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Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been confirmed as the causative agent for cervical cancer. In this study, a total of 301 880 women were recruited from four different regions of Western China, with 301 880 exfoliated cervical cell samples collected from women for DNA isolation and purification. The HPV genotype was tested by polymerase chain reaction...
Citations
... Eastern Asia (10.7%) had the second highest infection rate in Asia following Southeastern Asia (14.0%) [17].Previous reports have indicated that rates of HPV positivity range from 6.70 to 44.50% in China [18]. The overall HPV infection of Chengdu was similar to that reported in Hangzhou (22.3%) [19], Taizhou area (22.8%) [20] and Guangdong (21.06%) [21], lower than in Jiangsu (26.92%) [22], Jilin (34.40%) [23], Shandong (28.4%) [24], but higher than in Chongqing (18.59%) [25], Shanghai (17.92%) [26], Beijing (8.22%) [27]. The overall HPV infection of Aba was consistent with that reported in Xinjiang (14.02%) [28], southern Hunan (14.59%) [29], lower than in Tibet Autonomous Region (28.14%) [25], Inner Mongolia (36.0%) [30], Guangxi (18.10%) [31], but higher than in Guizhou (10.33%) [25], Shanxi (8.92%) [32], Yunnan (12.90%) [33]. ...
... The overall HPV infection of Chengdu was similar to that reported in Hangzhou (22.3%) [19], Taizhou area (22.8%) [20] and Guangdong (21.06%) [21], lower than in Jiangsu (26.92%) [22], Jilin (34.40%) [23], Shandong (28.4%) [24], but higher than in Chongqing (18.59%) [25], Shanghai (17.92%) [26], Beijing (8.22%) [27]. The overall HPV infection of Aba was consistent with that reported in Xinjiang (14.02%) [28], southern Hunan (14.59%) [29], lower than in Tibet Autonomous Region (28.14%) [25], Inner Mongolia (36.0%) [30], Guangxi (18.10%) [31], but higher than in Guizhou (10.33%) [25], Shanxi (8.92%) [32], Yunnan (12.90%) [33]. ...
... The overall HPV infection of Chengdu was similar to that reported in Hangzhou (22.3%) [19], Taizhou area (22.8%) [20] and Guangdong (21.06%) [21], lower than in Jiangsu (26.92%) [22], Jilin (34.40%) [23], Shandong (28.4%) [24], but higher than in Chongqing (18.59%) [25], Shanghai (17.92%) [26], Beijing (8.22%) [27]. The overall HPV infection of Aba was consistent with that reported in Xinjiang (14.02%) [28], southern Hunan (14.59%) [29], lower than in Tibet Autonomous Region (28.14%) [25], Inner Mongolia (36.0%) [30], Guangxi (18.10%) [31], but higher than in Guizhou (10.33%) [25], Shanxi (8.92%) [32], Yunnan (12.90%) [33]. ...
Purpose
The genotype distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection varies greatly in different regions. This study aims to determine the prevalence and type-specific distribution of HPV among females from Chengdu and Aba in Sichuan Province, which differ in geographical location, economic status, and living habits. These can serve as evidence of epidemic patterns for future design and implementation of vaccination and screening programs.
Methods
A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 144 113 women who underwent cervical screening at Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital from January 2015 to September 2020. Meanwhile, 1799 samples from February 2018 to December 2021 were collected from Aba Maternal and Child Health Hospital. HPV DNA genotype testing was performed using real‐time PCR. The overall prevalence, annual trend, age-specific prevalence, and type distribution were analyzed.
Results
The overall HPV prevalence was 22.51% in Chengdu. During 2015–2020, the highest prevalence rate was observed in 2018. Age-specific HPV distribution displayed a bimodal distribution among women aged ≤25 or ≥46 years old. The top three prevalent genotypes were HPV52, -16, and -58. Although the total prevalence of HPV in Aba was 14.23%, there was an upward trend from 2018 to 2021. However, no significant differences were identified in HPV infection rate across all age groups. HPV52, -53, and -16 were the major genotypes. Furthermore, single-type HPV infections and high-risk HPV infections were identified as the most common infection types in both regions.
Conclusion
Our findings demonstrate the overall prevalence of HPV was still high in Chengdu and Aba. The age-specific prevalence distribution demonstrated different patterns. Non-vaccine-covered HR-HPV53, -51and LR-HPV81, -CP8304 were frequently detected, which was worth significant clinical attention. In summary, regional HPV screening provides valuable clinical guidance for cervical cancer prevention and vaccine selection in Western China.
... Although HPV 18 has been considered an important HR-HPV in cervical cancer, the prevalence of HPV 18 infection was relatively low in our study population. Several studies reported that the most common HR-HPV subtypes were HPV 52, 58, and 16 for Chinese women, in which HPV 18 was not included [56][57][58][59][60][61][62]. In addition to HPV 16, 52, and 58, HPV 53, 51, and 56 were proposed as predominant subtypes of HR-HPVs in Chinese women, because of their relatively high prevalence at all testing sites, among which HPV 53 has been highlighted by other studies on the co-infection status in Chinese women [63]. ...
Background:
Both cervical cancer and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) are associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection at different anogenital sites, but the infection features of high-risk (HR) HPVs at these sites and their association with cervical lesions have not been well characterized. Given the limitation of cervical HPV 16/18 test in screening patients with high-grade CIN (CIN 2+), studies on whether non-16/18 HR-HPV subtype(s) have potential as additional indicator(s) to improve CIN 2+ screening are needed.
Methods:
The infection of 15 HR-HPVs in vulva, anus, vagina, and cervix of 499 Chinese women was analyzed, and CIN lesion-associated HR-HPV subtypes were revealed.
Results:
In addition to the well-known cervical-cancer-associated HPV 16, 52, and 58, HPV 51, 53, and 56 were also identified as high-frequency detected subtypes prevalently and consistently present at the anogenital sites studied, preferentially in multi-infection patterns. HPV 16, 52, 58, 56, and 53 were the top five prevalent subtypes in patients with CIN 2+. In addition, we found that cervical HPV 33/35/52/53/56/58 co-testing with HPV 16/18 might improve CIN 2+ screening performance.
Conclusion:
This study provided a new insight into HR-HPV screening strategy based on different subtype combinations, which might be used in risk stratification clinically.
... Collected specimens were stored as needed and sent to designated laboratories for cytology or HPV testing within a specified timeframe. Cytology adopted the liquid-based method, and HPV testing was based on the PCR method using kits that required the ability to detect at least 13 high-risk genotypes (16,18,31,33,35,39,45,51,52,56,58,59,68) and the ability to report positive results for types 16/ 18 separately. All procedures for specimen collection, storage and laboratory testing were performed according to the kit instructions. ...
... These findings were consistent with previous studies conducted by He [13,14]. We noted that the proportion of HPV 16/18 infections in women aged 35-64 years accounted for only 12.06% of the HR-HPV-positive population, which was attributed to the fact that HPV 52 and 58 were the predominant genotypes in the general population in Sichuan province, whereas HPV 16/18 had a higher proportion of infections in patients with cervical lesions, especially in high-grade lesions [15][16][17][18][19]. Unfortunately, due to the limitations of HPV testing kits, we were unable to confirm this possibility through HPV genotyping in this study. ...
Cervical cancer poses a significant health challenge in developing countries, emphasizing the need for appropriate screening strategies to accelerate the elimination of this disease. This study summarized the results of a large-scale community-based cervical cancer screening program conducted in Chengdu, China, to understand the prevalence of HPV infection and cervical lesions in the population, and to compare the real-world effectiveness of two different screening methods implemented in the program. From January 2021 to December 2022, a total of 363,376 women aged 35–64 years in Chengdu received free screenings. Among these participants, 70.1% received cytology screening and 29.9% received HPV testing combined with 16/18 genotyping and cytology triage. Ultimately, 824 cases of high-grade lesions and cervical cancer were detected, with a total detection rate of cervical cancer and precancerous lesions of 226.8 per 100,000. The follow-up rate of patients with high-grade lesions and above was 98.9%, and the treatment rate was 86.6%. The overall high-risk HPV infection rate was 11.7%, with the HPV 16/18 infection rate of 1.4%. The rate of abnormal cytology results was 2.8%. The attendance rates for colposcopy and histopathology were 71.6% and 86.1%, respectively. By calculating the age-standardized rates to eliminate the different age composition between the two group, the HPV-based screening strategy had a higher rate of primary screening abnormalities (3.4% vs. 2.8%, P<0.001), higher attendance rates of colposcopy (76.5% vs. 68.9%, P<0.001) and histopathological diagnosis (94.1% vs. 78.0%, P<0.001), higher percentage of abnormal colposcopy results (76.0% vs. 44.0%, P<0.001), and higher detection rate of cervical precancerous lesions and cancer (393.1 per 100,000 vs. 156.4 per 100,000, P<0.001) compared to cytology screening. Our study indicates that the combination of HPV testing with 16/18 genotyping and cytology triage has demonstrated superior performance in cervical cancer screening compared to cytology alone in large-scale population.
... Additionally, HPV prevalence in China was 84.37% in a meta-analysis of 2950 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)1 patients and 5393 CIN2/3 patients, but the distribution of HPV types varies across regions [13]. In western China (Tibet Autonomous Region, Chongqing, Guizhou, Shaanxi), HPV-52, 16,58, and 53 were the most commonly detected HR-HPV types, with the highest HPV detection rate observed in the 36-50 age group [14]. In Northeast China, the predominant HPV types identified in a survey of 110,927 women aged 18-80 years were HPV-16, 58, 52, 33, 53, and 18 [15]. ...
Background
Cervical cancer is associated with high‐risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection in the world. We aimed to evaluate the status of HPV infection among women in Guangzhou, China.
Methods
The study recruited 28,643 female patients from the Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center for HPV genotype testing between 2019 and 2021.
Results
5668 patients were infected with HPV, resulting in an overall infection prevalence of 19.78%. The prevalence of HR-HPV was recorded at 13.94% (both single-infections and multi-infections), probably high-risk HPV/possibly carcinogenic (pHR-HPV) as 3.51%; and low-risk HPV (LR-HPV) as 3.56%. The most common HR-HPV genotype detected was HPV-52 with an infection rate of 4.99%, followed by HPV 58 (2.18%), 16 (2.12%), 51 (1.61%), 39 (1.19%), 56 (1.09%), 59 (0.85%), 18 (0.72%), 33 (0.61%), 31 (0.53%), 35 (0.20%), 45 (0.17%). Among LR-HPV genotypes, HPV-42 was the most common (1.08%), followed by 44 (0.77%), 81 (0.68%), 6 (0.48%), 43 (0.40%), 11 (0.23%) and 83 (0.07%). The prevalence of infection among different genotypes in pHR-HPV was: 68 (1.29%), 53 (1.21%), 66 (0.77%), 82 (0.25%), 73 (0.16%). Additionally, the prevalence of single genotype HPV infection exceeded that of multiple HPV infections except HPV-59.
Conclusion
Our findings imply that HPV genotype infections in Guangzhou demonstrate a regional and age-related distribution. Therefore, these data can provide a substantial foundation for further epidemiologic analysis to control and prevent HPV infections in Guangzhou.
... [14] In addition, the type and pattern of HPV infection vary by geography and economy. [15,16] Past studies have reported that glucose transporters (GLUTs) are associated with the malignant transition of cervical epithelium with HPV infection. [17] In HPV-positive cervical cancer, the expression of GLUT1 indicates a worse prognosis. ...
Besides the controversy of the association of high glycemic index and glycemic load with precancerous cervical lesions, only a few studies have examined the impact of fasting blood glucose levels on human papillomavirus (HPV) multiple infections. In the present study, we appraised the relationship between blood glucose levels and multiple HPV infections in a population of HPV-positive women with cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL). The present study was designed as a cross-sectional correlative analysis. A total of 560 participants with a pathologically confirmed HSIL with HPV infection were included from a hospital in China during January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2019. The target variables and the outcome variables were the glucose levels at the baseline and HPV multiplicity, respectively. The odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals were calculated to estimate the risk of multiple infections via logistic regression analysis. The average age of the 560 participants was 44.63 ± 10.61 years; the nonlinear relationship was detected between the glucose levels and multiplicity of HPV, with an inflection point at 5.4. After adjusting for the full range of variables, the effect sizes and confidence intervals for the left and right sides of the inflection points were found to be 0.379 (0.196–0.732) and 5.083 (1.592–16.229), respectively. In this cross-sectional study, both high and low blood glucose levels increased the risk of multiple HPV infections, demonstrating a U-shaped relationship between the blood glucose levels and multiple HPV infections.
... For the last 20 years, the world has made great efforts to generate epidemiological data on cervical HPV-DNA. In China, although certain studies have been performed to assess the prevalence and incidence rate of human papillomavirus genotypes in Tibet, they are based on small samples [25,26]. Our study is the first largescale sample study in Tibet. ...
... In some areas, the second peak can be observed at the age of > 45 or > 55 or > 65, while in some other areas, no second peak can be observed. In conclusion, age-specific HPV distribution is either shown as a bimodal curve (including "U" curve) [31,32] or a left inclined unimodal distribution [26]. In this study, agespecific HPV distribution showed a "U" curve. ...
Background
Data regarding human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence and genotype distribution are limited in Shannan City, Tibet Tibetan Autonomous Region, China. The purpose of this study is to provide reliable data for guiding women in Shannan City in cervical cancer screening and HPV vaccine innoculation.
Methods
HPV testing was performed on women aged 16–109 years (mean age 44.03 ± 9.25 years) from Shannan City in 2019 and 2020, which was implemented technically by gynecological examination, vaginal discharge smear microscopy, cytology, and HPV detection. The overall prevalence, age-specific prevalence, and genotype distribution were analyzed.
Results
A total of 48,126 women received HPV testing, of which 3929 were detected human papillomavirus. The HPV-positive rate was 8.16% (3929/48,126), and the highest prevalence was in the ≤ 25-year-old age group (12.68%). After the age of 25, the prevalence rate decreased rapidly, and then slowly increased from 7.49% in the 46–55 age group to 9.82% in the ≥ 66 age group, showing a “U-shaped” pattern. The positive prevalence of HPV 16 or 18-only was 1.43%, that of other HPV genotypes except HPV 16 or 18 was 6.39%, and mixed HPV infections including HPV 16 or 18 was 0.34%.
Conclusions
The HPV infection rate in Shannan city is rather low, and the age-specific prevalence of HPV infection presents a “U” curve, suggesting the importance of screening among younger women and the necessity of detection among older women.
... HPV16 and 18 are the main carcinogenic HPV, and other high-risk types also include HPV31, 33,35,45,52 and 58 [14]. In addition, the type and pattern of HPV infection varies by geography and economy [15,16]. ...
BACKGROUND
Apart from the controversy of high glycemic index and glycemic load associated with precancerous cervical lesions, few studies have examined the impact of fasting blood glucose levels on HPV multiple infections. In a population of HPV-positive women with high-grade cervical lesions, we conducted the current study to appraisal the relationship between blood glucose levels and multiple HPV infections.
METHODS
The present study was a cross-sectional correlative study. A total of 629 participants with a pathologically confirmed HSIL with HPV infection were included from a hospital in China between 2018-1-1 and 2019-12-31. The target independent variable and the dependent variable were glucose level at baseline and multiplicity of HPV respectively. The ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for the risk of multiple infections were estimated using logistic regression analysis.
RESULTS
The average age of 560 participants was 44.63 ± 10.61 years old, Result of fully-adjusted binary logistic regression showed glucose was negatively associated with risk of event of multiple infection after adjusting confounders (Odds ratio (OR)=0.84, 95%CI(0.57-1.22). Non-linear relationship was detected between glucose and multiplicity of HPV, with point at 5.4. After adjusting for the full range of variables, the effect sizes and confidence intervals for the left and right sides of the inflection points were 0.379 (0.196, 0.732) and 5.083 (1.592, 16.229), respectively.
CONCLUSION
In this cross-sectional study, both hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia predicted an increased risk of multiple infections, demonstrating a U-shaped association between blood glucose levels and HPV multiple infections.
Persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has been associated with the development of cervical cancer. To reduce the incidence of cervical cancer and promote awareness of HPV, a government-sponsored epidemiological study was conducted from 2015 to 2018 in Zhengzhou City. A total of 184,092 women aged 25-64 years were included, of which 19,579 were infected with HPV, reflecting a prevalence of 10.64 percent (19,579/184,092). The HPV genotypes found were classified as high-risk (13 genotypes) and low-risk (8 genotypes). Single and multiple infections were detected in 13,787 (70.42 percent) and 5,792 (29.58 percent) women, respectively. The five most common high-risk genotypes detected, listed in descending order, were HPV52 (2.14 percent; 3,931/184,092), HPV16 (2.04 percent; 3,756/184,092), HPV58 (1.42 percent; 2,607/184,092), HPV56 (1.01 percent; 1,858/184,092), and HPV39 (0.81 percent; 1,491/184,092). Meanwhile, the most common low-risk genotype was HPV53 (0.88 percent; 1,625/184,092). The prevalence of HPV gradually increased with age, with the highest occurring in women aged 55-64 years. The prevalence of single-type HPV infection decreased with age, whereas that of multiple-type HPV infection increased with age. This study indicates a high burden of HPV infection in women in Zhengzhou City.
Human papillomavirus 52 (HPV52) infection is prevalent in the Chinese population, and variations in HPV52 show correlations with oncogenicity. However, no specific variation in HPV52 was reported to show relevancy to infection characteristics. In this study, we retrieved 222 isolates of E6 and L1 full-length genes from 197 Chinese women with HPV52 infection. After sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree construction, we found that 98.39 % of the collected variants belonged to the sublineage B2 and two variants displayed incongruence between the phylogenetic tree of E6 and L1. The analysis of the infection pattern showed that the presence of C6480A/T mutation in the L1 gene was associated with single infection (P=0.01) and persistent infection (P=0.047) of HPV52, while the A6516G nucleotide change was relevant to transient infection (P=0.018). Our data also indicated that variations T309C in the E6 gene and C6480T, C6600A in L1 were more commonly presented in patients with high-grade cytology (P<0.05). One HPV52 breakthrough infection after vaccination was identified, which hinted at the immune escape post-vaccination. Young coitarche age and non-condom usage were correlated to multiple infections. This study provided insight into the polymorphism of HPV52 and revealed the impact of variations in HPV52 on its infection characteristics.
The present study examined the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) and its genotype distribution in outpatients and healthy female subjects in Wenzhou so as to develop local HPV vaccination strategies and contribute to the prevention of this disease. The present retrospective study enrolled 164,137 women, including 118,484 outpatients and 45,653 healthy female subjects from 2015 to 2020. Cervical exfoliated cells were collected from these women for DNA extraction. The DNA samples were detected with a fluorescence in situ hybridization method and 27 HPV genotypes were analyzed. The overall prevalence of HPV was 17.35%; this corresponded to a prevalence of 19.10% in the outpatient group and 12.82% in the healthy female group. HPVs 52, 58, 16, 53, and 61 were the five most prevalent HPV genotypes in the outpatient group. The five most common genotypes were HPV 52, 53, 58, 61, and 81 in the healthy female group. The HPV infection peak was estimated to be 44.65% in the 10–19 age group and 27.35% in the 60–69 age group. The burden of HPV infection in this area was high; therefore, a scientific and reasonable vaccination strategy should be adopted. The universal use of multivalent vaccines is recommended and considerable attention should be paid to HPV types that are not targeted by the vaccines. Cervical screening should be performed routinely in patients with gynecological clinical symptoms to avoid cervical intraepithelial neoplasia following persistent infection of high-risk HPV, notably in women over 60 years of age.
