- Using human observations with instrument-based metrics to understand changing rainfall patterns

Geographical distribution of human observations that match (in black) or do not match (in purple) with precipitation indices A TP (GPCC version 7; resolution: 2.5 × 2.5) with human observations of rainfall; (B) R95p (GHCNDEX; resolution: 2.5 × 2.5) with human observations of extreme rainfall; (C) CDD (GHCNDEX; res. 2.5 × 2.5) with human observations of drought; (D) PDSI (Dai et al.²¹; resolution: 2.5 × 2.5) with human observations of drought. Note: there is a match if the sign of the climate trend at each location is consistent with the sign of the human observation. TP Total Precipitation, R95p Annual total precipitation from days >95 percentile, CDD Consecutive Dry Days, PDSI Palmer Drought Severity Index, GPCC Global Precipitation Climatology Centre, GHCNDEX gridded temperature and precipitation climate extremes indices from the Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN) dataset, HadEX3 dataset of gridded station-based climate extremes indices. Human observations are provided as source data.

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Reference

Using human observations with instrument-based metrics to understand changing rainfall patterns - Scientific Figure on ResearchGate. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Geographical-distribution-of-human-observations-that-match-in-black-or-do-not-match-in_fig2_385561271 [accessed 17 May 2025]

Caption

Geographical distribution of human observations that match (in black) or do not match (in purple) with precipitation indices
A TP (GPCC version 7; resolution: 2.5 × 2.5) with human observations of rainfall; (B) R95p (GHCNDEX; resolution: 2.5 × 2.5) with human observations of extreme rainfall; (C) CDD (GHCNDEX; res. 2.5 × 2.5) with human observations of drought; (D) PDSI (Dai et al.²¹; resolution: 2.5 × 2.5) with human observations of drought. Note: there is a match if the sign of the climate trend at each location is consistent with the sign of the human observation. TP Total Precipitation, R95p Annual total precipitation from days >95 percentile, CDD Consecutive Dry Days, PDSI Palmer Drought Severity Index, GPCC Global Precipitation Climatology Centre, GHCNDEX gridded temperature and precipitation climate extremes indices from the Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN) dataset, HadEX3 dataset of gridded station-based climate extremes indices. Human observations are provided as source data.

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<a href="https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Geographical-distribution-of-human-observations-that-match-in-black-or-do-not-match-in_fig2_385561271"><img src="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/385561271/figure/fig2/AS:11431281288792876@1730865016647/Geographical-distribution-of-human-observations-that-match-in-black-or-do-not-match-in.png" alt="Geographical distribution of human observations that match (in black) or do not match (in purple) with precipitation indices
A TP (GPCC version 7; resolution: 2.5 × 2.5) with human observations of rainfall; (B) R95p (GHCNDEX; resolution: 2.5 × 2.5) with human observations of extreme rainfall; (C) CDD (GHCNDEX; res. 2.5 × 2.5) with human observations of drought; (D) PDSI (Dai et al.²¹; resolution: 2.5 × 2.5) with human observations of drought. Note: there is a match if the sign of the climate trend at each location is consistent with the sign of the human observation. TP Total Precipitation, R95p Annual total precipitation from days >95 percentile, CDD Consecutive Dry Days, PDSI Palmer Drought Severity Index, GPCC Global Precipitation Climatology Centre, GHCNDEX gridded temperature and precipitation climate extremes indices from the Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN) dataset, HadEX3 dataset of gridded station-based climate extremes indices. Human observations are provided as source data."/></a>