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Mexico has a great diversity of cacti, however, many of their fruits have not been studied in greater depth. Several bioactive compounds available in cacti juices extract have demonstrated nutraceutical properties. Two cactus species are interesting for their biologically active pigments, which are chico (Pachycereus weberi (J. M. Coult.) Backeb))...
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... respect to jiotilla, its average weight was 18.7 g, the edible fruit of jiotilla was 51.9%, and the equatorial and polar diameters were 2.8 and 3.4 cm, respectively. Table 2 shows the proximate analysis of chico fruit and jiotilla. Table 3 shows the total soluble solids, pH, and antioxidants activity in the fruits under study. ...Citations
... To date, only one study has investigated the cytotoxic activity of the clarified fruit juice of E. chiotilla in four different human adenocarcinoma cell lines (Sandate-Flores, et al., 2020) (Supplementary Table S1). No cytotoxicity was observed in the normal cell control (NIH/3T3 cell line), and the MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines and the Caco-2 colon cell lines also showed no cytotoxicity. ...
... Extracts from P. marginatus showed significant inhibition against murine lymphoma L5178Y-R and skin melanoma cells B16F10, with methanolic and hexane extracts exhibiting high cytotoxicity . The fruit juice of P. weberi showed cytotoxic activity against four different mammalian cancer cell lines: Mammary carcinoma (MCF-7), prostate (PC3), colon (CaCo-2) and liver (HepG2), specifically damaging colon CaCo2 and mammary carcinoma MCF-7 cells (Sandate-Flores, et al., 2020). In addition, studies with P. marginatus extract and isolated metabolites such as lophenol, βsitosterol and palmitic acid showed promising cytotoxic effects against lymphoma cells in vitro and improved survival rates in tumor-bearing mice. ...
Cancer is a global health issue, increasingly prevalent and a leading cause of mortality. Despite extensive research, conventional treatments remain aggressive, often damaging healthy cells, and exhibit limited efficacy. Addressing drug resistance and enhancing treatment effectiveness are critical challenges in advancing cancer therapy. This review examines the potential of natural plant compounds, particularly phytochemicals and their derivatives, in developing novel anticancer agents. These metabolites have a long history in traditional medicine, with 42% of molecules approved for cancer treatment between 1981 and 2019 being either natural products or derivatives. The Cactaceae family, which comprises more than 1,500 species, represents a largely untapped source of potentially useful chemopreventive and anticancer agents. Although more than 3,000 plants and their derivatives have contributed to chemotherapeutic development, cactus species have received limited attention until recently. Emerging evidence highlights the anticancer potential of fruits, stems, and cladodes from various cactus species. This review provides a comprehensive and current overview of experimental studies on Cactaceae in cancer research, aiming to pave the way for the development of innovative, natural cancer therapeutics and contribute to the ongoing battle against this formidable disease.
... Both species are ecologically important in their growing regions due to their interactions with pollinators and dispersers. In addition, they produce edible fruits that are of economic, nutritional and cultural interest (Arellano and Casas, 2003;García-Cruz et al., 2013;Sandate-Flores et al., 2020). ...
This work provides insights into the deterioration of cacti seeds of Escontria chiotilla (F.A.C. Weber ex K. Schum) and Stenocereus pruinosus (Otto ex Pfeiff.) Buxbaum stored ex situ at 25°C, under dry and dark conditions or buried in situ conditions in a xerophytic shrubland. Viability, germination speed, electrolyte leakage and indicators of the redox balance including glutathione content, glutathione half-cell reduction potential (E GSSG/2GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA), oxidized protein content, together with water-soluble antioxidant enzyme activity were assessed. Over a period of two years of storage, viability was maintained when seeds were stored ex situ at 7-9% water content compared to seeds buried in the soil. A second burial experiment showed that seeds of E. chiotilla maintained viability during a year of storage that included a rainy season followed by a dry season. Thereafter, they died rapidly during the second rainy season. In contrast, those of S. pruinosus started to lose viability after 6 months of burial at the end of the rainy season and were mostly dead at the end of the dry season. This difference in persistence between species was related to a difference in the glutathione content and antioxidant enzyme activities. In both storage experiments, the loss of viability of both species was associated to a E GSSG/2GSH shift to a more oxidative state during burial. Yet, contents in MDA and oxidized soluble proteins were not related to redox imbalance and loss of viability, indicating that these compounds are not good markers of oxidative stress in cacti seeds during storage.
... Betaxanthins are important components with several potential functions like antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and other potential medical uses. Looking for antioxidant phytochemical compounds in E. chiotilla, Sierra-Zurita et al. (2016) and Sandate-Flores et al. (2020) reported an interesting mixture of compounds including oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids, steroids, and malic acid, as well as a high content of phenolic compounds. This information suggests important potential of jiotilla as a healthy natural product. ...
... Betaxanthins are important components with several potential functions like antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and other potential medical uses. Looking for antioxidant phytochemical compounds in E. chiotilla, Sierra-Zurita et al. (2016) and Sandate-Flores et al. (2020) reported an interesting mixture of compounds including oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids, steroids and malic acid, and vitamin C, as well as a high content of phenolic compounds. This information suggests important potential of jiotilla as a healthy natural product. ...
... En un estudio análogo sobre el contenido de compuestos bioactivos en las frutas más comúnmente consumidas en Costa Rica 14 se observó que el mayor contenido de polifenoles en orden decreciente correspondieron a la mora tropical de altura (Rubus adenotrichos), jobote (Spondias purpurea), membrillo y piña. Así mismo, se han publicado investigaciones sobre la actividad antioxidante y el contenido de polifenoles de siete frutas comercialmente disponibles 15 en los mercados locales de Texas y California (EEUU), así como, otro estudio sobre la actividad antioxidante y anticancerosa de Pachycereus weberi y Escontria chiotilla 16 . ...
Objetivo: Determinar la actividad antioxidante del fruto de Rubus sparsiflorus (shiraca). Material y métodos: Se preparó un homogenizado con agua destilada y se centrifugó a 15,000 rpm por 10 minutos, el sobrenadante se utilizó para realizar las determinaciones analíticas. Los polifenoles se determinaron con la técnica de Singleton y Rossi, los flavonoides con la técnica de Jia, Tang y Wu, la vitamina C con la técnica de Jagota y Dan y las antocianinas con la de Giusti y Wrolstad. Así mismo, se determinó la capacidad antioxidante utilizando las técnicas FRAP (Benzie y Strain), DPPH (Brand-Williams, Cuvellier y Berset), ABTS (Rice-Evans, Miller y Paganga) y el sistema ascorbato/cobre (Uchida y Kawakishi). Resultados: La shiraca madura mostró un contenido de polifenoles de 415.4 mg. EAG/100g de fruta, flavonoides 72.03 mg.EC/100g de fruta y antocianinas 147.38 mg de cianidina-3-glucósido/100g de fruta que fueron más elevados que la shiraca verde, en cambio, el contenido de vitamina C fue similar en el fruto maduro (108.35 mg/100g) y el verde (118.52 mg/100g). Así mismo, la actividad antioxidante del fruto maduro evaluada con las técnicas FRAP (8.05 mmoles de Fe-II/100 g de fruta), DPPH (IC50 = 0.76 mg/mL), ABTS (IC50 = 0.147 mg/mL) y el sistema ascorbato/cobre (IC50 = 2.16 mg/mL) mostraron que el fruto maduro tuvo mayor capacidad antioxidante que el fruto verde. Conclusiones: La shiraca principalmente la madura, es un fruto que posee una elevada capacidad antioxidante y un alto contenido de polifenoles, flavonoides y vitamina C.
... Jiotilla fruits have red-purple skin and pulp and a sweet flavor, reaching an average weight of 17.90 ± 2.23 g at maturity stage, an average equatorial diameter of 3.21 ± 0.35 cm, and an average polar diameter of 3.03 ± 0.43 cm, with pulp and peel accounting for 61.13% and 38.9%, respectively (Ruiz Huerta et al., 2015). As in other fruits and vegetables, differences in physicochemical properties in jiotilla, such as pH, percentage of total soluble solids, and titratable acidity, have been reported in fruits harvested in different zones of the state of Oaxaca, like Mixteca Oaxaqueña and Valles Centrales (Soriano-Santos et al., 2007;Ruiz Huerta et al., 2015;Sandate-Flores et al., 2020). ...
... Phenolic compounds are a heterogeneous group characterized by having one or more aromatic rings with one or more hydroxyl groups in their structure (Eseberri et al., 2022), that display a range of beneficial health effects such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, obesity reduction, and antidiabetic properties (Gutiérrez-Grijalva et al., 2016). Some phenolic acids have been identified and quantified in clarified jiotilla juice, the most abundant being gallic acid (1.02 ± 0.01 mg/100 g fresh weight (g f w )) and caffeic acid (0.08 ± 0.00 mg/100 g f w ) (Sandate-Flores et al., 2020). BET are water-soluble nitrogen-containing pigments with antioxidant properties (Guerrero-Rubio et al., 2020). ...
... The moisture content of fruit in this study was 79.8 ± 0.01%; this was used to convert BC and BX fw to dry weight (dw). The amount of BC (248.56 ± 8.01 mg of betanin/100 g dw ) obtained in this study was similar to that reported in the aqueous extract obtained by shaking of the seedless pulp of jiotilla fruits from Santa María Zoquitlan, Oaxaca, Mexico by Sandate-Flores et al. (2020) who obtained values of 232 ± 23 mg/100 g dw of BC while the amount of BX (199.70 ± 3.92 mg of indicaxanthin/100 g dw ) was 51% lower than that reported by the same authors. These differences in the content of BC and BX could be attributed to the climatic conditions of the different regions to which these fruits belong, to the fact that the pulp was free of seeds, and to the three consecutive extractions carried out by these authors. ...
There is a growing interest in obtaining bioactive compounds from underexplored plant organisms such as jiotilla (Escontria chiotilla), a species of the Cactaceae family whose fruit is a source of betalains and phenolic compounds. Therefore, it is relevant to establish an extraction methodology that allows a higher yield of bioactive compounds and greater functional activity to be obtained. In this study, the conventional extraction process was optimized to obtain betalains, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity from jiotilla extracts and results were compared with those obtained by ultrasound-assisted and ultrasound-microwave extraction. Optimum conditions for conventional extraction of betalains (90.56 ± 0.88 mg/100 g fresh weight (gfw)) and phenolic compounds (129.12 ± 14.21 mg/100 gfw) were 37.5% v/v ethanol, an m : v ratio of 1 : 20, and 40 min maceration with shaking. Ultrasound-assisted extraction increased the phenolic compound content of the extract by 34.01% and its antioxidant activity by 25.68%, a positive correlation being found between these parameters. Ultrasound-microwave extraction did not improve extraction yields compared to the other two technologies. These results show that the extraction method affects the content of functional compounds and antioxidant activity and pinpoint that jiotilla fruits can be a viable alternative for extraction of betalains and phenolic compounds.
... The fruits with the greatest potential to obtain these compounds are the "Jiotilla" from Escontria chiotilla and "Pitaya" from Stenocereus pruinosus. The fruits of E. chiotilla are important edible resources with anticancer properties (Sandate-Flores et al., 2020). Furthermore, pitaya has also drawn attention for its potential nutraceutical properties since it has natural pigments (betalains), vitamin C, high contents of iron and phenolic compounds, and antiproliferative activity on human cancer cell lines (García-Cruz et al., 2013Martínez et al., 2021). ...
... Betalains are important components with several potential functions like antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and other potential medical uses. Looking for antioxidant phytochemical compounds in E. chiotilla, Sierra-Zurita et al. (2016) and Sandate-Flores et al. (2020) reported an interesting mixture of compounds including oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids, steroids, and malic acid, as well as a high content of phenolic compounds. Similarly, Montiel-Sanchez et al. (2021) found in M. geometrizans a higher content of betalains than in any other berries of cacti analyzed previously by other authors (García-Cayuela et al. 2019), while Salazar et al. (2011) found high anti-inflammatory activity of fruit pulp of this species. ...
Synonyms Myrtillocactus cochal (Orcutt) Britton and Rose: Cereus cochal Orcutt; Cereus geometrizans var. cochal (Orcutt) K. Brandegee; Myrtillocactus geometrizans var. cochal (Orcutt) W.T. Marsha Myrtillocactus geometrizans (Mart. ex Pfeiff.) Console: Cereus geometrizans Mart. ex Pfeiff.; Cereus pugioniferus Lem.; Myrtillocactus pugionifer (Lem.) A. Berger; Myrtillocactus grandiareolatus Bravo; Myrtillocactus geometrizans var. grandiareolatus (Bravo) Backeb.; Myrtillocactus geometrizans f. hintonii W.A. Fitz Maur.; Myrtillocactus geometrizans f. cristatus hort. Myrtillocactus schenckii (J.A. Purpus) Britton and Rose: Cereus schenckii J.A. Purpus
... Betaxanthins are important components with several potential functions like antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and other potential medical uses. Looking for antioxidant phytochemical compounds in E. chiotilla, Sierra-Zurita et al. (2016) and Sandate-Flores et al. (2020) reported an interesting mixture of compounds including oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids, steroids, and malic acid, as well as a high content of phenolic compounds. This information suggests important potential of jiotilla as a healthy natural product. ...
... Betaxanthins are important components with several potential functions like antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and other potential medical uses. Looking for antioxidant phytochemical compounds in E. chiotilla, Sierra-Zurita et al. (2016) and Sandate-Flores et al. (2020) reported an interesting mixture of compounds including oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids, steroids and malic acid, and vitamin C, as well as a high content of phenolic compounds. This information suggests important potential of jiotilla as a healthy natural product. ...
