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| Higher crop and livestock productivity could reduce agricultural land area and greenhouse gas emissions in 2050
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By 2050, nearly 10 billion people will live on the planet. Can we produce enough food sustainably? The synthesis report of the World Resources Report: Creating a Sustainable Food Future shows that it is possible – but there is no silver bullet. This report offers a five-course menu of solutions to ensure we can feed everyone without increasing emis...
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... challenge. Crop and pasture yields must increase at rates even faster than those achieved between 1961 and 2010-a period that included the widespread synthetic fertilizer and scientifically bred seeds and a doubling of irrigated area-to fully meet expected food demand and to avoid massive additional clearing of forests and woody savannas. The Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Gap The GHG mitigation gap is the difference between agriculture-related GHG emissions projected for 2050 and an agricultural emissions target for 2050 that is necessary to help stabilize the climate at globally agreed targets. 7 Agriculture and land-use change contributed one- quarter of total human-caused GHG emissions in 2010-roughly 12 gigatons (Gt) measured as carbon dioxide equivalent (CO 2 e). 8 Of this total, a little more than half resulted from agricultural produc- tion, including such sources as methane from livestock production and rice cultivation, ...
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... menu items in Course 2 are needed first merely to achieve our baseline. As Figure 9 and Table 2 show, the productivity gains assumed in our base- line projection close more than 80 percent of the land gap (and approximately two-thirds of the GHG mitigation gap) that would result if agricultural efficiency did not improve at all after 2010. We also modeled more optimistic scenarios to 2050, where, relative to the baseline projection, we assume a 25 percent faster rate in ruminant livestock productiv- ity gains, 20 and 50 percent faster rates of growth in crop yield gains, and a 5 percent additional increase in cropping intensity. ...
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... these additional improvements leave signifi- cant land and GHG mitigation gaps (Table 2). This is why closing the land gap completely will require demand-side measures (Course 1) and action to protect and restore natural ecosystems (Course 3), and why closing the GHG mitigation gap completely will require action across all courses. ...
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... challenge. Crop and pasture yields must increase at rates even faster than those achieved between 1961 and 2010-a period that included the widespread synthetic fertilizer and scientifically bred seeds and a doubling of irrigated area-to fully meet expected food demand and to avoid massive additional clearing of forests and woody savannas. The Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Gap The GHG mitigation gap is the difference between agriculture-related GHG emissions projected for 2050 and an agricultural emissions target for 2050 that is necessary to help stabilize the climate at globally agreed targets. 7 Agriculture and land-use change contributed one- quarter of total human-caused GHG emissions in 2010-roughly 12 gigatons (Gt) measured as carbon dioxide equivalent (CO 2 e). 8 Of this total, a little more than half resulted from agricultural produc- tion, including such sources as methane from livestock production and rice cultivation, ...
Context 5
... menu items in Course 2 are needed first merely to achieve our baseline. As Figure 9 and Table 2 show, the productivity gains assumed in our base- line projection close more than 80 percent of the land gap (and approximately two-thirds of the GHG mitigation gap) that would result if agricultural efficiency did not improve at all after 2010. We also modeled more optimistic scenarios to 2050, where, relative to the baseline projection, we assume a 25 percent faster rate in ruminant livestock productiv- ity gains, 20 and 50 percent faster rates of growth in crop yield gains, and a 5 percent additional increase in cropping intensity. ...
Context 6
... these additional improvements leave signifi- cant land and GHG mitigation gaps (Table 2). This is why closing the land gap completely will require demand-side measures (Course 1) and action to protect and restore natural ecosystems (Course 3), and why closing the GHG mitigation gap completely will require action across all courses. ...
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... One critical aspect of this challenge lies in the increasing demand for protein to provide food for a rapidly growing human population. Traditional high-input, resource-intensive farming systems confront great challenges, for example due to its substantial contribution to greenhouse gas emissions and environmental footprints (Olesen et al., 2021;Searchinger et al., 2018). Therefore, there is an imperative need for innovative approaches that can augment food production with less negative impacts on climate and the environment (Mannaa et al., 2024). ...
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... The agricultural industry is currently using 37% of Earth's land mass for food production. This causes deforestation and as a result it inflicts a loss of biodiversity and increased greenhouse gas emissions [3]. Alone livestock production is responsible for 14% (excluding land-use) of the world's greenhouse gas emissions. ...
... Alone livestock production is responsible for 14% (excluding land-use) of the world's greenhouse gas emissions. These emissions originate from manure management, ruminant waste on pastures, ruminant emissions, and fertiliser production [3]. In addition, results suggest that the agricultural industry is responsible for 92% of the global water consumption [3]. ...
... These emissions originate from manure management, ruminant waste on pastures, ruminant emissions, and fertiliser production [3]. In addition, results suggest that the agricultural industry is responsible for 92% of the global water consumption [3]. ...
Increasing population size and income growth are causing and increasing demand for food and protein of animal origin. Insects are an interesting alternative to conventional animal source proteins as they can convert by-products from the agricultural industry to biomass for commercial feed for livestock and potentially as a food source for human consumption. Microorganisms have been found to affect insects and can be accumulated via horizontal and vertical transmission. This study aimed to identify if the removal of egg- and substrate-associated microorganisms impact larval performance through the following parameters: development of biomass, final biomass, and the survival rate of house fly (Musca domestica) larvae. Four treatments were tested on substrate consisting of 10.81% alfalfa (Medicago sativa), 21.62% wheat bran (Triticum aestivum), and 67.57% water: (A) disinfected eggs and non-autoclaved substrate, (B) non-disinfected eggs and autoclaved substrate, (C) disinfected eggs and autoclaved substrate, and (D) a control without any removal of microbiota. The results showed a significant decrease in final biomass for the treatments with only disinfected eggs, only autoclaved substrate and both when comparing to the control, and a significant decrease in survival rate for B and D. Moreover, the development of biomass showed a significant difference between days within all treatments. Together this suggest that microorganisms of housefly eggs and the growth substrate plays an important role for growth, which is critical in commercial insect production. Further studies must be performed to examine these parameters in more commercially relevant substrates.
... Traditional high-input, resource-intensive farming systems confronts great challenges e.g. due to its substantial contribution to greenhouse gas emissions and environmental footprints (Searchinger et al. 2018, Olesen et al. 2021. ...
Insect production for food and feed presents a promising supplement to ensure food safety and address the adverse impacts of agriculture on climate and environment in the future. However, optimisation is required for insect production to realise its full potential. This can be by targeted improvement of traits of interest through selective breeding, an approach which has so far been underexplored and underutilised in insect farming. Here we present a comprehensive review of the selective breeding framework in the context of insect production. We systematically evaluate adjustments of selective breeding techniques to the realm of insects and highlight the essential components integral to the breeding process. The discussion covers every step of a conventional breeding scheme, such as formulation of breeding objectives, phenotyping, estimation of genetic parameters and breeding values, selection of appropriate breeding strategies, and mitigation of issues associated with genetic diversity depletion and inbreeding. This review combines knowledge from diverse disciplines, bridging the gap between animal breeding, quantitative genetics, evolutionary biology, and entomology, offering an integrated view of the insect breeding research area and uniting knowledge which has previously remained scattered across diverse fields of expertise.
