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Analysis of geographic variation of chloroplast DNA in the eastern European and western Siberian (Tobol) groups of Calluna vulgaris populations isolated from each other for a long period of time has revealed distinct differentiation between them. It has been shown that three populations growing in the Russian Plain and Karelia share two haplotypes...
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Citations
... The marginal isolates, growing in extreme environmental conditions, namely protractedly isolated during Pleistocene relic, marginal, eastern, insular Pritobolye populations, located in the west of Western Siberia, are of great interest for revealing the process of intraspecific adaptive divergence of populations within the heather range. In the last ten years, versatile research of genetic, morphological, anatomic, and ecological peculiarities of the Pritobolye group of C. vulgaris populations was performed in the Botanical Garden of Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) based on the ideas and approaches of Ural ecological-genetic science school of Schwartz-Timofeev-Resovsky [13][14][15][16][17]. The results of the quantitative analysis of structure parameters and geographic variation of Pritobolye populations, compared to other populations growing within the entire species range, demonstrated significant differences between them, which enabled us to distinguish specific new taxon at the subspecies level-C. ...
... vulgais (L.) Hull ssp. tobolica [13]. Previously, a subspecies of C. vulgaris in Western Siberia was not distinguished. ...
... With the advancement to the east deep into the continent of Eurasia, heather is more often found under the canopy of pine forests and on the outskirts of raised bogs, avoiding flowing mesotrophic bog complexes. Its range is becoming more and more scattered, largely reflecting the range of pine forests growing on sandy terraces in Western Siberia [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. ...
The article presents the results of the study of fifty populations of common heather (Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull) collected throughout its range. A phased comparative analysis (genetic, biochemical, anatomical, morphological, and ecological) was carried out with the estimation of indicators that included two key populations—Zavodouspenskoe (Pritobolye, Western Siberia) and Luga (Baltic, Eastern Europe). It was concluded that heather growing in Western Siberia should be identified as a separate taxonomic group, giving it the status of a subspecies. The gene pool of Pritobolye populations (including Zavodouspenskoe) is represented by the completely dominant (100%) monohaplotype S, which is not found anywhere else. The heather plant growing in Zavodouspenskoe has a longer lifespan. It is distinguished by larger linear leaf dimensions (length 2.06 ± 0.09 mm), thicker cuticle (4.77 ± 0.33 μm), increased number of trichomes (18.98 ± 0.56), and a reduced number of stomata (13.60 ± 0.63) than that growing in Luga. The new subspecies differs in biochemical composition: twice less content of epicatechin (average 1.992 ± 0.005 mg g⁻¹), three times more myricetin (average 2.975 ± 0.005 mg g⁻¹), twice as much chlorogenic acid (average 2.763 ± 0.004 mg g⁻¹). An ecological feature is that C. vulgaris does not grow in the swamps of Western Siberia and has a small population. This species has a high horticultural potential and requires protection as its population in Western Siberia continues to decline rapidly.
... Many decorative varieties have also been selected. Isozyme and cpDNA analyses of C. vulgaris populations revealed broad genetic variation from the Pyrenees to Scotland [11][12][13][14][15] and a large genetic differentiation of European populations from the eastern marginal isolates of the Trans-Ural region [16,17,5]. ...
The aim of the research was to determine the origin of an isolated Atlantic Azorean population of heather
(Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull). The chloroplast DNA analysis showed it possessed genetic affinities with 4 populations
of the Dinaric-Pontic group in the extra glacial zone of the Mediterranean area as well as with a population
from the Atlantic coast (Coimbra) and a slight similarity to 5 other heather populations in this area. A hypothesis
of the ancestral center of the Azorean heather population origin in the Dinaric-Pontic region and the proximate
center of its ornithochoric dispersal to the Azores from the west of the Iberian Peninsula (Coimbra) has been
proposed.
... At the same time, according to the traditional paradigm of taxonomists, C. vulgaris as the unique species of a monotypic genus is regarded as almost unchangeable morphologically ("microevolutionarily dormant") throughout its range. This is unlikely to be true, since this species has distinct altitudinal phenological ecotypes [5,6], many ornamental varieties have been selected from it, and significant genetic and morphological and anatomical differences have been found between the isolated insular populations of the Tobolsk region and European populations [7,8]. The previous analysis of chloroplast DNA in 23 populations of C. vulgaris in Western Europe and Scandinavia [10] revealed a fairly wide variation of its haplotypes, with its level decreasing northwards. ...
The distribution of nine chloroplast DNA haplotypes in four insular North-Atlantic and four
European coastal Atlantic populations of Calluna vulgaris in the glacial zone of the range has been analyzed
in comparison with that in six marginal southern populations in the nonglacial zone of the Atlantic and Mediterranean
regions. As a result, two hypothetical Pleistocene refugia (HPRs) for this C. vulgaris population
group have been revealed, one in the Cévennes mountain range and the other in the Southern Alps (Trento).
Judging from the 1–FST value, it has been found that the group of populations in the glacial Atlantic zone and
adjacent European coastal Atlantic region is genetically similar to the HPR in the Cévennes at a highly significant
level (p ≥ 0.999) and less similar to the HPR in Trento; however, it differs significantly from other
Mediterranean and Atlantic populations. It has been concluded that the most probable hypothetical Pleistocene
refugium for the recent C. vulgaris populations of the northeastern Atlantic and European coastal Atlantic
regions was in the west of the Mediterranean, in the Cévennes, while the additional refugium was in the
Southern Alps. Possible directions of the postglacial dispersal and recolonization of habitats by C. vulgaris
populations from the western Mediterranean to the northeast of the Atlantic and to Scandinavia have been
revealed.
On the basis of the system of ordination for the geographic zonal and provincial replacement of types of pine forests, gradients, and some geographical trends of the main parameters of the morphostructure, the growth and viability of the cenopopulations of common heather Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull between various subzones of the Russian Plain and the western part of Western Siberia (Tobolsk area) have been revealed.
Geographic variation and differentiation of the chloroplast DNA haplotypes and morpho-anatomical leaf parameters were assessed in a number of eastern European groups of Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull. populations and in the Pritobolien group of populations of this species in Western Siberia, which have long been isolated from the European populations. Sharply pronounced genetic and phenotypic distances and their gradients between the Pritobolien and European population groups were revealed. These distances were many times higher than those between the relatively homogeneous eastern European groups. The data obtained generally supported the hypothesis on the phenogenetic divergence of the Pritobolien marginal populations of C. vulgaris from the European, probably at the subspecies level.
