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Purpose
After the outbreak of the disease of “Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)” in Asia in 2003, a healthy living environment is a major concern. The purpose of this paper is to study the value of healthy building parameters by the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM), which gives a direct appraisal of the occupants' value.
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This study sought to determine farmers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for 2-wheel tractor hiring services in Northwestern Ethiopia. Survey questionnaire related to CVM was designed and face-to face interview were made to collect the data. Moreover, focus group discussion used to generate qualitative information on household characteristics. Both purposi...
Citations
... In addition to air quality, some also conduct the research about the hedonic values put on facilities and environmental amenities nearby, such as recreational parks (Poudyal et al., 2009), open space access (Sander & Polasky, 2009), and a scenic view outside the apartments (Jim & Chen, 2009), that impacts the housing price. On top of the surrounding urban amenities, many studies have been conducted by environmental economists to estimate the values of indoor features that matter for quality of life, such as decoration (Chan et al., 2009). ...
... Many other similar studies have been done regarding the valuation of non-market goods. Some estimate how some attributes in dwellings, e.g., floor level and height, would be reflected in the housing price (Berger et al., 2008;Thanasi, 2016) and how indoor features or apartment design influence the property value (Guntermann & Norrbin, 1987;Chan et al., 2009). Besides the elements in the living space, environmental economists have analyzed how the surrounding environment influences the house value. ...
As an important environmental amenity, sunlight brings us a large number of benefits and improves the quality of our daily lives, and its welfare measurement depends on concrete living conditions. The purpose of this article is to empirically document the non-marketed value of sunlight in light of the view orientation of an apartment in the context of the housing market. Using a hedonic pricing model estimated with the real estate transaction data over 40,000 housing units in 2019–2021 in Shanghai, it is found that: (1) homeowners, on average, are willing to pay an extra 7.2% to choose the apartments with a high level of sunshine (facing south), relative to those with no direct access to sunlight (facing north); (2) the value of sunlight shrinks with pollution and becomes larger if living in a higher apartment; (3) residents living in higher units have a larger willingness to pay for the sunlight and environmental quality improvement. These empirical findings shed light on the welfare measurement of sunlight and have profound implications for the capitalization of environmental amenities reflected in housing prices.
... 2), the green building certifications (Sect. 3), and the methodological approach (Sect. 4), up to the definition of the considered parameters and the questionnaire schedule. ...
... Finally, if data are not available, or if it is intended to investigate directly the appreciation of the benefits in terms of the psycho-physical well-being of the occupants and workers' productivity, it's possible to use market simulation methods by measuring the willingness to pay or to accept by real estate users, through the Contingent Valuation Method [3,16,19], an approach widely used in environmental cost-benefit analysis. ...
The issues of environment, climate change, use of non-renewable resources and energy needs, have become central both at the international level and in the everyday life of people aware of sustainability, well-being and energy efficiency. In this perspective, the philosophy of Green Building is becoming increasingly important in the building sector; it’s the approach to low environmental impact of construction oriented to improving people’s health and quality of life, respecting the environment. The benefits of adopting these protocols are different: environmental, economic and social ones. Thinking of “green” buildings means minimizing pollutant emissions and the use of unsustainable resources for buildings that, to date, generate almost 40% of carbon dioxide emissions. In addition, it must be stressed that the use of green technologies has a positive impact on economy: on the one hand on the consumption and the costs of tenants, on the other on the employments, with the creation of new jobs. Finally, with regard to the social advantages, it is now acclaimed that those who live and/or work in buildings classified as “green” tend to show a higher level of productivity, mood stability and regularity of biorhythms. Having examined the contribution that green buildings can offer to the objectives of the 2030 Agenda, and once recalled the state of the art with reference to the methods of appraising the value of green buildings, this contribution is intended to think about the possibility of “green turning into value”, helping to increase the appreciation of private real estate users for this kind of properties. In this regard, we propose a model of contingent evaluation able to express the green buildings parameters in terms of economic value. In particular, the paper is the first step of a wider research, so that it reports the work premises, examining the contribution of green buildings in the 2030 Agenda (Sect. 1), the state of art (Sect. 2), the green building certifications (Sect. 3), and the methodological approach (Sect. 4), up to the definition of the considered parameters and the questionnaire schedule. Future research and implications are described in Sect. 5.
... The hedonic price method is widely used in the study of willingness to pay (WTP) in building environment [32,33] and the evaluation of house prices or land prices [34,35]. It was established by Sherwin Rosen based on his hedonic price index theory [36]. ...
Rail transit has been deemed a sustainable means of transportation, but its agglomeration effect and the noise therefrom create conflict. Generally, such conflict can be solved by designing the architecture and facilities of rail transit using noise-reduction methods. However, relevant studies have pointed out the limitations of such methods from the perspective of enforceability and social justice. Specifically, extensive monitoring of noise is difficult, and the cost of noise reduction is mostly borne by the surrounding residents. Thus, another question has been raised: Can we apply a land-use layout that takes into account the difference in sensitivity to rail noise of different types of land so as to weaken the negative impact of rail noise? In this paper, we adopted various methods of the characteristic price method, progressive multivariate regression analysis method and noise simulation method, and adopted the suburban rail transit system in Japan as the research object to analyze the impact of rail noise on the price of residential land within 200 m of the rail line. Additionally, we investigated the impact of the accessibility to the station site on the price of commercial and residential land within 800 m of the rail line. We also established the evaluation model on this basis. Lastly, we conducted a further discussion on the evaluation model by studying the re-development project of Tokyo’s Futako Tamagawa Station. The major conclusions in this paper are the following: rail noise is negatively related to the price of residential land within 200 m of the rail line; the price of commercial land within 800 m of the station site is negatively related to the station’s accessibility; and the price of residential land is unrelated to the station’s accessibility. According to the results of the analysis of Tokyo’s Futako Tamagawa Station, designing and arranging commercial land that is insensitive to rail noise in the area surrounding the rail line and using commercial buildings as a shield for the residential land behind them will be beneficial for weakening the negative impact of noise and maximizing the use of the commercial value generated by the station’s accessibility.
... Balconies can increase the value and amenity of a property by not only improving the aesthetics but also enhancing natural ventilation and sun shading for thermal comfort and energy efficiency, mitigating noise pollution and providing access to outdoor space [1,2]. The importance of balconies has been further emphasised as they contribute to a healthy living environment deemed crucial after the outbreak of SARS in Asia [3] and the need to incorporate outdoor *Correspondence should be addressed to: Farah Binte Mohd Faudzi, E-mail: farah.bintemohdfaudzi @arup.com ...
A qualitative assessment of fire hazard posed by laminated glass balcony balustrades was carried out through an in-depth analysis of empirical evidence from six (6) past balcony fires with glass balustrades to deduce the type of glass used and understand the mechanism for fire spread in these fire scenarios. Post-fire conditions of these balconies were studied based on their post-breakage integrity and presence of decolourisation/delamination in order to determine the type of glass used in these balconies. A visual observation of the overall fire spread during the fire and extent of damage post-fire was then carried out to determine whether there was a correlation between the type of glass used and the extent of fire spread. It was found that fire spread was mainly driven by combustible materials around the balcony construction as the fire damage on the balustrades was limited to the area in the vicinity of the combustible materials and the balustrade glass did not contribute to the fire. Given the current regulatory framework in England that limits the use of laminated glass in balcony balustrades from a fire safety perspective despite its architectural benefits and structural safety, this study shows that there is no evidence that the use of laminated glass would constitute a fire hazard when used as glazed balcony balustrading.
... A study found that the terrace as a private outdoor area can be used as a living room and residents were delighted to be able to see the outdoors from the terrace [39]. The relationship between the presence of a terrace with the parameters of house orientation, view, height, natural ventilation, dimensions of space, noise and people's preference for a healthy house and spending money on it has been investigated following the outbreak of the SARS virus in Hong Kong [43]. In addition to the terrace as a semi-open space, the roofs of houses are also effective in improving the quality of life and relaxing of apartment dwellers. ...
... Annoyance is the most common reaction to noise and can cause physiological stress and physical and mental symptoms [33]. Noise and air pollution can lead to chronic physical illnesses and mental disorders, as the number of people living in urban areas will increase in future more residents will be exposed to high levels of road noise and air pollution, and less greenery [34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47]. In research on mental health in housing, the type of housing [31-32-37-48-49], and the oor level [32] have been of great importance. ...
Background: Recently, a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has caused global health concerns. Due to the outbreak of COVID-19, house quarantine was considered to prevent the outbreak of the disease and ensure physical health, but it may cause serious mental health problems. The present study aims to assess housing satisfaction, housing preference of residents, and their mental health in house quarantine of COVID-19 considering housing type, spaces, environmental factors, and function and activities.
Methods: Quantitative data were gathered through administering online questionnaires. In April 2020, 421 valid responses were gathered from people who were living in Tehran. Then the collected data were analyzed using SPSS.
Results: According to the result, environmental factors have a higher mean than spaces and functions and activities throughout housing preference. Satisfaction with all parameters affects improving mental health. The kitchen, view quality, exercise, and cultivation and maintenance of plants have the greatest impact on improving mental health among house spaces, environmental factors, activities, and functions, respectively. The mental health of people living in private houses is better than residents of low-rise and high-rise housing.
Conclusions: Residents’ opinions about the houses showed that there are differences between the current situation of the house and the preferences of the people during the house quarantine period, which has been effective in the mental health of the residents in this period. Consideration of parameters in housing design by architects and home planners can improve people's mental health during special and critical situations such as house quarantine due to the spread of epidemics.
... For example, surrounding landscape (Zhong et al., 2009) [4], traffic accessibility (Wu et al., 2019) [5], education resources (Zhang, 2017) [6], park green space (Shi, Zhang, 2010) [7], etc. As a specific factor, the orientation reflects the building property of an apartment, which should be fully reflected in the pricing link of the residential transaction market (Chan, Yim Yiu, Baldwin and Lee, 2009) [8]. A large numbers of scholars hold positive views on the value of facing south. ...
... This tool has been extensively applied in other contexts, for instance in health, environmental, transportation or marketing (Durán et al. 2015, 356). To conduct the CVM, this study followed the suggestions implied by Hanley and Spash (1993); Chan et al. (2009), which generally divided the method into six stages. These stages involved such as; (1) setting the hypothetical market; (2) obtaining bids; (3) determining mean/average willingness to pay (WTP); (4) estimating bid curves; (5) aggregating the data; and (6) evaluating the CVM application. ...
Preservation of historical buildings and sites is vital to uphold and conserve a nation’s history and heritage. The importance of preservation works on historical buildings and sites in Malaysia towards its tourism industry can be considered as vague, hence the benefit and values of preservation work is still ambiguous. This study estimates willingness to pay (WTP) of domestic tourists for the preservation of UNESCO World Heritage Site (WHS) Stadthuys, Malacca, Malaysia. This study applied Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) through questionnaires which have been distributed to 100 domestic tourists. The results of the CVM were one of the appropriate techniques to estimate the economic value of the cultural and historical preservation works. On average, respondents were willing to pay approximately RM 8.82 for the preservation of the Stadthuys, in which this value was higher than the current fee, RM5. It demonstrated that visitors were willing to contribute in any preservation efforts of the site and the allocation of money can be used as maintenance cost of the heritage. Public involvement in tourism services demonstrates positive influences on protection of cultural heritage and development of local communities too. The originality of this paper is presented how the field of economic valuation denotes to calculate value for sustainable tourism in world heritage sites.
... As previous studies have reported, in contrast with hypothetical environments, people may act differently if purchasing housing against their willingness (Chan, Yiu, Baldwin, & Lee, 2009). Although results of CVM have been criticized because of its limitations in identifying differences between WTP and reality, it is particularly useful to assess the monetary values of non-market goods, services, environmental features, or parameters for policies (Chan et al., 2009;Kim et al., 2011). ...
... As previous studies have reported, in contrast with hypothetical environments, people may act differently if purchasing housing against their willingness (Chan, Yiu, Baldwin, & Lee, 2009). Although results of CVM have been criticized because of its limitations in identifying differences between WTP and reality, it is particularly useful to assess the monetary values of non-market goods, services, environmental features, or parameters for policies (Chan et al., 2009;Kim et al., 2011). ...
The demands and requirements for accessible housing of a diverse population can vary considerably, especially considering that “aging in place” is a growing trend among the elderly. In an aging society, accessibility can be a housingmarket commodity, and the demand in Korea for this commodity is expected to increase. The purpose of this study is to investigate the value of accessible housing and the consumer᾽s willingness to pay (WTP) using the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM). For the analysis, 700 people were interviewed based on the housing type and age group. More than half of the respondents were willing to pay more for accessible housing compared to conventional housing. The WTP amount differed considerably with the age group, gender, housing type, size of unit, and tenure type. The elderly showed a greater WTP than the younger group; higher economic status (as indicated by monthly household income), educational level, and home ownership influenced WTP. The results showed that accessible housing could be an important housing choice for the elderly and can be adopted as an affordable option. Moreover, the results can help reduce the negative perception of accessible housing, which is commonly associated with its supposed high costs.
First published online 16 October 2019
... An example of this method application is the assessment of goods such as the beauty of a natural environment or the quality of the built environment. This method is widely used in the assessment of built environment quality because of the difficulty of determining the value of its products through market mechanisms (Tresnadi [5], Edwin Chan [6], and Timmermans [7]). CVM generally uses questionnaires and interview respondents directly about their willingness to pay (WTP) about specific built environment design or product. ...
Recently the discussion about resiliency and housing design has been fast developed, including design for housing on riverfront as marginal area that usually occupied by low income people. The low income people generally will be the worst affected community in flood disaster situation, because of their un-affordability to achieve quality housing design. In other side, the funding support capacity especially from the local government is limited, so that the resilient environment also need to be supported by the community itself. In this context, the study about low income people's affordability to achieve resilient housing design is essential. This study was conducted to identify two important points: the design choice and the affordability level of resilient housing from the community viewpoints. Kampong Cieunteung, in Bale Endah Area, Bandung Regency is chosen as a case study, because this area annually experience severe flood from overflow of the Citarum River branch. In preliminary research phase, approximately 60% of the Kampong Cieunteung's resident need to stay and become indication that the community need resilient housing design to accommodate their live hood. The next phase, the contingent valuation method was implemented to gain resilient design choice and affordability perspective from the community. It is concluded that the community have ability to choose the resilient housing design based on their aspiration and based on their ability to pay. The result indicates that resilient housing design should have character of optional, module co-operational, and incremental to be afforded by the low income people.
... In Seoul, Korea, high-rise residents also preferred mid-range floors, but more respondents in Chicago and Tokyo wanted top floors (Lee, 2014). In Hong Kong, most respondents were willing to pay the most for a medium height unit (18th-28th floor) in 26-to 30-storey buildings (Chan et al., 2009). In Korea, 63% of the office workers in two supertall buildings favored medium floor levels (6th-15th floor) when purchasing or renting their dwellings (Chung and Park, 2006). ...
... Several studies in Hong Kong have shown that apartments on higher floors or with nice views are sold at higher prices (e.g., Tse, 2002;Choy et al., 2007;Jim and Chen, 2009;Hui et al., 2012). In Hong Kong, a water view is valued the most (Chan et al., 2009;Jim and Chen, 2009), and a garden view is equally desirable (Hui et al., 2012), but a street or building view decreases the price (Chan et al., 2009). Whether having a mountain view adds value to a property is unclear (Chan et al., 2009;Jim and Chen, 2009) and a sea view that is obstructed by other buildings does not necessarily increase property value (Hui et al., 2012). ...
... Several studies in Hong Kong have shown that apartments on higher floors or with nice views are sold at higher prices (e.g., Tse, 2002;Choy et al., 2007;Jim and Chen, 2009;Hui et al., 2012). In Hong Kong, a water view is valued the most (Chan et al., 2009;Jim and Chen, 2009), and a garden view is equally desirable (Hui et al., 2012), but a street or building view decreases the price (Chan et al., 2009). Whether having a mountain view adds value to a property is unclear (Chan et al., 2009;Jim and Chen, 2009) and a sea view that is obstructed by other buildings does not necessarily increase property value (Hui et al., 2012). ...
In the last few decades, tall buildings of 30 to over 100 stories are becoming more common in modern cities around the world, especially in Asia and the Middle-East, according to the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Extensive research has focused on the technical aspects of erecting tall buildings, yet few recent studies have been conducted to examine occupants’ experiences and responses. To assess what is already known about living and working in these tall buildings and to provide future directions for research, this paper reviews recent empirical studies on occupants’ perception of tall buildings, and physiological and psychological experiences in relation to its tallness. Occupants perceive better view, less noise, and better air quality as benefits for living and working on higher floors than on lower floors. However, occupants also expressed concerns about height, difficulty with vertical transportation, strong wind, and escape in case of fire. Note that the methodologies used in many of the self-reported studies are relatively weak. Given the scarcity of research regarding human responses, this mini-review aims to encourage behavioral scientists to collaborate with building science researchers to advance our understanding of human-environmental relations in this new habitat.
