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Global average surface temperature since 1860 Note: Bars are annual average, solid line is decadal average Source: IPCC, 2001 1
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Context 1
... UK submission to the UNFCCC declares that 0.24 Mt of methane were emitted from active coal mines during 2002, accounting for 12% of all UK methane emissions. Historically, the contribution of coal mine methane to the UK's methane budget was more significant when major coal fields in the UK where extensively mined for power generation and industry ( Figure 20). However, the decline of the UK coal industry and subsequent large scale pit closures has resulted in far fewer mines and emissions. ...
Context 2
... the methane combusts, the temperature rises and the excess heat can be recovered from the exhaust gas. This process also causes the far side of the bed to heat up, so the direction is reversed periodically to ensure that the combustion hotspot remains in the centre of the reactor bed (Figure 22). Ventilation air methane may also be utilised as combustion air -in other words it is used as a 'primed' air mix for the combustion of other fuels. ...
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... chemistry of these species and their influence on OH concentrations in the troposphere is a major factor in the rate of removal of CH4 from the atmosphere. Sources and sinks of the hydroxyl radical are shown in Figure 24. ...
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... well as the important role OH plays in initiating oxidation chains that remove methane from the atmosphere, it similarly removes other volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nitrogen dioxide from the atmosphere. Other trace Figure 24: Sources and sinks of the hydroxyl radical species, such as HO2, can also be removed by reaction with the OH radical. However, the main reaction that affects the concentration of OH in the atmosphere is the reaction with carbon monoxide, CO. ...
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... reaction of CH4 with either Cl or O* yields a methyl radical, which undergoes subsequent reactions to form CO2 and H2O in the same manner as in the troposphere ( Figure 23). The only difference between the chemistry of methane in the upper stratosphere compared to the troposphere and lower stratosphere lies in the possibility of different chain initiation steps that do not rely on the hydroxyl radical. ...
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