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Little is known about the history of spinal deformities in ancient Greece. The present study summarizes what we know today for diagnosis and management of spinal deformities in ancient Greece, mainly from the medical treatises of Hippocrates and Galen. Hippocrates, through accurate observation and logical reasoning was led to accurate conclusions f...
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Objective:
The aim of this study was to evaluate preoperative and postoperative spinopelvic parameters and the influence of lowest instrumented vertebrae on sagittal parameters in Lenke 5 Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) patients.
Methods:
A total of 42 patients (37 females, 5 males; mean age: 16.71 ± 3.46 years) were included in the study....
Background:
Lenke 5 AIS is a kind of three-dimensional deformity and literature reported it usually accompany with coronal or/and sagittal imbalance. However, the postoperative coronal and sagittal balance in these patients has rarely be analyzed previously and the predict factors for postoperative trunk balance are still unclear. To synthetically...
Purpose
Iatrogenic flattening of lumbar lordosis in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) was a major downside of first generation instrumentation. Current instrumentation systems allow a three-dimensional scoliosis correction, but flattening of lumbar lordosis remains a significant problem which is associated with decreased health-re...
Hemivertebra is a rare congenital spinal malformation, where only one side of the vertebral body develops, resulting in deformation of the spine, such as scoliosis, lordosis, or kyphosis. We present the ultrasonographic features of a fetus with hemivertebra at 20 weeks' gestation confirmed by post mortem radiography and pathological examination. Th...
Citations
... Page 2 of 7 Ghandhari et al. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders (2024) 25:403 Background At sagittal view, the human spine is composed of four curves: cervical lordosis (CL); thoracic kyphosis (TK); lumbar lordosis (LL); and sacral kyphosis (SK) [1]. The distribution of latter curves follows a natural alignment along the sagittal plane, functional to maintain the health of spine and intervertebral discs, improving the performance of movements of the human body while containing energy consumption [2]. ...
Background
Physiological thoracic kyphosis (TK) allows sagittal balance of human body. Unlike lumbar lordosis (LL), TK has been relatively neglected in the literature. EOS is an imaging technique employing high-sensitivity xenon particles, featured by low-dose exposure combined with high accuracy compared to conventional radiography. The aim of this study was to investigate predictors of TK in patients with phyiological spine morphology using EOS imaging.
Methods
EOS images of 455 patients without spinal anomalies were retrospectively assessed for TK (T1- T12), upper thoracic kyphosis (UTK, T1-T5), lower thoracic kyphosis (LTK, T5-T12), LL (L1-S1) and pelvic incidence (PI). The latter curves were measured by two researchers separately and the average of the two measurements was used for further analysis.
Spearman non-parametric correlation was estimated for age, PI, LL, LTK, UTK and TK. Multiple robust linear regression analysis was employed to estimate TK, controlling for the effect of age, sex, LL and LTK.
Results
The mean age of patients was 28.3 ± 19.2 years and 302 (66.4%) of them were females. The mean TK, UTK and LTK was 45.5° ± 9.3, 16 ± 7.4° and 29.7° ± 8.9, respectively. The mean UTK in people under 40 years of age was 17.0° ± 7.2, whereas for patients 40+ years old it was 13.6° ± 7.4. At univariable analysis TK positively correlated with UTK (p<0.001), LTK (p<0.001) an LL (p<0.001). At multivariable linear regression TK increased with LTK (RC = 0.67; 95%CI: 0.59; 0.75) or LL (RC = 0.12; 95%CI: 0.06; 0.18), whereas it decreased with age (RC = -0.06; 95%CI: -0.09;—0.02).
Conclusion
If EOS technology is available, the above linear regression model could be used to estimate TK based upon information on age, sex, LL and LTK. Alternatively, TK could be estimated by adding to LTK 17.0° ± 7.4 for patients < 40 years of age, or 13.6° ± 7.4 in patients 40 + years old. The evidence from the present study may be used as reference for research purposes and clinical practice, including spine examination of particular occupational categories or athletes.
... Assyrian reign Paraplegia after spinal cord injury [10,13]. 460-377 Bc hippocrates Development of spine anatomy, the invention of scamnum tools, traction ladders, and horizontal platforms [2,16]. 130-200 galen the use of the first surgery in spine disorders [2]. ...
... In this development, some techniques are rooted in the past. For example, the use of Splint, Traction, Brace, and Laminectomy originates from the predecessors' teachings [16]. Also, the surgical instruments drawn in the Book of Al-Tasrif indicate that, in today's specialized fields, Albucasis was also a medical engineer and a surgeon [19,30]. ...
... 5 This method of treatment is not new, it is reported that this form of treatment was used as in the form of "falling ladder" 3000 to 400 BC. 6 It was Hippocrates who documented the spinal traction for the first time in his book called as "Peri Arthron". 7 The process of suspension was in use till the first decades of the 20 th Century after which it was replaced with spinal traction. ...
One among many disc problems is disc protrusion, which has more prevalence in outpatient department physical therapy management Centre globally. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of lumbar spine decompression therapy and standard physical therapy treatment in patients with lumbar radiculopathy due to disc protrusion. The single-blind randomized control trial of 71 patients was conducted at Max Rehab & Physical Therapy Centre Islamabad, Pakistan. After setting inclusion criteria all the patients were randomly allocated into treatment and control group. Both group received standard physical therapy treatment including, Moist Hot pack, Lumbar Mobilization, Stretching & strengthening exercises. The only difference was that Decompression Group received additional Decompression therapy. The data included demographics and Numeric Pain Rating Scale score in supine lying position for the painful leg and Straight Leg Raise Range for the painful side. The values for leg pain for control group decreased from 6 to 3 and the value for straight leg raise increased from 15° to 49°. The values for leg pain for the Decompression Group decreased from 6 to 2 and the value for the straight leg raise increased from 10° to 48°, the p value for both the variables was <.001 showing statistically significant difference between pre and post values in treating patients leg pain and straight leg raise range of motion. It is concluded that decompression therapy is more effective in managing lumbar radiculopathy.
... 13: 230228 nervous system. Among spinal disorders, scoliosis is the most common [137]. Scoliosis can be categorized into congenital scoliosis and idiopathic scoliosis, with the latter affecting approximately 2-3% of children and adolescents [138,139]. ...
Cilia are hair-like organelles that protrude from the surface of eukaryotic cells and are present on the surface of nearly all human cells. Cilia play a crucial role in signal transduction, organ development and tissue homeostasis. Abnormalities in the structure and function of cilia can lead to a group of human diseases known as ciliopathies. Currently, zebrafish serves as an ideal model for studying ciliary function and ciliopathies due to its relatively conserved structure and function of cilia compared to humans. In this review, we will summarize the different types of cilia that present in embryonic and adult zebrafish, and provide an overview of the advantages of using zebrafish as a vertebrate model for cilia research. We will specifically focus on the roles of cilia during zebrafish organogenesis based on recent studies. Additionally, we will highlight future prospects for ciliary research in zebrafish.
... An alternative to surgery for degenerative spinal disease (excluding those patients with acute spinal cord or cauda equina compression of course) is disc distraction therapy: in the cervical region overdoor pulley traction with a head harness is effective and in the lumbar spine an inversion table can be used to reduce disc protrusions significantly more effectively than discectomies in a neurosurgery department (Figure 1) (14, 15). The inversion table itself could be considered as technological advance, although inversion for spinal disorders was practiced 2,500 years ago by Hippocrates (16). Such inversion therapy is a safe and low cost alternative to lumbar discectomy, provided that patients with Cauda Equina Syndrome (CES) are excluded, because they all (CES patients) need immediate decompressive surgery whether in LICs, MICs or HICs. ...
... Unfortunately, the sleep positions of a child are inherently ill suited to observation due to the fact that sleeping is typically performed in darkness and while under a blanket. Darkness is key because the production and release of melatonin, the hormone that induces sleep, is heavily effected by the light-dark cycle, with increased production in darkness and reduced production with light exposure [13]. Universal blanket use for warmth may be due to the effects of the circadian rhythm on temperature regulation, which results in higher body temperatures during the day and dropping temperatures during the first few hours of sleep [14]. ...
A review of the literature on adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) reveals that the cause remains unknown. Further, scientific investigation by researchers around the globe has determined that neither the nervous or endocrine systems, nor the muscular, connective, or osseous tissues are the primary causative factors which lead to the development of spinal curvatures as seen in AIS. This report will serve
to introduce a new hypothetical model that we have termed, "The Nighttime Perfect Storm Hypothesis." The model serves to explain why peripubescent children who have a particular genetic predisposition may be at heightened risk of developing a curvature in their spine if their body is habitually positioned while asleep in what we refer to as the "Provocative Sleep Position (PSP)." The concept of spinal stabilization is explored with respect to a landmark theoretical model by Panjabi in 1992. In the case of AIS, the child's spinal stabilization has gone completely awry. Through the lens of our hypothesis, this loss of stabilization is due to four interdependent components that may conspire and lead to the perfect storm. These components include 1) a genetic predisposition, 2) sleeping in the Provocative Sleep Position, 3)
while in the REM stage of sleep, 4) during the child's peripubescent growth spurt. Included is a complete biomechanical analysis of the child's spine while lying in either the Prone or Lateral PSP, and how this may lead to the development of a thoracic or lumbar curvature, respectively. Finally, we propose a path forward that will make clear the need for subsequent scientific investigation to determine whether or not the "The Nighttime Perfect Storm Hypothesis" is a viable theory.
... Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) is a threedimensional spine deformity that alters the chest and trunk's shape and condition (1). The etiology of scoliosis has not yet been identified, and researchers are now investigating inherited and acquired spinal problems (2,3). About 0.93 to 12% of all cases of AIS have a Cobb angle larger than 10 degrees (4,5). ...
Background: The aim of this study was to compare postural control between Adolescents with Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) and healthy adolescents. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 20 AIS adolescents with a right thoracic curvature between 10 and 45 degrees and 20 healthy adolescents were matched to compare postural control. Postural control assessments included Center of Pressure (COP) range and COP velocity in the Anteroposterior (AP) and Mediolateral (ML) directions, and the COP sway area in the standing position with opened eyes and closed eyes by the force plate. Results: This study showed that the postural control variables in AIS adolescents and healthy adolescents in terms of COP range, COP velocity, and COP sway area in standing positions with open and closed eyes were significantly different with those of AIS adolescents being worse than those of healthy adolescents (all p<0.001). The interaction between Group and Condition (eyes open and eyes closed) was not significant for all variables (all p>0.05). Conclusion: Differences in the postural control measures indicate postural instability in adolescents with AIS compared to healthy adolescents.
... Unfortunately, the sleep positions of a child are inherently ill suited to observation due to the fact that sleeping is typically performed in darkness and while under a blanket. Darkness is key because the production and release of melatonin, the hormone that induces sleep, is heavily effected by the light-dark cycle, with increased production in darkness and reduced production with light exposure [13]. Universal blanket use for warmth may be due to the effects of the circadian rhythm on temperature regulation, which results in higher body temperatures during the day and dropping temperatures during the first few hours of sleep [14]. ...
A review of the literature on adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) reveals that the cause remains unknown. Further, scientific investigation by researchers around the globe has determined that neither the nervous or endocrine systems, nor the muscular, connective, or osseous tissues are the primary causative factors which lead to the development of spinal curvatures as seen in AIS. This report will serve to introduce a new hypothetical model that we have termed, The Nighttime Perfect Storm Hypothesis. The model serves to explain why peripubescent children who have a particular genetic predisposition may be at heightened risk of developing a curvature in their spine if their body is habitually positioned while asleep in what we refer to as the Provocative Sleep Position (PSP). The concept of spinal stabilization is explored with respect to a landmark theoretical model by Panjabi in 1992. In the case of AIS, the childs spinal stabilization has gone completely awry. Through the lens of our hypothesis, this loss of stabilization is due to four interdependent components that may conspire and lead to the perfect storm. These components include 1) a genetic predisposition, 2) sleeping in the Provocative Sleep Position, 3) while in the REM stage of sleep, 4) during the childs peripubescent growth spurt. Included is a complete biomechanical analysis of the childs spine while lying in either the Prone or Lateral PSP, and how this may lead to the development of a thoracic or lumbar curvature, respectively. Finally, we propose a path forward that will make clear the need for subsequent scientific investigation to determine whether or not the The Nighttime Perfect Storm Hypothesis is a viable theory.
... Scoliosis, which means to bend and twist, is a Homeric word. Hippocrates, who lived in the 5th century BC, used the term Scoliosis for the first time (Vasiliadis et al., 2009). Hippocrates first used the definition of scoliosis for all spinal curvatures. ...
... Hippocrates commented on diet and extension for scoliosis treatment. In his work titled On Articulations, he described Hippocrates' ladder, Hippocrates' board and Hippocrates' bench techniques, which are methods of treating spinal curvatures (Vasiliadis et al., 2009). In 650 AC, Paul of Aegina recommended treatment with wooden sticks (splint) in cases of curvature of all varieties. ...
Scoliosis is a lateral deviation of the spine from the mid-sagittal plane. Scoliosis is a descriptive term, not a diagnosis. The spine of a person with scoliosis is more like the letter "S" or "C" than a straight line. The aim of this study is to understand what scoliosis is, how scoliosis is detected in paleopathological studies, and to describe the scoliotic skeleton found in Sinop Balatlar Church Excavation in 2019. The Balatlar Church building complex was used as a cemetery by Orthodox Christians from the 17th century to the beginning of the 20th century. Although many rare pathologies have been encountered in paleopathological studies on Anatolian societies, the number of samples in which scoliosis is so prominent is almost absent. With this study, it is aimed to contribute to this field. The skeletal pathology of an elderly woman over 65 years of age has been contributed to the literature by determining the degree of scoliosis both in the laboratory environment and with computed tomography images.This study will provide an important literature for future paleopathology studies.
... The ancient Greeks discovered that mental and physical health were interdependent, as they observed that the body and mind had to be in harmony. Philosopher Aristotle believed that sports and gymnastics were essential to developing the human body and optimizing functional capacity and harmony between the mind and body, hence the famous proverb "Mens sana in corpore sano" a healthy mind in a healthy body (Vasiliadis et al., 2009). In this same ancient Greece, three main categories of Hippocratic healthcare provision were observed: 1) health promotion, which included physical activity as an essential element of physical and mental health and emphasized the importance of nutrition to improve performance at the Olympic Games; 2) trauma care interventions included surgical practices developed by Hippocrates, mainly due to the frequent wars in ancient Greece; and 3) mental health care interventions and art therapy were consistent with the first classification of mental disorders proposed by Hippocrates (Kleisiaris et al., 2014). ...
