Figure 9 - uploaded by Muna hussain Al-Aameli
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Histological section of the liver in mallard duck : Showing the portal triad. Portal vein (PV), Hepatic artery (HA), Bile duct (Bd), Central vein (CV) Sinusoids (S), Hepatic plate (HP)(H&E 20X).
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This study was conducted to evaluate the morphological and histological features of the liver in two species of birds that vary in their food habitats; gull and mallard. Histomorphologically, the liver in these species is composed of the left (small) and right (big) lobes and the right lobe in gull was subdivided into two parts. Histologically, fib...
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his study was conducted to evaluate the morphological and histological features of the liver in two species
of birds that vary in their food habitats; gull and mallard. Histomorphologically, the liver in these species is composed
of the left (small) and right (big) lobes and the right lobe in gull was subdivided into two parts. Histologically, fi...
Citations
... But in birds, it was related to the gastrointestinal tract, heart and lung (Hunigen et al., 2016). Moslem (2015) stated that it was related to heart, gizzard, sternum, oesophagus and proventriculus in ostrich and Khaleel et al. (2017) in gull and mallard duck found that the liver was related to the spleen, gizzard and heart. Caudate lobe of the liver was related to the right kidney (Fig. 7). ...
... The liver of the guinea pig showed six lobes namely the right lateral lobe, the right medial lobe, quadrate lobe, left medial lobe, left lateral lobe and caudate lobe in all the groups studied (Fig. 4). In contrast to this, two lobes was observed in avian liver (Getty, 1975), in coot birds (Selman, 2013), in male turkey(Al-A'Araji, 2015), in brown falcon (Al-taee, 2017), in gull and mallard duck (Khaleel et al., 2017), in quail (Sarvestani, 2017), four lobes in ostrich liver (Moslem, 2015) three lobes in rat liver (Hebel and Stromberg, 1986), four lobes in praire dog (Grace et al., 1988), five lobes in Muridae and Dipodidae families of rodent (El-Salkh et al., 2008), five lobes in adult rabbit (Stamatova et al., 2012 andVerma et al., 2015), five lobes in rabbit (Stan, 2018). Similar observations regarding the number of lobes were found in adult guinea pig (Stan, 2018). ...
... Similar results were observed by Hebel and Stromberg (1986) in rat liver, Grace et al. (1988) in praire dog and Stan (2018) in guinea pig. But Al-taee (2017) in brown falcon, Khaleel et al. (2017) in gull and mallard duck and Sarvestani (2017) in quail found that right liver lobe was larger than the left lobe. But in passenger pigeon, left lobe was divided into three parts (Nickel et al., 1979). ...
... But in birds, it was related to the gastrointestinal tract, heart and lung (Hunigen et al., 2016). Moslem (2015) stated that it was related to heart, gizzard, sternum, oesophagus and proventriculus in ostrich and Khaleel et al. (2017) in gull and mallard duck found that the liver was related to the spleen, gizzard and heart. Caudate lobe of the liver was related to the right kidney (Fig. 7). ...
... The liver of the guinea pig showed six lobes namely the right lateral lobe, the right medial lobe, quadrate lobe, left medial lobe, left lateral lobe and caudate lobe in all the groups studied (Fig. 4). In contrast to this, two lobes was observed in avian liver (Getty, 1975), in coot birds (Selman, 2013), in male turkey(Al-A'Araji, 2015), in brown falcon (Al-taee, 2017), in gull and mallard duck (Khaleel et al., 2017), in quail (Sarvestani, 2017), four lobes in ostrich liver (Moslem, 2015) three lobes in rat liver (Hebel and Stromberg, 1986), four lobes in praire dog (Grace et al., 1988), five lobes in Muridae and Dipodidae families of rodent (El-Salkh et al., 2008), five lobes in adult rabbit (Stamatova et al., 2012 andVerma et al., 2015), five lobes in rabbit (Stan, 2018). Similar observations regarding the number of lobes were found in adult guinea pig (Stan, 2018). ...
... Similar results were observed by Hebel and Stromberg (1986) in rat liver, Grace et al. (1988) in praire dog and Stan (2018) in guinea pig. But Al-taee (2017) in brown falcon, Khaleel et al. (2017) in gull and mallard duck and Sarvestani (2017) in quail found that right liver lobe was larger than the left lobe. But in passenger pigeon, left lobe was divided into three parts (Nickel et al., 1979). ...
The present study was undertaken to access the gross anatomy of the liver in guinea pigs of four postnatal age groups. Hepatopancreatic organs were collected from the guinea pigs received from department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Chennai. Gross anatomical observations were recorded. The liver in guinea pig was the largest gland in the body and was found on the right side of the cranial and middle part of the abdominal cavity. The liver was related to the gall bladder, diaphragm, stomach, intestines and lesser omentum in all the postnatal groups studied. In preweaning guinea pig, the colour was dark reddish brown whereas in animals from 2-8 weeks to 16-32 weeks of age, it was pale, reddish brown. The liver showed six lobes namely the right lateral lobe, the right medial lobe, quadrate lobe, left medial lobe, left lateral lobe and caudate lobe. The caudate lobe had two parts namely caudate process and papillary process. In all the age groups, the liver showed two surfaces namely parietal and visceral surface. The hilus or portal fissure of the liver was noticed in the transverse groove formed between the dorsal and ventral parts on the visceral surface. Four borders were observed viz., dorsal border, ventral border, right border and left border. The liver showed six ligaments namely falciform ligament, coronary ligament, round ligament, triangular ligament, hepatorenal ligament and hepatogastric ligament. HIGHLIGHTS m The liver of preweaning guinea pig was found in the cranial part of the abdomical cavity but in adult on the right side of the cranial and middle abdomen. m The liver showed six lobes, two surfaces, four borders and six ligaments. m Hilus was found in the transverse groove between the dorsal and ventral parts on the visceral surface.
... But in birds, it was related to the gastrointestinal tract, heart and lung (Hunigen et al., 2016). Moslem (2015) stated that it was related to heart, gizzard, sternum, oesophagus and proventriculus in ostrich and Khaleel et al. (2017) in gull and mallard duck found that the liver was related to the spleen, gizzard and heart. Caudate lobe of the liver was related to the right kidney (Fig. 7). ...
... The liver of the guinea pig showed six lobes namely the right lateral lobe, the right medial lobe, quadrate lobe, left medial lobe, left lateral lobe and caudate lobe in all the groups studied (Fig. 4). In contrast to this, two lobes was observed in avian liver (Getty, 1975), in coot birds (Selman, 2013), in male turkey(Al-A'Araji, 2015), in brown falcon (Al-taee, 2017), in gull and mallard duck (Khaleel et al., 2017), in quail (Sarvestani, 2017), four lobes in ostrich liver (Moslem, 2015) three lobes in rat liver (Hebel and Stromberg, 1986), four lobes in praire dog (Grace et al., 1988), five lobes in Muridae and Dipodidae families of rodent (El-Salkh et al., 2008), five lobes in adult rabbit (Stamatova et al., 2012 andVerma et al., 2015), five lobes in rabbit (Stan, 2018). Similar observations regarding the number of lobes were found in adult guinea pig (Stan, 2018). ...
... Similar results were observed by Hebel and Stromberg (1986) in rat liver, Grace et al. (1988) in praire dog and Stan (2018) in guinea pig. But Al-taee (2017) in brown falcon, Khaleel et al. (2017) in gull and mallard duck and Sarvestani (2017) in quail found that right liver lobe was larger than the left lobe. But in passenger pigeon, left lobe was divided into three parts (Nickel et al., 1979). ...
The present study was undertaken to access the gross anatomy of the liver in guinea pigs of four postnatal age groups.Hepatopancreatic organs were collected from the guinea pigs received from department of Laboratory Animal Medicine,Chennai. Gross anatomical observations were recorded. The liver in guinea pig was the largest gland in the body and was foundon the right side of the cranial and middle part of the abdominal cavity. The liver was related to the gall bladder, diaphragm,stomach, intestines and lesser omentum in all the postnatal groups studied. In preweaning guinea pig, the colour was darkreddish brown whereas in animals from 2-8 weeks to 16-32 weeks of age, it was pale, reddish brown. The liver showed six lobesnamely the right lateral lobe, the right medial lobe, quadrate lobe, left medial lobe, left lateral lobe and caudate lobe. The caudatelobe had two parts namely caudate process and papillary process. In all the age groups, the liver showed two surfaces namelyparietal and visceral surface. The hilus or portal fissure of the liver was noticed in the transverse groove formed between thedorsal and ventral parts on the visceral surface. Four borders were observed viz., dorsal border, ventral border, right border andleft border. The liver showed six ligaments namely falciform ligament, coronary ligament, round ligament, triangular ligament,hepatorenal ligament and hepatogastric ligament.
... Our results were in agreement with that observed by Nickel et al. (1977) in domestic birds, Stornelli et al. (2006) in ostrich, Al-A'Aaraji (2015) in turkey, in fowl and common moorhen, that the right lobe of the liver was large and undivided while the left lobe was smaller and divided. However, Schmidt et al. (2003) found that the two lobes of chicken liver were equal in size, Ibrahim et al. (2016) in local moorhen noticed that the left lobe of the liver was greater than the right one and Khaleel et al. (2017) had revealed two divisions at the caudal end of the right lobein gulls. A result which not observed in our investigations. ...
... Our results were in agreement with that observed by Nickel et al. (1977) in domestic birds, Stornelli et al. (2006) in ostrich, Al-A'Aaraji (2015) in turkey, in fowl and common moorhen, that the right lobe of the liver was large and undivided while the left lobe was smaller and divided. However, Schmidt et al. (2003) found that the two lobes of chicken liver were equal in size, Ibrahim et al. (2016) in local moorhen noticed that the left lobe of the liver was greater than the right one and Khaleel et al. (2017) had revealed two divisions at the caudal end of the right lobein gulls. A result which not observed in our investigations. ...
Chickens have a great participation in meat and egg production. The anatomical scientific data of poultry is important to support the recent researches either for illustrations in academic studies or clinically in diagnosis and treatment of some poultry nutritional diseases. The current investigation was performed on twenty broiler chickens of both sexes. The chickens were anaesthetized, slaughtered then the venous system was flushed with a normal saline to anatomically investigate the distribution of hepatic portal veins both intra and extrahepatic, as well as the hepatic venous and biliary duct systems. The fowl had two hepatic portal veins draining the gastrointestinal tract with its associated organs as spleen and pancreas. The left hepatic portal vein was small, restricted to a limited portion of left hepatic lobe and had been constituted by five main venous tributaries draining the proventriculus, gizzard and pylorus, while the right hepatic portal vein was the largest, receiving the proventriculosplenic, gastropancreaticoduodenal and common mesenteric veins then piercing the right hepatic lobe to be distributed in both hepatic segments through right and left divisions. The fowl has two hepatic portal veins differed in size and distribution. A characteristic imaginary trapezoid shape was formed by some tributaries draining the caudoventral part of the gizzard. There are three ileocecal veins; cranial, caudal and the ileocecal tributary of the cranial mesenteric vein. The wall of gall bladder and the common hepatoenteric duct was characterized by the presence of well-defined longitudinal folds or striations.
Birds consume a wide variety of food items that must be digested and absorbed. In this chapter, I provide detailed information about avian diets and the different avian dietary guilds, including insectivores, frugivores, invertivores, granivores, carnivores, scavengers, nectarivores, herbivores, and omnivores. The anatomy and physiology of the avian digestive system are also discussed in detail, with information about the interspecific variation in the anatomy and functions of each component of the digestive system, including bills, the esophagus, two-part stomach, small and large intestine ceca, cloaca, and accessory organs, including the pancreas and liver. Information about the phenotypic plasticity of the avian digestive system and regulation of food intake is also provided.
