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Geranium glaberrimum Boiss. & Heldr. -A. Habit. -B. Leaf. -C. Stipules. -D. Bracteoles. -E. Flower without petals. -F. Outer sepal. -G. Petal. -H. Petal claw. -I. Stamen. -J. Fruit. -K, L. Mericarps. A-I based on Sorger 67-5-62 (W). J-L based on Sorger 73-13-32 (W).
Source publication
Geranium L. sect. Ruberta Dumort. and section Unguiculata (Boiss.) Reiche (Geraniaceae) consists of 10 and two species, respectively. The highest diversity of section Ruberta is located in Macaronesia with seven species, four of them endemic. Additionally, two species are endemic to Turkey, another is restricted to southern Spain and Morocco, and t...
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Geranium molle L. var. album, is reported for the first time from Sqoubin district belongs to Lattakia governorate, it is morphologically described and photographed. This variety is distinguished by its unique white flowers among all subspecies and varieties of the Geranium molle.
Geranium pusillum (Geraniaceae) is reported new for the vascular flora of Alabama from collections made in disturbed areas along major highways and streets throughout the Highland Rim Physiographic Region of northern Alabama. This species is considered introduced in Alabama and has been documented as a non-native herb throughout most of Canada and...
Citations
... Geranium Linnaeus (1753: 676), comprises approximately 325 species and is distributed globally, excluding low lying tropical regions (Aedo 2017). However, some new Geranium species were described in the last years (e.g., Heenan & Courtney 2017;Wagh & Hurrah 2020b;Wagensommer & Venanzoni 2021;. ...
... Specimens of Geranium janakianum were collected from "Valley of flower" Uttarakhand in 2017 and 2022 (Map 1). Terminology used for description of morphological characters follows Aedo (2017). The description was crosschecked with the keys provided in published flora (Bobrov 1949;Nasir 1983;Malhotra 1997 andXu &Aedo 2008) and monographs (Knuth 1912;Aedo , 2001Aedo , 2012Aedo et al. 1998, 2002, 2005, 2016and Yeo 1992, 2004. ...
A new species, Geranium janakianum, is described and illustrated here from Uttarakhand State, India. Photographs and a comparison of the diagnostic features of the new taxon with those of the morphologically similar species, G. himalayense and G. wlassovianum, are provided. These three species are characterised by palmatipartite leaves and relatively less lobed leaf segments. However, G. janakianum is clearly distinguished from its close relatives by having a pentamerous leaf lamina, rounded petal apex, micro-morphological features of the seed, mericarp and pollen in addition to the presence of stomata all over the plant.
... The aerial stem is erect, quite long, naked up to the in orescence with zygomorphic owers, pink or purplish in colour. Basal leaves are in persistent rosette, whereas cauline leaves are opposite, ve-lobed (palmate), with glandular and eglandular hairs (Aedo 2017;Yeo 2004). An essential oil containing the monoterpenoids geraniol and beta-citronellol, and several sesquiterpenes including germacrone, are extracted from the aerial parts of the plant to be used in aromatherapy and phytotherapy (Harborne and Williams, 2002;Stoeva, 2002). ...
... Regarding the chromosome number, two cytotypes corresponding to two ploidy level, 2n = 2x = 46 and 2n = 4x = 92, were observed (Baltisberger and Baltisberger 1995;Baltisberger 1991;Gauger 1937 G. macrorrhizum belongs to the section Unguiculata of subgenus Geranium, one of the four subgenera of the genus (Aedo 2018). At present, section Unguiculata includes only one other species, G. dalmaticum, with 2n = 2x = 46 (Aedo 2017;Baltisberger 1984;Yeo 2004). A close morphological similarity exists between the two species, so that in the past G. dalmaticum had been considered a subspecies or a variety of G. macrorrhizum (cf. ...
... A close morphological similarity exists between the two species, so that in the past G. dalmaticum had been considered a subspecies or a variety of G. macrorrhizum (cf. Aedo 2017). A third species, G. kikianum, endemic to the Taigetos Mountains (Peloponnese, Greece), tetraploid as G. macrorrhizum, was ascribed to this section (Tan et al. 2011), but considered a synonym of G. macrorrhizum after an in-depth revision (Aedo 2017). ...
Geranium macrorrhizum L. is a herbaceous species native to southern Europe, and introduced in central Europe and North America. It is widely distributed also in Italy, up to Campania region as the southern limit. In this study, molecular and cytogenetic analyses were carried out on 22 wild plants, collected in central and southern Italy, compared to five cultivated plants, with the main purpose to identify those living near the Marmore waterfalls in central Italy, recently described as the new species G. lucarinii . Four barcoding markers ( rbcL , matK , trnH-psbA intergenic spacer, and internal transcribed spacer region, ITS) were sequenced and their variability among the plants was evaluated. Chromosome numbers were determined and 45S rDNA was physically mapped by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in both wild and cultivated plants. Moreover, genomic affinity between wild and cultivated plants was evaluated by genomic in situ hybridization (GISH). Our results confirmed that all the plants, including Marmore population, belong to G. macrorrhizum . Barcoding analyses showed a close similarity among the wild plants, as well as a differentiation, although not significant, between the wild plants on one hand and the cultivated plants on the other. Integrated studies focusing on morphological, genetic and ecological characterization of a larger number of wild populations will allow for knowing the extent of the variability within the species.
... The genus Geranium L. (Geraniaceae Juss.) with about 325 species is distributed worldwide and new species are constantly being discovered [1][2][3][4]. A great number of geraniums are available to gardeners, and hundreds of cultivars have been used in gardens [5][6][7]. ...
... On the upright stem, there are abundant flowers with a diameter of about 3~4 cm, petals obovate, and colors ranging from bright to purple pink. The inflorescence is dichasial with 2-flowered cymules, similar to other species of the same genus [1]. Mature flowers contain five separate sepals and five petals. ...
Flower bud differentiation is of great significance for understanding plant evolution and ecological adaptability. The development of flower buds and mixed buds in the dichasial inflorescence of Geranium koreanum was described in this paper. The morphogenesis, surface structure, and organ morphology at different growth stages of G. koreanum buds were examined in detail using scanning electron microscope and stereo microscope. The development of mixed buds started from the flattened apical meristem. The stipule and leaf primordia arose first. Subsequently, the hemispherical meristem was divided into two hemispheres, forming a terminal bud and floral bud primordia, followed by lateral bud differentiation. The formation of the terminal and lateral buds of G. koreanum was sequential and their differentiation positions were also different. The floral bud primordia would develop into two flower units and four bracts. The primordia of a flower bud first formed the sepal primordia, then the stamen and petal primordia, and finally the pistil primordia. Compared to the stamen primordia, the growth of the petal primordia was slower. Finally, all organs, especially the petals and pistil, grew rapidly. When the pistil and petals exceeded the stamens and the petals changed color, the flower bud was ready to bloom.
... The genus Geranium Linnaeus (1753: 676) (Geraniaceae Jussieu 1789: 268) with about 325 species is distributed throughout most of the world except in lowland tropical regions (Aedo 2017). New species of Geranium were described during the last few years from different continents (Heenan & Courtney 2017, Wagensommer & Venanzoni 2021, Hurrah et al. 2022b. ...
The delimitation and taxonomic status of Geranium mascatense Boiss. in India has not merely been in a state of flux, but also experience distributional inconsistency both at national and global level. The study aims at highlighting an extension to the global distribution range of this species and at resolving the chaos that exists about its taxonomy and distribution in India. The results are validated through detailed description, illustrations, digital photographs, macro and micro-morphological characters, comparison with allied species, taxonomic key, notes on taxonomy and distribution map of G. mascatense and its nearest kin, G. ocellatum.
... Erodioidea (Picard) Yeo, [2]. In the following years, while the subgenera included in this classification are accepted, the sectional classification is reevaluated and new subsections were added as well [1,[3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. As its systematic situation is always in dispute, Geranium are excellent systems to use for determining diversification and speciation. ...
... Sect. Lucida, Ruberta and Unguiculata occur 12 taxa, which are Macaronesia, Turkey, southern Spain, Morocco, southern France, and western Asia [9]. The only one chromosome number is reported in G. [26,29,41]. ...
Abstract Chromosomal data and karyological relationships provides valuable contributions to understanding speciation and karyotypic phylogeny. Because of the large number of species, wide distribution, morphological differences and chromosomal variations, Geranium is an important genus for determining the relationship between chromosomal alterations and karyotypic phylogeny. In the present study, the chromosomal data of 38 taxa are provided, nine of which are given for the first time (G. eginense, G. gracile, G. ibericum subsp. jubatum, G. lasiopus, G. libani, G. libanoticum, G. petri-davisii, G. ponticum, G. psilostemon), five present new chromosome numbers (G. asphodeloides, G. ibericum subsp. ibericum, G. molle subsp. molle, G. pretense, G. rotundifolium), and 24 agree with previous reports. Eleven different diploid numbers (2n = 18, 20, 22, 26, 28, 30, 32, 46, 48, 64, and 84) are detected. In basic numbers, infraspecific variations are encountered. The comprehensive variations of basic numbers and the relatively low rate of polyploid species showed in the present study promote the evolutionary significance of karyotype alterations by dysploidy mechanism. Regarding karyological relationships, G. sanguineum forms a monophyletic group by quite different karyological features, which are different basic number, diploid number, and karyotype sample and high ploidy level. Other clad consists of two subclades with a medium strong monophyletic group. In regression analyses, there are significant positive correlations between THL and 2n/ploidy levels. Asymmetry indices (CVCL and MCA) show weak positive correlations mainly caused by polyploidy. The most asymmetrical karyotypes are G. molle subsp. bruitium in intrachromosomal asymmetry and G. asphodeloides in interchromosomal asymmetry.
... Geranium L. (1753) comprises c. 325 species (Aedo 2017) and is distributed in temperate regions (Aedo et al. 1998). Twenty-seven species are known from India (Malhotra 1997;Wagh et al. 2015). ...
Nomenclature issue of Geranium arnottianum is here discussed. The comparison
of G. arnottianum with its allied species is also discussed for its easy identification.
... In fact the diagnostic features of the species under these two genera based on fruit margin and awn, seed discharge and leaf morphology. Aedo (1996Aedo ( , 2000Aedo ( , 2001Aedo ( , 2003Aedo ( , 2017 [1][2][3][4][5] revised the different sections belonging to genus Geranium in series of research works, and he found that the hair type and density beside the some floral morphological features can help in the discrimination of the taxa under the genus. Troshkina (2021) found the mericarp size and its epidermal cell shrinkage are useful characters in the taxonomy of the taxa under genus Geranium section Recurvata. ...
... In fact the diagnostic features of the species under these two genera based on fruit margin and awn, seed discharge and leaf morphology. Aedo (1996Aedo ( , 2000Aedo ( , 2001Aedo ( , 2003Aedo ( , 2017 [1][2][3][4][5] revised the different sections belonging to genus Geranium in series of research works, and he found that the hair type and density beside the some floral morphological features can help in the discrimination of the taxa under the genus. Troshkina (2021) found the mericarp size and its epidermal cell shrinkage are useful characters in the taxonomy of the taxa under genus Geranium section Recurvata. ...
... All the studied species have long and broad style ending with five free stigmas. The photographs (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13) clarify the shapes of the styles and stigmas as well as the density of the hairs within the studied species by mobile camera. From these photographs we can see the density of hairs covering the styles within the different species. ...
This investigation dealt with the study of the style and stigmatic characters of 13 Egyptian species, 9 belonging to genus Erodium and 4 to genus Geranium using both the stereo-and scanning electron microscopes. The studied characters are the hair density and type on the style, length, width, shape and epidermal characters of the stigma. The obtained results revealed that the most important character in distinguishing between the two genera is the length and shape of stigma, while the hair density, type, length can be of use in the identification of the species under these two genera. G. dissectum and G. rotundifolium are the only two species with multicelluler capitates glandular hairs, while E. moschatum is the only species with short unicellular hairs. From this study, we can conclude that the taxa in family Geraniaceae have great similarity in their floral characters and need more detailed studies to unveil the diagnostic features between them. Introduction Floral characters considered the most valuable tool in understanding taxa relation, pollination and evolution. The essential organs in the flowers; gynoecium and androecium; play a key role in the process of plant evolution. Stigma considered from the neglected organ in taxonomical decisions. Heslop-Harrison (1981) [9] pointed to the importance of the stigma in understanding certain morphological and physiological attitude within angiosperm. He mentioned that there is close relation between the stigma, reproductive physiology and pollination type within the species. Edlund et al. (2004) [8] pointed to the importance of the stigmatic surface and its chemical compositions to know the pollination type and evaluate the degree of evolution within the taxa. The flower in both Erodium and Geranium is hypogenous, usually actinomorphic, perfect, pentamerous and arranged in definite inflorescences. The androecium consists of ten to fifteen free stamens, with sterile ones and arranged in two whorls. The gynoecium consists of one ovary with five united carpels which developed into schizocarpic fruits. The style and stigma differs between the species, but usually there is long style ended with free stigmas. In both genera; Erodium and Geranium; the outer anthers develop first and discharge their pollen or turn into sterile scales in case of the genus Erodium, and then the inner anthers discharge their pollen. This two-step process expands the period of pollen production and affects the pollination type. Philipp (1985) [16] pointed to the variability in maturation between the androecium and gynoecium within Geranium species and varies from protandry to homogamy to protogyny. As the result, the type of pollination differs between the species with gradual transition between self-pollinated to insect pollinated. Kozuharova (2002) [14] reported five pollination trends within the Geranium species based on flower symmetry and position as well as the evolutionary state in each taxa. Erodium species are usually pollinated by bees. The Geraniaceae includes five genera, Erodium L'Herit., Geranium L., Monsonia L., Sarcocaulon (D.C.) Sweet and
... The Geranium L., is the largest genus of Geraniaceae and contains 325 species. Geranium species are distributed worldwide except in lowland tropical areas (Aedo 2017). Most of the species belong to subg. ...
Pollen morphology of 23 species belonging to Geranium have been studied in details, which represent eight sections of two subgenera i.e., G. sect. Dissecta, Geranium, and Tuberosa of subgen. Geranium, Divaricata, Lucida, Ruberta and Trilopha of subgen. Robertium. These plant species were collected from different phytogeographical regions of Iran. The palynological investigation was done using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. Different palyno-morphological features have been observed, and the closely related species were distinguished. We used different multivariate statistical methods to reveal the species relationships. Ward clustering analyses have been done to check out the relationship among the species. The shapes of pollen grains were monad, radially symmetric, isopolar, apertures were tricolporate, and of spheroid, prolate-spheroid or sub-prolate classes. Three pollen types were recognized on the basis of differences in exine sculpturing pattern: reticulate-clavate, striate-rugulate, reticulum cristatum with clavae. Observed differences were not of diagnostic importance in subgenera and sections level. The main objective of this study is to find distinguish pollen characters in the species of the genus Geranium and to elucidate their systematics importance.
... Geranium L., a genus comprising ca 325 species with worldwide distribution except low altitude tropical regions (Aedo 2017), has been divided into three subgenera, 14 sections and 20 informal groups (Yeo 2001). However, a recent phylogenetic study on Geranium concluded the existence of only two monophyletic subgenera, i.e. ...
... The terminology used for description of morphological characters follows Aedo (2017). Measurements of floral parts was based on fresh material and/or material reconstituted with hot water, while other plant parts were measured from dried materials using a stereomicroscope attached to a camera. ...
... However, the two species have different seasonal requirements. Previous studies show that the growth season of G. ocellatum ranges from Feb to Dec (Nasir 1983, Malhotra 1997, Xu and Aedo 2008, Aedo 2017), but critical focus on phenology while examining herbarium specimens reveals two separate growth seasons, first from February to April and then from October to November, whereas G indicum grows from late July to early October only. The scapigerous inflorescence and acaulescent habit observed in the new taxon must not be speculated as latter-day evolved characters because collections dating back to the last quarter of the 19th century with the same characters are housed at CAL but identified as G. ocellatum. ...
Geranium indicum, a new scapigerous species of Geranium subg. Robertium collected from two states of India i.e. Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand is described. In addition, a distribution map, micro and macro morphological photographs, conservation status and a taxonomic key is provided for the species of G. sect. Trilopha. The new species is morphologically similar to G. ocellatum and G. mascatense, but can be easily distinguished by its acaulescent habit, persistent rosette leaves, scapigerous cymose inflorescence, cleistogamous flowers and entirely eglandular indumentum on vegetative parts.
... Geranium L. (1753: 676) (Geraniaceae Juss.) (1789: 268) is a large genus, with ca. 325 species (Aedo 2017), distributed in almost every continent and ecosystem, being absent only in the poles, arid deserts and low-altitude tropical areas (Aedo et al. 1998). The first systematic account of the Indian Geranium is available in "Flora of British India" in which 18 species were recorded from the then British India (Edgeworth & Hooker 1874). ...
Geranium aedonianum sp. nov. collected from Panikhar village of Kargil district, Ladakh, India belonging to subg. Geranium,
is described and illustrated. It differs from other closely allied species: Geranium collinum, G. himalayense and G. strictipes
by the obtrullate-obtriangular leaf segments that are narrower at base and with fewer lobes, longer pedicels, staminal filament
whitish having broad base tapering smoothly towards apex and glandular hairs along the margins on upper part and its longer
fruits.
