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This scoping study aimed to determine the level of tourism investment that had taken place within the GLTFCA since it was formally established in 2000. The implications of tourism development in the area for sustainable development2 were also appraised, with respect to their economic, social and environmental implications.
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... However, considering border access between communities in Zimbabwe, Mozambique, and South Africa, it is apparent that there has neither been much improvement in terms of joint cross-border community consultations nor the associated economic benefi ts. Although the Sengwe community, which owns the land in the Sengwe corridor between the Kruger National Park and the Zimbabwean Gonarezhou Park, intends to join the Great Limpopo, the Zimbabwean government has still not formally consulted this community to enable its involvement in accordance with the Zimbabwean law ( Spenceley, 2005). Removal of the boundary fence between South Africa and Zimbabwe is also hampered by the fact that it acts as an important barrier to the spread of veterinary diseases, such as bovine tuberculosis in buffalo and foot and mouth disease (Ramutsindela, 2004: 69). ...
... O Covane Community Lodge localiza-se no distrito de Massingir, a cerca de 7 km da vila de Massingir, na comunidade de Canhane com cerca de 1000 habitantes que vivem a base da pesca e da migração para as minas da RSA (Helvetas Moçambique, 2002). O empreendimento foi construído com o apoio da Helvetas e da USAID que financiaram USD20,000 e USD50,000 respectivamente (Spenceley, 2005). O lodge abriu ao público no dia 21 de Maio de 2004 e possui 4 casas: duas casas tradicionais em madeira (700,00 MT/noite); dois chalets (1.600,00 MT/noite); três tendas e um espaço para acolher viajantes que trazem o seu próprio equipamento. ...
... O lodge abriu ao público no dia 21 de Maio de 2004 e possui 4 casas: duas casas tradicionais em madeira (700,00 MT/noite); dois chalets (1.600,00 MT/noite); três tendas e um espaço para acolher viajantes que trazem o seu próprio equipamento. A Helvetas facilitou a delimitação de uma área de 7024 ha, a obtenção de uma licença para a prática do turismo e organizou uma constituição para a associação (Spenceley, 2005). O lodge fornece emprego directo a oito pessoas formadas em diferentes áreas (Lopes, 2006 .000,00 ...
Moçambique completou (01 de Abril de 2007) uma década a suporte legal do MCRN (florestas e fauna bravia). A velocidade com que o MCRN cresceu em Moçambique logo a seguir ao programa Tchuma Tchato em 1995 é muito grande. Entre 1995 e 2004, cerca de 68 projectos foram iniciados pelas diferentes províncias e presentemente encontram-se em diferentes estágios de evolução. O objectivo principal destes projectos é a melhoria das condições de vida da comunidade rural, assegurando a gestão participativa e sustentável dos recursos naturais com vista à redução da pobreza. Paralelamente, metodologias de trabalho com enfoque a processos participativos e aspectos de género foram desenvolvidas e adoptadas, resultando numa complexidade de formas de interacção entre as comunidades e os parceiros (Estado, privado, ONG’s). O quadro legal de suporte ao MCRN melhorou muito desde o início da implementação de iniciativas de maneio comunitário em Moçambique.
The concern for environmental protection within an increasingly globalised international system has led to the planning of Transfrontier Conservation Areas, among which Peace Parks aim to achieve or maintain peace across borders. Based on the growing importance that tourism practice has for the sustainability of Peace Parks, this chapter reflects on how the tourism activity developed within Peace Parks can contribute to peacebuilding processes. This dynamic is addressed by analysing a case study, focused on the Great Limpopo Transfrontier Park. It shows that tourism has the potential to positively contribute to sustainability, creating better living conditions for the local population and, consequently, promoting the achievement of peace. However, it also shows that tourism may have the opposite effect if national interests dominate, if there is insufficient consultation of local communities' interests or if sensitive border and land-use issues are not overcome.
The concern for environmental protection within an increasingly globalised international system has led to the planning of Transfrontier Conservation Areas, among which Peace Parks aim to achieve or maintain peace across borders. Based on the growing importance that tourism practice has for the sustainability of Peace Parks, this chapter reflects on how the tourism activity developed within Peace Parks can contribute to peacebuilding processes. This dynamic is addressed by analysing a case study, focused on the Great Limpopo Transfrontier Park. It shows that tourism has the potential to positively contribute to sustainability, creating better living conditions for the local population and, consequently, promoting the achievement of peace. However, it also shows that tourism may have the opposite effect if national interests dominate, if there is insufficient consultation of local communities' interests or if sensitive border and land-use issues are not overcome.
Zimbabwe tourism development has suffered the pitfalls of uneven development often producing disproportionate distribution of returns. While tourism has been promulgated as a panacea to the socio-economic development challenges Zimbabwe is facing, local and often marginalized rural communities have not meaningfully reaped the benefits through tourism income. In this paper community tourism entrepreneurship is suggested as a viable option to promote sustainable tourism as it places the local communities at the centre of tourism planning and management. The entrepreneurial model puts limelight on the Community Based Tourism evaluation criteria that fosters a broad-based ownership of the tourism resource base, and focuses on the degree of individual participation and the extent to which the tourism income is earned directly by local communities through entrepreneurial activities and administering tourism services. The findings of this study, based on a survey of the Community Based Tourism Enterprises in Mashonaland West Province in Zimbabwe indicate that local communities occupy a peripheral role in the tourism sector matrix. The real tourism industry is taking place outside of community control and influence. There is therefore need to build Community Based Tourism Enterprises (CBTEs) capacity in terms of tourism product development, linkages with the tourism market and further enhance community collective awareness of tourism opportunities in their locality. In this paper it is therefore notable that a higher level of community tourism entrepreneurship leads to greater socio-economic benefits for the majority of residents leading to biodiversity conservation and sustainable tourism development.
The Great Limpopo Transfrontier Park (GLTP) is a transboundary protected area that straddles the borders of Mozambique, South Africa and Zimbabwe. The park's development was partly motivated by the ecological objective of re-establishing traditional migratory wildlife routes once fences between the three countries are dismantled. Besides biodiversity conservation benefits, the park may also provide a basis to generate revenue for conservation and local economic development through tourism. This paper describes current state and private sector tourism within the GLTP and planning initiatives that may promote responsible tourism, and describes the achievements by community-based tourism enterprises and public-private partnerships in generating economic, social and environmental benefits. The livelihoods of people living in the park are outlined in relation to government policies on land redistribution, resettlement and options for the future, and progress in biodiversity conservation and responsible nature-based tourism development within the GLTP over the past five years is evaluated.
