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Gochnatia polymorpha (Less.) Cabrera, Asteraceae. A. General aspect; B. Aspect of aerial parts; C. Numerous trichomes on the abaxial side; D. Transection of the leaf blade showing capitate glandular trichome (gt), epidermis (ep), cuticle (cu), subepidermal layer (sep), palisade parenchyma (pp), bundle sheath extension (ebs). Bars = 15 cm (A), 5 cm (B), 20 µm (D).
Source publication
Gochnatia polymorpha (Less.) Cabrera, Asteraceae, is popularly known as cambará and cambara-de-folha-grande in Brazil. It is used in traditional medicine to treat respiratory and gastrointestinal disorders. Pharmacological studies revealed anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, antibacterial and antiviral activities. The goal of this paper was to carry...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... analysis of Gochnatia polymorpha ( Figure 1A) reveals simple leaves varying from oblong- lanceolate to elliptical-lanceolate in form and measuring 8-12 cm in length and 3-5 cm in width, with alternate phyllotaxy, mucronate acute apex, rounded base, entire or slightly toothed margin, pinnate venation and short petiole. The adaxial surface is bright green as compared to the gray abaxial side ( Figure 1B). ...
Context 2
... analysis of Gochnatia polymorpha ( Figure 1A) reveals simple leaves varying from oblong- lanceolate to elliptical-lanceolate in form and measuring 8-12 cm in length and 3-5 cm in width, with alternate phyllotaxy, mucronate acute apex, rounded base, entire or slightly toothed margin, pinnate venation and short petiole. The adaxial surface is bright green as compared to the gray abaxial side ( Figure 1B). In addition, the leaves show coriaceous consistency. ...
Context 3
... transection, the epidermis is uniseriate along the leaf blade. An adaxial subepidermal cell layer is observed ( Figure 1D) which can represent a hypodermis. However no ontogenetic study was performed to confirm this hypotesis. ...
Context 4
... no ontogenetic study was performed to confirm this hypotesis. The epidermis is coated with a thick and smooth cuticle ( Figures 1D, 2A) on both sides. The cuticle is slightly thicker on the adaxial surface. ...
Context 5
... non-glandular trichomes occur only on the abaxial surface ( Figure 1C) and some glandular trichomes inserted in small depressions are found on both sides (Figures 1D, 2A). The non-glandular trichomes are branched with T-shaped apical cell ( Figures 1C, 3B). ...
Context 6
... non-glandular trichomes occur only on the abaxial surface ( Figure 1C) and some glandular trichomes inserted in small depressions are found on both sides (Figures 1D, 2A). The non-glandular trichomes are branched with T-shaped apical cell ( Figures 1C, 3B). ...
Context 7
... non-glandular trichomes occur only on the abaxial surface ( Figure 1C) and some glandular trichomes inserted in small depressions are found on both sides (Figures 1D, 2A). The non-glandular trichomes are branched with T-shaped apical cell ( Figures 1C, 3B). The capitate glandular trichomes are stalked or sessile and the head consists of one or two cells ( Figures 1D, 2A, 3C, 3D). ...
Context 8
... non-glandular trichomes are branched with T-shaped apical cell ( Figures 1C, 3B). The capitate glandular trichomes are stalked or sessile and the head consists of one or two cells ( Figures 1D, 2A, 3C, 3D). ...
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Citations
... polymorphum (MP), also known by the synonym Gochnatia polymorpha (Less) (GP), corresponds to the latest revision of the MPNS (Medicinal Plant Names Services) and is found in several Latin American countries, although it is mainly found in Brazil. Its flowers, leaves and bark have excellent potential as a source of natural antioxidants and thus have been used in medicine for the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract, muscular diseases such as rheumatism, chronic diseases and cancer (de Moraes Gonçalves et al., 2019;Guarneire et al., 2021;Piornedodos et al., 2011;Teixeira et al., 2016;Youssef et al., 2013). MP has been shown to be a safe anti-inflammatory agent for use during pregnancy, as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may be abortifacient during their use in pregnancy (David et al., 2014). ...
Ethnopharmacological relevance:
The chosen plant and its extracts have been an alternative in the treatment of several inflammatory and oxidant diseases, and is therefore a viable option for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis.
Aim of the study:
This study aimed to use Moquiniastrum polymorphum subsp. polymorphum, mainly the ethanolic extract and fractions, in the treatment of hepatic fibrosis.
Materials and methods:
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Results:
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Conclusion:
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... among This preprint research paper has not been peer reviewed. Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.Gochnatia complex and many other Asteraceae(Freire et al. 2002;Metcalfe and Chalk, 1950; 293 Sancho, 1999;Youssef et al., 2013), whereas multistoried T-shaped trichome are not very common in294 Asteraceae and only have been reported in the tribe Senecioneae(Robinson, 1989) and in Ianthopappus 295 genus (Freire et al., 2002). 296 G. glutinosa leaves in transversal section showed heterogenous isolateral mesophyll with dense 297 content, formed by three to four layers of short adaxial palisade chlorenchyma, three to four layers of 298 compact spongy tissues with rounded cells and one or two layers of palisade abaxial parenchyma (Fig. 299 4A). ...
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... Author(s) agree that this article remain permanently open access under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 International License empirically, without scientific support for efficacy and safety, which shows that in a country like Brazil, with enormous biodiversity, there is a huge gap between the supply of plants and little research Santos et al., 2014). Among the great diversity of plants, there is the Astereaceae family, which includes different Calea genera (Youssef et al., 2013). The genus Calea consists of 110 species that are distributed from northern to southern Brazil (Moura and Roque, 2014). ...
... (Freire et al., 2007), and B. usterii Heering (Budel and Duarte, 2010). Moreover, other genera of Asteraceae have these glandular trichomes, mainly Gochnatia (Youssef et al., 2013), Calea (Budel et al., 2006;Camilotti et al., 2014) and Mikania (Gasparetto et al., 2010;Amorin et al., 2014;Araújo et al., 2015). Furthermore, other types of glandular trichomes were also described for "carquejas" as uniseriate capitate glandular trichomes in B. sagittalis (Less.) ...
Baccharis L. sect. Caulopterae, Asteraceae, comprises thirty species in Brazil that show stems represented by cladodes, which are very similar in morphology. These species are popularly known as " carqueja " in Brazil and Argentina and are used in popular medicine as diuretic and stomachic. The aim of this work was to examine the morpho-anatomical characters of cladodes of Baccharis pentaptera (Less.) DC. for diagnosis purposes. The plant material was prepared by light and scanning electron microscopy. B. pentaptera shows opposite and spread wings in the two-winged cladode axis and irregular arrangement in the three-winged cladode. The wings have a uniseriate epidermis with palisade parenchyma next to both sides of epidermis. The spongy parenchyma crossed by minor collateral vascular bundles is observed in the central region of wings. The glandular trichomes are capitate and biseriate and the non-glandular trichomes are uniseriate and flagelliform with 2–3 cells that extend from the base. In caulinar axis, there are uniseriate epidermis, chlorenchyma alternating with angular collenchyma and perivascular fiber caps adjoining the phloem which is outside the xylem. Prismatic and styloid crystals are verified in the perimedullary zone. These combined characters can assist the diagnosis of Baccharis species sect. Caulopterae.
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In southern Brazil, the bottled latex of Synadenium grantii Hook f., Euphorbiaceae, is popularly used as a treatment of all types of cancer. Similarly, Synadenium umbellatum Pax. is used in the central western region of Brazil for the same purpose and in the same manner of use. Both plants are popularly known as janaúba or leitosinha. The objectives of this study were to use pharmacobotanical analysis to verify whether these two species, which are considered to be distinct, are actually the same to determine anatomical markers; to assist in the identification and differentiation of other Euphorbia; and to evaluate the cytotoxic activity of the latex in relation to HeLa and HRT-18 cells. Leaves and stems of the species were collected in Goiânia and Ponta Grossa and were investigated using scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy techniques. The latex was also collected and analyzed in relation to its cytotoxic effect by employing MTT and NR techniques. The pharmacobotanical study of the specimens in both localities showed that they were the same species, namely Euphorbia umbellata (Pax) Bruyns, which is the scientific nomenclature accepted and confirmed by an expert taxonomist who specializes in Euphor-bia. The pharmacobotanical characteristics highlighted in this study can assist in the identification of the taxon and contribute to the control of the quality of this plant drug. The evaluation of the latex in relation to HRT-18 cells demonstrated action after 48 h of experiment. In contrast, in relation to HeLa cells its induced cytotoxicity in all times and a dose-dependent manner. The IC 50 values (72 h) observed were 252.58 ± 18.51 g/ml and 263.42 ± 15.92 g/ml to MTT experiment and 250.18 ± 19.48 g/ml and 430.56 ± 19.71 g/ml to NR experiment for the HeLa and HRT-18 cells, respectively.
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Piper amalago L., Piperaceae, popularly known as jaborandi-manso, is a shrub that spans a height of 2–7 m. It can be found in the regions of Southern America downward up to the south of Brazil. Traditionally it is used to treat digestive problems, heart problems, and burns. This study aims to conduct an anatomical investigation and analysis of the leaves and stems of P. amalago through electron scanning and optical micro techniques. The analysis showed that P. amalago has a hypostomatic leaf, with a subepidermal layer on its surface. There are grandular trichomes that resemble sacs, conic non-glandular trichomes, dorsiventral mesophyll, and a plano-convex midrib having a single vascular bundle in the center. The petiole is short with irregularly shaped and adaxially grooved. The stem is circular in shape and contains two circles of vascular bundles and a sclerenchymatic sheath in the perimedular region. These anatomical features of the Piper amalago's leaves and stems make it easy to pick it out among other species of the Piper genus. This is helpful when conducting quality control process.
... According to Metcalfe and Chalk (1950), the presence of stomata in frontal view has diagnostic value in Asteraceae. Several genera of Asteraceae can present anomocytic (predominantly) and anisocytic stomata as observed in Gochnatia (Youssef et al. 2013), Lucilia , Baccharis (Oliveira et al. 2011;Souza et al. 2011), Mikania, Porophyllum and Vernonia (Milan et al. 2006). The studied species revealed both the anomocytic and anisocytic stomata only in the abaxial surface. ...
... In this work, morphology was used as classification criteria. Glandular trichomes have been described for Asteraceae family (Milan et al. 2006;Souza et al. 2011;Youssef et al. 2013;Pereira et al. 2014). C. serrata showed two types of glandular trichomes, capitate-stalked and capitate-sessile. ...
The genus Calea belongs to the tribe Heliantheae and presents about 125 species. Calea serrata, popularly known as erva-de-cobra, chá-amargo and quebra-tudo, is an endemic species found in southern Brazil and is used in traditional medicine to treat ulcers and livers problems. The present work aimed to study the pharmacobotanical characters of leaves and stems of C. serrata for quality control purposes. The plant material was processed according to standard methods of light and scanning electron microscopy. Glandular capitate-stalked and capitate-sessile, uniseriate multicellular non-glandular trichome with tapered apical cell, conical non-glandular trichome, isobilateral mesophyll, secretory ducts near the endoderm and circular shape with six ribs in the stem were important characters, which contributed to the identification of the species.
... In contrast to the observations in the present work, multicellular biseriate glandular trichomes have been described for many species of Asteraceae (Budel and Duarte, 2008a;Souza et al., 2013;Youssef et al., 2013) including Mikania: M. congesta DC, M. microlepis (Oliveira et al., 1994), M. glomerata (Neves and Sá, 1991;Milan et al., 2006;Gasparetto et al., 2010), and M. laevigata (Budel et al. 2009). Apple-shaped glandular trichomes with 1-3 cells on both epidermal sides were described by Oliveira et al. (1994) for M. smilacina DC. ...
Mikania lanuginosa DC, Asteraceae, is popularly known as “cipó-cabeludo” in Brazil due to a remarkable number of trichomes on its leaves and stems. It shows antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis and Bacillus cereus. This species can be confused with M. microlepis Baker and M. hirsutissima DC for substitution and tampering purposes. The aim of this study was to investigate the morpho-anatomy of leaf and stem of M. lanuginosa to obtain pharmacobotanical data that may contribute to its identification and taxonomic definition from other species of Mikania. The leaves and stems were investigated using scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy techniques. Mikania lanuginosa shows a uniseriate epidermis covered by a thin and smooth cuticle. The epidermal cells present sinuous anticlinal walls on both sides and anomocytic stomata were observed. A few glandular trichomes and numerous non-glandular trichomes were identified on both surfaces. The mesophyll is dorsiventral, the midrib has a biconvex contour and the petiole shows a circular shape in a cross-section. The stem has a circular shape. These pharmacobotanical features described for M. lanuginosa support data for its identification and taxonomic delimitation from other Mikania species, and are a contribution for the quality control of herbal drugs.
