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Citations
Camels play a crucial role as multipurpose animals, providing milk and meat and
serving as a means of transportation. They serve as a financial reserve for
pastoralists and hold significant cultural and social value. Camel milk, known for
its exceptional nutritional properties, is considered a valuable substitute for human
milk. However, udder infections, particularly mastitis, pose significant challenges
to camel farming. Mastitis, especially the subclinical form, is a persistent and
prevalent condition affecting milk hygiene and quality in dairy camels. This review
offers insights into the prevalence, risk factors, and bacterial pathogens associated
with subclinical mastitis in camels, noting its prevalence ranging from 9.28% to
87.78%. Pathogens identified include Staphylococcus aureus, Coagulase-negative
Staphylococcus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus dysgalactiae,
Escherichia coli, Micrococcus spp., Pasteurella haemolytica, and
Corynebacterium spp. The study outlines key risk factors contributing to camel
mastitis, emphasizing severe tick infestation, age, lactation stage, parity, body
condition score, skin lesions on the teats or udders, anti-suckling devices, udder
history, conformation, breed, unhygienic milking practices, and production system,
amongst others, that have been reported to be important in the prevalence of
subclinical mastitis. The findings underscore the importance of holistic
management practices, emphasizing hygiene, health monitoring, and targeted
interventions to ensure camel well-being and productivity in various agro-pastoral
contexts.
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Keywords: Bacterial pathogens, Camel mastitis, Risk factors, Sub-clinical
mastitis, Udder
