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Harvesting and processing leaves of Astrocaryum chambira by Tikuna people. A, Harvesting spear leaves. B, Processing leaflets. C, Twisting. D, Weaving a bag.
Source publication
We studied the management of the fiber-producing chambira palm Astrocaryum chambira by indigenous people in the Colombian Amazon. Between 2009 and 2012, we visited four communities and two marketing centers, where we interviewed 12 people. In addition, we specifically observed A. chambira harvesting, processing, and commercialization; studied palm...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... is obtained from the unexpanded leaves of the largest acaulescent or of the lowest stemmed palms (Fig. 3A). As seen in San Martín de Amacayacu, large acaules- cent palms appropriate for harvest had 4-9 leaves, each with 78-116 leaflets per side (X=97.38, SD=11.38; n=16); it takes a palm 19 years to reach the minimum size required for harvest, then an increase in the number of leaflets in consecutive leaves, combined with the leaf production ...
Context 2
... fiber harvest is done by both men and women, fiber processing and artifact manufacture is strictly a women's activity (Fig. 3B-D). Processing is done at home, usually the day after harvest. If there are many leaflets, several women share the work. While sitting on the floor, they take the leaflet by its base and with their fingernail they separate the midvein in its basal 10-15 cm. They then take one of the blade halves and bend it downwards 10-15 cm from the ...
Context 3
... strings used for weaving are twisted by the women while sitting on the floor with stretched legs. They take a couple of fibers, match them, put the thinner ends between the first and second toes, and hold the other end with one hand; with the other hand they twist the fibers by rolling them over their thigh (Fig. 3C); the ends held between the toes are then loosened, disentangled, and pressed again between the toes for twisting a new portion of string; the same procedure is repeated three or four times, upon which new fibers are added; in this way, very long strings are produced, which are made into balls. Twisting is one of the most time-consuming ...
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... Astrocaryum chambira fibre is used to manufacture handicrafts commonly sold in local souvenir markets. Their enormous cultural and economic value has resulted in the persistence of this species in AFS that includes homegardens, agrisilvicultural systems and fallows of different ages (García et al., 2015;Valderrama, 2011;Vormisto, 2002). In these systems, palm resources complement the income produced in coffee and cocoa fields and have high potential as fodder (García et al., 2015;Holm Jensen & Balslev, 1995). ...
... Their enormous cultural and economic value has resulted in the persistence of this species in AFS that includes homegardens, agrisilvicultural systems and fallows of different ages (García et al., 2015;Valderrama, 2011;Vormisto, 2002). In these systems, palm resources complement the income produced in coffee and cocoa fields and have high potential as fodder (García et al., 2015;Holm Jensen & Balslev, 1995). ...
... In this review, we did not consider palm management types such as those involving landscape-scale domestication strategies, described, for instance, for Astrocaryum chambira or Oenocarpus bataua in the Ecuadorian or Colombian Amazon, respectively (García et al., 2015;Morcote-Ríos & Bernal, 2001;Smith, 2015). ...
Wild palms are among the most important plants in the Neotropics due to their wide distribution, species richness and cultural relevance for humans. In addition to their presence in forests, these plants also occur in anthropogenic systems throughout their range of distribution, but their role in these systems is often overlooked.
We explored databases of scientific publications to attain a panorama about the presence of wild palm species in agroforestry systems (AFS), their management and their role in those systems. Our keywords in the search engines were names of palm genera that occur in the Americas and types of agroforestry practices. We gathered and analysed information from 154 studies.
For each record, we registered: study sites, management actions, agroforestry practices and uses. We identified 65 species belonging to 24 genera managed in AFS, mainly including agrisilvicultural and silvopastoral systems, homegardens and agroforests.
We identified traits phylogenetically determined such as stem height, number and length of leaves, and fruit size that influence the presence of wild palms in AFS. Furthermore, we point out three major ways that favour the presence and management of palms in AFS: (1) the management of the canopy and the raise of palms in the understorey, (2) intentional enhancement or cultivation and (3) tolerance of palms during deforestation/fragmentation.
We emphasize that a change in the vision of palms as key components of agroforestry would favour future research and plans to improve their performance in these systems while ensuring their conservation.
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... Growth of plants, especially releasing new leaves, is a considerable nutrient sink, and leaf production of palm trees can be influenced by several environmental factors, such as water availability, light, and temperature (Steven et al., 1987;Sampaio and Scariot, 2008;Tucci et al., 2010;García et al., 2015;Woittiez et al., 2017). With adequate nutritional management, Macaw plants can release 11.8 leaves per year (Barleto, 2011). ...
Macaw palm (Acrocomia aculeata) is a widespread tree in Brazil, and the oil industry has been increasing interest in this tree due to its high oil concentrations, rusticity, and adaptability to different environments. Currently, macaw palms are being domesticated and are in an early rational cultivation process. Foliar diagnosis can contribute to managing fertilization, but there is no protocol for leaf sampling. This study aimed to evaluate the seasonal variation of leaf nutrient contents and indicate an adequate period for leaf sampling. Leaf contents of macro (N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S) and micronutrients (Cu, Mn, Fe and Zn) from composed samples of leaflets collected from the middle part of the tenth leaf were evaluated in 12 uninterrupted sampling times (January to December 2016). The data were submitted to analysis of variance. The distance from Mahalanobis and Tocher optimization methods was used to group sampling times of similar seasonal variations. Contents of N, P, K, Ca, S, Mn and Fe varied throughout the months. May and June are adequate to sample diagnostic leaves of macaw palm to analyze the nutritional status. Seasonal variation of N, S and Ca mostly contributed to the indication of leaf sampling time of macaw palm.
Keywords
nutrition; leaf diagnosis; fertilizer management; bioenergy
... In these zones, the use of Nuvan is essential to carry out this activity, since it eliminates the human botfly, also known as locally tupe or nuche (Dermatobia hominis), and controls other flies, lice, chiggers, and ticks present in tropical cattle. The use of methavin in fishing was reported from provinces such as Zamora Chinchipe and Sucumbíos, where the principal activities are agroforestry and palm production (García et al., 2015), respectively. Methavin is an insecticide that efficiently controls a wide range of insects, as well as all their stages of development, from eggs to adults. ...
Illegal fishing with agrochemicals and explosives is an uncontrolled problem that is causing long-lasting, irre-
versible damage to the aquatic ecosystems. The present investigation was carried out based on cases reported by
journalistic sources, which provided an overview of this unpleasant practice nationwide in Ecuador. To validate
journalistic information, 102 surveys were conducted in the Ecuadorian Amazon in six population groups: stu-
dents, anglers, UPMA (The Environmental Police Unit) police officers, Agrocalidad, MAATE (Ministry of the En-
vironment, Water and Ecological Transition) staff, and Amazon residents, categorized by their respective
provinces. The survey results confirmed that 49% of participants knew about the illegal use of agrochemicals and
dynamite in Amazonian fishing. Predominantly riverside communities were known to carry out this practice dur-
ing the dry season. The identified agrochemicals, ranked by frequency of use were as follows: Rotenone (26%),
Palmarol (l9%), Nuvan (3%), Methavin (2%); as well as Dynamite (9%); which were used to increase the fish
catching rates. According to the Kruskal-Wallis test, the frequency of annual fishing with agrochemicals or explo-
sives was significantly differ between the Amazonian provinces; attributed to differences in the sources and level
of incomes between the provinces. Therefore, a strong relationship between the economic status of fishermen
and the unsustainable fishing (using agrochemicals-explosives)was evidenced by the Spearman coefficient, with
a Rho of 0.985 (p ≤ 0.005). In summary, the use of agrochemicals and explosives is a common fishing method in
the Ecuadorian Amazon. This practice is associated with their sources of income, such as mining, and agriculture.
It is linked to the difficulty of controlling the commercialization of agrochemicals and dynamite, either through
contraband or the inclusion of the active ingredient in a wide range of pesticides. Given the irreversible adverse
impact of illegal fishing aquatic ecosystems, stringent action plants are greatly warranted by the Ecuadorian gov-
ernment and environmental agencies to protect the aquatic flora and fauna.
... In order to develop actionable strategies for the sustainable management of Colombian wild yams, many information gaps still need to be filled, especially about the supply chain and, in particular, the communities that participate in extraction of the resource. To date, supply chains have been studied for very few wild plants in Colombia (Andrade-Erazo et al. 2020;García et al. 2015;Isaza et al. 2014;Vallejo et al. 2016), and there is a lack of studies about wild medicinal plants of Colombia (Vásquez-Londoño and Bernal 2011). ...
... In South America, supply chains for wild plants have been widely reported for palm species (Andrade-Erazo et al. 2020;Bernal et al. 2010Bernal et al. , 2011Brokamp et al. 2011;García et al. 2015;Lescure et al. 1992;Padoch 1992;Virapongse et al. 2014). However, in-depth studies are lacking for most medicinal wild plants. ...
Tracing the Supply Chain of Medicinal Wild Yam Species ( Dioscorea spp.) in Cundinamarca, Colombia. Wild yams ( Dioscorea spp.) are widely distributed non-timber forest products that are traditionally used as medicine in Cundinamarca, Colombia, and represent a source of income for rural families in the region. The market for these native medicinal species has been growing due to their increasing popularity as a remedy for circulatory and blood problems; however, the supply and demand dynamics of this plant in the forest have not yet been documented. Through qualitative research methods, this study identifies the links and distribution of the wild yam supply chain in Cundinamarca and considers the implications for conservation and sustainability of the resource. Tuber collection was documented in forested areas in 14 municipalities in the Department of Cundinamarca. The tubers are destined for wholesale markets in Bogotá and are purchased by retailers from all over Cundinamarca, even those based in the municipalities from which the tubers were extracted. The collection, distribution, and consumption of Dioscorea species in Cundinamarca respond to growing demand and rely on extraction of the species directly from forest remnants within the Department; these could be at risk of overharvesting if management measures are not taken, or if participatory propagation programs that benefit harvesters and sellers are not implemented. This is the first study of the supply chain in an emerging new market for wild yams in Latin America. It highlights the dynamic, evolving nature of the medicinal plant trade from the local to the national scale, and beyond.
... Bag woven by Reinaldo da Silva, of the Tikuna people of the Colombian Amazon, with fibres from the unexpanded leaves of the chambira palm, Astrocaryum chambira Burret. This palm, the most important source of fibre in western Amazonia, was in process of domestication by the time of the European conquest (Garcia et al. 2015). Bought by Lauren Gardiner at the World Palm Symposium, Montenegro, Quindío, Colombia, 2015 (EBC 99453). ...
Kew’s Economic Botany Collection was first founded as the Museum of Economic Botany in 1847. Among a total collection
of 100,000 plant raw materials and plant products, it contains 320 specimens from Colombia. Recent research has enabled
botanical names to be updated and provenance data retrieved through archival research. The Colombian specimens are best
understood as representing changes in the scientific relationship between Colombia and Kew from the mid-nineteenth century
to today. We identify three stages in bioprospecting. In the nineteenth century, medicines, dyes, and other commercial materials
were sent to Kew for evaluation and subsequent display, often by British residents in Colombia. The Royal Pharmaceutical
Society Museum, now part of the Kew collection, also includes medicinal plants from Colombia. In the early twentieth century,
the Colombian government employed Morley Thomas Dawe to explore Colombia’s agricultural and botanical potential, leading
to the donation of 70 specimens to Kew. Later in the twentieth century, Colombian botanists donated timber specimens. In the
twenty-first century, the Colombia Bio project (between Colombia and Kew) led to the acquisition of new objects, emphasising
the development of sustainable livelihoods and the preservation of biocultural knowledge.
... Palm Astrocaryum chambira Burret leaves (García et al., 2015) Date-palm Phoenix dactylifera leaf sheath / leaf-stem / fruit-stem (Alotaibi et al., 2019) Abacá ...
Even with constant scientific advancement and technological development, the manufacturing activities of textile industry have changed little in relation to the original production systems, especially in poor/emerging countries, which concentrate the largest production volumes in the globe. Therefore, the polluting loads deposited in the soil, in the water, and in the atmosphere, in addition to the forest impacts caused by the textile industry are a serious problem. For these reasons, it is important to recognize how these problems affect society and how urgent it is to find more effective solutions. In this context, the present research aims to investigate the sectorial processes that make up the textile production chain, and show how each segment of this chain negatively affects the environment. Also, considering the problems that each textile process generates, from an ecological point of view, this work searched for types of eco-responsible actions that could be suggested, studied and/or implemented (within current technical/technological possibilities), to make the entire production chain more sustainable. Thus, the content presented in this study aims to address an idea of re-engineering, that is, something that can be rethought, reevaluated, renewed, and restructured within the scope of traditional textile processes, considering eco-responsible solutions for increased environmental sustainability.
... Colombia has more than 26,000 species of plants [10]; many of them produce fibres, which are only used at the artisanal level [11], to supply basic needs or to manufacture implements such as bags, hats, rugs, baskets, and sacks [12] and [13]. This research focuses on the Moriche palm fibre (MPF) that comes from the young leaves of the plant located between 30 m and 40 m, according to the height of the palm [14]. ...
Actualmente, existe la necesidad en todo el mundo, de crear nuevos materiales que sean amigables con el medio ambiente, para ser reemplazados por aquellos en donde la naturaleza requiere de tiempos de descomposición elevados. En este contexto, las fibras naturales se presentan como una alternativa de material para el consumo en la fabricación de partes industriales, principalmente por su bajo costo, menor peso y un consumo de energía inferior durante la fase producción, frente a las fibras sintéticas. Por tanto, en el siguiente documento se presenta una revisión, sobre las propiedades más relevantes de las fibras naturales para utilizadas como refuerzo en materiales compuestos. Se destaca inicialmente la estructura y clasificación de las fibras lignocelulosicas, luego las principales propiedades que se pueden determinar, posteriormente se concentra el estudio en las propiedades mecánicas, térmicas y morfológicas, plasmando los resultados obtenidos por diversos autores alrededor del mundo. Finalmente se hace una discusión sobre los resultados y las implicaciones de los mismos en la selección de la matriz polimérica y el proceso de fabricación de materiales compuestos. Palabras clave: estabilidad térmica, materiales compuestos, resistencia mecánica, morfología.
... Colombia has more than 26,000 species of plants [10]; many of them produce fibres, which are only used at the artisanal level [11], to supply basic needs or to manufacture implements such as bags, hats, rugs, baskets, and sacks [12] and [13]. This research focuses on the Moriche palm fibre (MPF) that comes from the young leaves of the plant located between 30 m and 40 m, according to the height of the palm [14]. ...
The characterization of natural fibres is currently used in the field of science and engineering of materials with the purpose of developing new bio-composites friendly to the environment. The goal of this research is to manufacture and characterize a bio-composite reinforced with Moriche palm fibre (Mauritia flexuosa) and to determine the thermal, mechanical and morphological properties of the fibre. Subsequently, the tensile and flexion properties of the composite was evaluated, as well as its morphology. The thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated that the fibre has hydrophilic characteristics and good stability at temperatures close to 200 °C. In the tensile test under static axial forces, its modulus of elasticity, stress and maximum deformation was determined. Its morphology, composed of the small lumen and wide cell wall with size variations, was examined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In the same way, the maximum tensile stress of the composite leads to the conclusion that it is viable to use this material for applications in non-structural elements, which are below 25 MPa. The results of maximum flexural strength (253.7 MPa) allow more extensive applications in doubly supported or overhanging parts subjected to concentrated or distributed loads. The microstructure obtained with SEM showed a poor adhesion between the matrix and the reinforcement.
... Colombia has more than 26,000 species of plants [10]; many of them produce fibres, which are only used at the artisanal level [11], to supply basic needs or to manufacture implements such as bags, hats, rugs, baskets, and sacks [12] and [13]. This research focuses on the Moriche palm fibre (MPF) that comes from the young leaves of the plant located between 30 m and 40 m, according to the height of the palm [14]. ...
The characterization of natural fibres is currently used in the field of science and engineering of materials with the purpose of developing
new bio-composites friendly to the environment. The goal of this research is to manufacture and characterize a bio-composite reinforced with
Moriche palm fibre (Mauritia flexuosa) and to determine the thermal, mechanical and morphological properties of the fibre. Subsequently,
the tensile and flexion properties of the composite was evaluated, as well as its morphology. The thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated
that the fibre has hydrophilic characteristics and good stability at temperatures close to 200 °C. In the tensile test under static axial forces,
its modulus of elasticity, stress and maximum deformation was determined. Its morphology, composed of the small lumen and wide cell wall
with size variations, was examined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In the same way, the maximum tensile stress of the composite
leads to the conclusion that it is viable to use this material for applications in non-structural elements, which are below 25 MPa. The results of
maximum flexural strength (253.7 MPa) allow more extensive applications in doubly supported or overhanging parts subjected to concentrated
... Por lo general, son aprovechadas las palmeras juveniles, cuyos brotes pueden ser cosechados sin mayor dificultad, debido a que la palmera no ha alcanzado mucha altura. El proceso para obtener la fibra de M. flexuosa es muy similar al realizado para obtener la fibra de la chambira ("risine" -Astrocaryum chambira Burret, Arecaceae), utilizada ampliamente en toda la Amazonía (Vormisto, 2002;García et al., 2015;Smith, 2015). ...
... Delprete & Nee (1997), reportan como las comunidades del Valle del río Huallaga usan la corteza de la especie Simira macrocater K. Schum (Rubiaceae) para teñir ropa y fibras de la palmera chambira Astrocaryum chambira. García et al. (2015) reporta el uso que el pueblo ticuna de la Amazonía colombiana da a la especie Simira cordifolia Hook f. (Rubiaceae), como tinte de color rojo para teñir la fibra de la chambira. ...
RESUMEN En la cuenca del río Chambira, Loreto, Perú, las mujeres Uranina son conocidas por tejer esteras llamadas "ela" o "cachihuango" de la fibra de la palmera aguaje (Mauritia flexuosa L.f.) y otras especies de los humedales. El tejido "ela" se convierte en seña de identidad que une el pasado con el presente de las nuevas generaciones, a través del vínculo entre la maestra tejedora y la joven aprendiza. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar las especies vegetales utilizadas por dos comunidades del pueblo urarina en sus tejidos tradicionales. Aplicamos entrevistas semi-estructuradas, observamos las prácticas textiles y visitamos las zonas donde las especies de plantas fueron colectadas. Se determinó el uso, directo o indirecto, de siete especies vegetales utilizadas en el tejido tradicional "ela". Los hallazgos refuerzan la idea de la adaptación tardía del pueblo urarina a los humedales y la importancia que la práctica tradicional tiene para la conservación de los ecosistemas inundables.
