Histogram of body chamber length at the point of hatching in modern nautilids. Data include Allonautilus scrobiculatus (n = 1), Nautilus macromphalus (n = 3), N. pompilius from American Samoa (n = 1), N. pompilius from Vanuatu (n = 1), N. pompilius from Fiji (n = 2), N. pompilius from Papua New Guinea (n = 2), N. pompilius from Indonesia (n = 1), N. pompilius from the Philippines (n = 5), N. pompilius from unknown locality (n = 4), N. belauensis (n = 1), and N. repertus (n = 2).

Histogram of body chamber length at the point of hatching in modern nautilids. Data include Allonautilus scrobiculatus (n = 1), Nautilus macromphalus (n = 3), N. pompilius from American Samoa (n = 1), N. pompilius from Vanuatu (n = 1), N. pompilius from Fiji (n = 2), N. pompilius from Papua New Guinea (n = 2), N. pompilius from Indonesia (n = 1), N. pompilius from the Philippines (n = 5), N. pompilius from unknown locality (n = 4), N. belauensis (n = 1), and N. repertus (n = 2).

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Hatching size has been considered of great importance in the evolution of externally shelled cephalopods. However, our knowledge of how hatching size varies in response to biotic and abiotic factors is largely lacking. We present a comprehensive overview of hatching size in all known species of modern nautilids (225 specimens, representing eight sp...

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Context 1
... is difficult using CT-scans of large specimens. We discovered that: 1, the body chamber length in juvenile and mature specimens is not representative of the body chamber length at hatching; and that, 2, the body chamber length at hatching in specimens exhibiting the nepionic constriction averages 116° with no clear species-specific pattern (Fig. 2). Accordingly, we used 116° as the body chamber length in our calculations. Note that we define the body chamber length as a rotational angle between the aperture and the ventral point ...
Context 2
... data acquisition and need to be taken into consideration when discussing the results. First, a certain degree of error occurs when estimating the body chamber length to detect the point of hatching. As mentioned in the methods section, we used 116° for body chamber length of all individuals, although the body chamber length varies to some extent (Fig. 2). This introduces some errors in the estimate of hatching size. As shown in Figure 2 and the Supplementary Table, the body chamber length ranges from 94° to 134°, resulting in a maximum possible error of approximately ±1 mm. Nevertheless, the histogram of body chamber length follows a normal distribution (p < 0.01), and therefore the ...
Context 3
... introduces some errors in the estimate of hatching size. As shown in Figure 2 and the Supplementary Table, the body chamber length ranges from 94° to 134°, resulting in a maximum possible error of approximately ±1 mm. Nevertheless, the histogram of body chamber length follows a normal distribution (p < 0.01), and therefore the maximum error does not occur frequently. ...

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