the inhibitory effects of E.coli, Ent. Faecalis and Lc. lactis. The interaction between active compounds suggested a modulator effect of the intestinal microbiota by reducing the number of bacteria that adhere to epithelial cells or by inhibiting their growth.
... Apiculture is an important insect-based business. Scientific evidence of the storage of honey in pottery vessels used (Shahbandeh, 2018) in Europe 9000 years ago (Roffet-Salque et al., 2016) and cave paintings more than 8000 years old that depict the collection of honey have been found (Nayik et al., 2014). From beekeeping, humans can obtain honey, royal jelly, honeydew, pollen, propolis, and beeswax. ...
The most serious threat which humans face is rapid global climate change, as the Earth shifts rapidly into a regime less hospitable to humans. To address the crisis caused by severe global climate change, it will be necessary to modify humankind's way of life. Because livestock production accounts for more than 14.5% of all greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, it is critical to reduce the dependence of humans on protein nutrients and calories obtained from livestock. One way to do so is to use insects as food. Compared with typical livestock, farming edible insects (or "mini-livestock") produce fewer GHG emissions, require less space and water, involve shorter life cycles, and have higher feed conversion rates. It has been recently reported that consumption of certain insects can prevent or treat human diseases. This review goes beyond entomophagy to entomotherapy and their application to the food industry.
... • In pre-Ancient Egyptian times, honey was used externally to cure injuries [4]. The Smith papyrus, an Egyptian book spanning sometime between 2600 and 2200 B.C., describes a typical wound salve. ...
... • In ancient Greece, honey was used as a traditional treatment for gout and specific neurological diseases [2]. The ancient Greek scientist Hippocrates (460-377 BCE) quoted: "I consume honey and use this in the cure of many ailments since honey provides additional nourishment and wellness" [4]. Hippocrates advised an elemental diet, preferring honey with vinegar for pain, honey with water for dehydration, and a combination of honey, water, and several pharmaceutical compounds for acute fevers. ...
... • According to various Roman authors (such as Bassus, Cato, and Athenaeus), honey was used as a flavoring ingredient in recipes throughout the Roman Empire. Some of these recipes can be found in the writings of Roman Cookery [4]. ...
Honey is produced all over the world and contains small amounts of sugars, enzymes, amino acids, minerals, trace elements, vitamins, scent molecules, and polyphones. All generations and civilizations, ancient and modern, recognize it as food and medicine. Honey has been consumed in various ways, including a sugar substitute and flavoring ingredient. Carbohydrates, such as monosac-charides, fructose, and glucose, are the essential elements in honey. Honey has a plethora of additional compounds at minuscule levels that have antiviral, antiparasitic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, antioxidant, immunosuppressive, and antibac-terial properties. It can also be used as an antidiabetic and weight management supplement. Alongside its therapeutic properties, it also functions as a prebiotic, promoting the development of probiotic bacteria. Honey's importance has been recognized in scientific papers, and there is compelling evidence to support its therapeutic use. This review aims to present the history of honey and investigate its role in medicine and cosmetics.
... The use of bee products as complementary medicines and dietary supplements to treat various ailments was long practiced decades ago. According to Nayik et al. (2014), the first evidence revealing the acquisition of bee products by mankind was portrayed on the rock showing a painting of a person who collected honey from the wild bees found in 1919 inside the Cave Spider Spain. The painting is believed to have been made since 8000 to 5000 BC, during Neolithic Age. ...
Pollen and bee bread are valuable apitherapeutic products owing to their high-potential medical and nutritional applications. They are rich in nutritional properties such as proteins, amino acids, carbohydrates, lipids and fatty acids, phenolic compounds, enzymes, and coenzymes together with vitamins and bioelements, which are essential for maintaining human health. They demonstrate various potential biological activities with health-promoting properties such as antioxidant, hepatoprotective, antiobesity, antiinflammatory, antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, antiradiation, and anticancer attributed to their natural antioxidants, including mostly phenolic compounds. The liver plays a major role in the metabolism of various substances. The intake of dietary components is crucial for liver health which can be beneficial or detrimental to the healthy or diseased liver. This chapter provides a general overview of the functional properties of pollen and bee bread related to liver health, their safety, and future warranted research.
... Honey is a natural sweetener that acts as an antioxidant due to the presence of both enzymatic (diastase, invertase, glucose oxidase) and nonenzymatic (phenolic acid, flavonoids, amino acids, organic acids) substances (Nayik et al., 2014). Traditionally, these kinds of compounds have played an important role in food science and technology because of their usefulness in preserving foodstuffs against oxidative degradation (Kakumanu et al., 2016). ...
Beetroot is notable for its sweetness, high sugar content, but is very low in calories. Despite its nutritional value, many people refuse to consume it because of its earthy flavor. So, the study was conducted in the laboratory of Pokhara Bigyan Tatha Prabidhi Campus from September 2020 to December 2020 to prepare sugar and honey-based beetroot candy and make a comparative study on their qualities. By following the preliminary operations, fresh beetroot was candied by using honey and sugar syrup of 30 °Brix. Within certain days of boiling and draining of syrup, a gradual increment of TSS was obtained up to 70 °Brix and was finally dried at 55±3 ℃. The moisture content (26.18±0.58), crude fat (0.52±0.01), crude protein (1.60±0.14), crude fiber (2.39±0.19), titratable acidity (0.23±0.05), pH (5.82±0.02), reducing sugar (38.07±0.28), color (6.7±0.24), flavor (6.3±0.18), texture (6.65±0.25), taste (7.10±0.22), appearance (7.17±0.27) and overall acceptability (7.10±0.24) was recorded more in honey-based candy while carbohydrate (70.01±0.76) and ash (1.75±0.13) was recorded more in sugar-based candy. The total soluble solid was obtained equally in both sugar and honey-based candy which was 70 °Brix. The honey-based candy was better in nutritional, chemical and sensory attributes so it is suggested to use honey as a syrup instead of sugar syrup.
... In Christianity, there are a number of references available about the importance of honey and bees (Webb, 2012). Similarly in Buddhism and Judaism, honey makes its symbolic significance (Nayik et al., 2014). ...
... The use of honey as a medicine and nutrition has been carried out since ancient times because of the content of functional ingredients (Nayik et al., 2014). Honey can be used as an alternative medicine to replace synthetic antimicrobials (Draiaia et al., 2015). ...
Dermatitis is a term used to describe inflammation and damage of the layers of the skin. The causative agents are bacterial, fungal, mold, and parasitic infestations. Dermatitis has become problems in various regions in Indonesia and some other countries. Dermatitis often causes an unpleasant and disgusting feeling for the owner. Skin damage occurs to the dermis, thus showing clinical symptoms of hair loss, itching, redness of the skin, skin ulcers, and a bad smell of the animals. This study aims to determine the effect of giving honey from Trigona bees to improve the skin layer structure of patients with dermatitis in dogs and to see the development of skin lesions macroscopically. Research method: 10 dogs diagnosed with complex dermatitis were given fresh honey of 5 ml/day/dog. The treatment is given orally once a day for 35 days. Clinical observation of the wound healing process on the skin was observed every week for 5 weeks, and histopathological observations of the skin were carried out on the 0, 7, and 21 days. The results showed that giving fresh honey was able to repair skin damage with dermatitis lesions. It could be seen from the decrease in symptoms of erythema and the start of hair growth at the site of alopecia lesions. Histologically there was a decrease in the number of inflammatory cells (p<0.05) in the administration of honey. We concluded that Trigona's honey could be used as an herbal ingredient for treating dermatitis in dogs
... A flowering calendar is a time table that indicates the approximate date and duration of the blossoming periods of the important nectar and pollen source plants ( Bareke & Addi, 2018). Honey is defined as a sweet substance made by honeybees from the flowers of the plants or from parts of the plants or exudates of other insects which bees gather and transform by adding specific substances of their own, store by removing water, and leave in the honey comb to ripen (Codex Alimentarius Committee on Sugars, 2001; Ahmad and Shah, 2014). The variability of honey types produced in a particular area depends upon the diversity of nectar source plants (Addi & Bareke, 2019;Sibel & Mustafa, 2007). ...
The study was conducted to identify and characterize the monofloral honey types found in the Gesha-Sayilem forest. A total of 15 honey samples were collected during the honey flow seasons. For honey pollen analysis, the method recommended by the International Commission for Bee Botany and harmonized methods of the International Honey commission were used. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, PCA, and Pearson correlation coefficients. Three monofloral honey types were identified, such as Schefflera abyssinica honey, Croton macrostachyus honey, and Vernonia amygdalina honey types. The mean moisture content of the honey samples of Vernonia amygdalina honey was 18.3 ± 1.02%, that for Schefflera abyssinica honey 18.1 ± 1%, and 21.2 ± 1.05% for Croton macrostachyus honey. The HMF value of the Vernonia honey ranged from 1.1 to 1.3 mg/kg, with a mean value of 1.2 ± 0.1 mg/kg; that of Schefflera abyssinica honey ranged from 2.2 to 2.5, with a mean value of HMF 2.3 ± 0.15; and that of Croton honey ranged from 2.4 to 2.6 mg/kg, mean value of 2.56 ± 0.15 mg/kg. There was a significant difference in the free acid content of honey samples due to the botanical origin of honey and sampling locations (p < .05). The electrical conductivity of honey samples in the Gesha-Sayilem forest was found within an international range, with a maximum limit of 0.8 mS/cm for most nectar honey. There was a significant strong correlation between proline, free acid, and sucrose. Moisture content was positively correlated with electric conductivity, due to the dependable nature of electrical conductivity on honey moisture. The study area honey meets the basic honey quality standards both of the national and international honey quality specifications, except that the moisture content of croton honey which was some what out of the accepted range.
... [18] History and ancient medication of honey Honey had been reported as the oldest sweeteners ever exist within the world since existence of man while the genuine date of the origin stays obscure. [19] Honey use and production features a long and varied history. [19] The use of honey for healing intentions is entrenched in antiquated remedies likewise as present day wound management. ...
... [19] Honey use and production features a long and varied history. [19] The use of honey for healing intentions is entrenched in antiquated remedies likewise as present day wound management. ...
... [20] Eating honey prolongs life, according to Aristotle, while Hippocrates says that I eat honey and use it in the treatment of many diseases because honey provides good food and health. [19] Pedanius Dioscorides, an army Roman surgeon, wrote in his book that honey could be used as a treatment for stomach disease, pus wound, hemorrhoids, and cough prevention treatment, as reported by Nayik et al. [19] Religious perception of honey Haile et al. [22] recorded that several religious books contain the record of the use of honey in one way or in the order as mentioned below: the faith of Islam advocated the use of honey as food and medicine, and Surah al-Nahl, which means the Honeybee chapter, was dedicated to honey within the Holy Qur'an. The Prophet Muhammad strongly promoted the use of honey for medicinal and therapeutic purposes throughout the book of hadith. ...
