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Geographical distribution of Scaphyglottis punctulata. Sites of old records are indicated by black circles. New record sites are indicated by red triangles. Map preparation by R. O. Perdiz. 601971). Roraima: Uiramutã, Terra Indígena Raposa Serra do Sol, 6 December, 2019, fl., R.O. Perdiz et al. 3619 (INPA 290578); ibid., 13 December, 2019, F. Farroñay et al. 1646 (INPA 290579).
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The genus Scaphyglottis Poepp. & Endl. presents 78 species and occurs from Mexico to Brazil. Scaphyglottis punctulata (Rchb.f.) C.Schweinf. is known from various high elevation locations from Panama to Bolivia. Here, we report new records in two regions of the Brazil portion of the Guiana Shield. We provide a detailed description, photographic plat...
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Recent collection of Gloeocantharellus corneri is discovered from Amazonia in the State of Pará, North Brazil. Description, discussion, drawings and photographs are provided.
Citations
... Thus, the correct taxonomic identity of the material presented here, leading to the recognition of a further new record in the Brazilian flora and the southwards expansion of the species' distribution, highlights the relevance of taxon-focused monograph studies on clarifying species delimitation and their geographic distribution. Similar recent efforts have also expanded the distribution of other orchid species in the Pantepui [25,26], and new species have been described as well [27]. ...
Prosthechea jauana has been recognized as an orchid species endemic to the Venezuelan tepui. The first record of P. jauana in Brazil is presented here, also from a tepui in the Southern phytogeographical district of Pantepui in the Serra do Aracá, at the northern border of the Amazonas state. A detailed morphological description and images of the specimen are presented, as well as an updated distribution map, preliminary conservation status assessment, and taxonomic notes about the species. In addition, we provide species’ distribution models for P. jauana based on current and future bioclimatic data. Future projections suggest that the geographic distribution of P. jauana will likely be severely affected, with ~79% of its suitable habitat being reduced by 2041–2060 and ~92% by 2061–2080. Prosthechea jauana could represent a flag species and an example of how climate change may affect the endemic Pantepui flora.
Scaphyglottis Poepp. & Endl. (Orchidaceae) is a neotropical genus with 78 species, 14 of which are found in Brazil. Some of these taxa have an intricate taxonomy, especially due to the morphological similarity among species and the existence of species complexes. Our study aims to test if the labellum shape, the main source of species diagnostic characters, can confirm the proposed circumscription of Brazilian species of Scaphyglottis. We analyzed 136 flowers from 12 species, to which we applied 12 landmarks, using a geometric morphometrics approach. Our results show that most species can be distinguished. Most of the variation is observed in the claw and apices of labellum lobes, confirming that the labellum is important tool in taxon distinction. Species with distinctly 3-lobed labellum showed some overlap but, for these taxa, we have found distinction specially in the lateral lobes. Our study showed new morphologically variable features in Scaphyglottis that can be used in future taxonomic studies. For widely distributed species we suggest a population-level approach, as local environmental factors can impact morphology, causing expected intraspecific variation.
Vascular epiphytes stand out in tropical forests in terms of diversity. However, no comprehensive review of the group in the Amazon region has been performed so far. We carried out a literature review on the scientific knowledge of vascular epiphytes in the Amazon aiming to identify the main gaps, limitations and perspectives for studies on the subject. Searches were conducted in Google Scholar, Scopus and Web of Science using inclusion and exclusion criteria. 291 articles published in the period 1933-2022, mostly the 21st century, were included in the review. Brazil was the most studied country. However, knowledge gaps were found in regions located in the Brazilian arc of deforestation as well as in areas of Bolivia, Guyana, French Guiana and Suriname. There was a predominance of studies related to the floristics, systematics and biogeography of spermatophytes and ferns, focusing on the diversity and taxonomy of certain families (e.g. Orchidaceae). However, we found gaps for more comprehensive research, considering population dynamics, dominance (biomass), guidelines for evaluation of epiphyte and systematization of data for Amazon. We indicate the need of studies focused on ecology, floral and reproductive biology, biochemistry, phytochemistry, anatomy and physiology. Future research should also consider the impacts of current trends in deforestation and climatic changes on the diversity of vascular epiphytes in the Amazon.
