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The genus Ceropegia (Apocynaceae: Ceropegieae) is revised for India based on field observation, literature survey and extensive herbarium studies. Sixty one taxa are recognized under seven sections. Nomenclatural anomalies are resolved. Distribution status is given for each species. A lectotype is designated for C. schumanniana and second step lect...
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Citations
... (upper Neora range), a Ceropegia taxon was collected which was quite interesting in flower's shape. The plant materials were studied with the help of relevant literatures (Hooker, 1883;Huber, 1957;Hara, 1971;Ohashi, 1975;Ansari, 1984;Jagtap and Singh, 1999;Watson, 1999;Meve, 2002;Malapure & al., 2006;Ranjan & al., 2016;Kumar & al., 2018;Kambale and Yadav, 2019;Pullaiah & al., 2019) and compared with specimens housed at ARUN, ASSAM, CAL and K [images!] concluded that materials were matched with Ceropegia pubescens but different in many qualitative characters. Since, the specimens shows some major differences with Ceropegia pubescens authors concluded this material could be new variety which is here described and illustrated as Ceropegia pubescens var. ...
... Deb Burman, an unknown worker annotated some notes on leaf base and corolla lobes but identified as Ceropegia pubescens followed by Ansari (1984). Kambale and Yadav (2019) mentioned that Ceropegia pubescens has twisted corolla lobes at maturity on the basis of these six specimens and after consulting of herbarium specimens at CAL, BSI, DD, BSA, BSHC, MH and herbarium images at K, P, BM, E, L concluded that no such evidence is recorded except above mentioned specimens. Kambale and Yadav (2019) unfortunately not collected the live collection of this new taxon. ...
... Kambale and Yadav (2019) mentioned that Ceropegia pubescens has twisted corolla lobes at maturity on the basis of these six specimens and after consulting of herbarium specimens at CAL, BSI, DD, BSA, BSHC, MH and herbarium images at K, P, BM, E, L concluded that no such evidence is recorded except above mentioned specimens. Kambale and Yadav (2019) unfortunately not collected the live collection of this new taxon. When authors collected the live samples and critically studied they found many novel characters which are enough to designate a new novelty (Table 1). ...
Ceropegia pubescens var. gyroloba, a new variety from Neora Valley National Park, Kalimpong, West Bengal, India has been described and illustrated here based on its morphology. A softly herbaceous plant was collected which has clockwise twisted and narrowly conical shaped corolla lobes as one of the diagnostic features besides substantial morphological differences with allied taxon. The key to variety, type locality map, photo plates and is also provided for easy identification of the plants.
... Among these 61 taxa reported in India, majority of them found in Peninsular India. Highest species diversity was found in Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu with 25 and 22 correspondingly [6]. Ceropegia rapinatiana is an endemic herb of Carnatic region of Tamil Nadu was first described from the plains of Tiruchirappalli district in 2001, and it was published as Brachystelma rapinatiana after fifteen years of collection [7]. ...
The study is aimed to assess the threat to the endemic wild edible plant Ceropegia rapinatiana, which is used as a food source for the local community in Pudukkottai district, Tamil Nadu, India. This study strongly recommends the conservation of this plant to ensure its sustainable utilization. This highlights the importance of preserving the plant’s habitat and promoting responsible harvesting practices to the protection of its availability for the future generations. C. rapinatiana is found primarily in the central plains of Tamil Nadu covering parts of Tiruchirappalli and Pudukkottai districts, and it has been experiencing a continuous decline in population due to the harmful effects of anthropogenic activities, particularly unsustainable harvesting and consumption. As a result, C. rapinatiana is classified as Critically Endangered based on the assessment using the IUCN criteria. Given these circumstances, immediate and extensive conservation measures must be implemented by the local authorities to mitigate the threats and ensure the species’ survival.
... The total number of species reached 717 species, which are mainly distributed from Macaronesia, Africa, Madagascar, Southern Europe, Arabian Peninsula, Southern Iran, Afghanistan, South-East Asia, Himalaya, China to Northern Australia. Ceropegia (sensu stricto) can be differentiated from other genera by lantern shaped flowers, cage-like corolla lobes; which are apically connate at various degree (Kambale & Yadav 2019, Surveswaran et al. 2020. India is one of the diversity centres of genus Ceropegia with 61 taxa. ...
... Maharashtra shows highest diversity with 25 species, out of which 17 species are narrow endemic, particularly to Northern Western Ghats. Heterogeneity of topography and climatic conditions lead to diversification of genus Ceropegia in peninsular India (Yadav & Shendage 2010, Kambale & Yadav 2019, Surveswaran et al. 2020. Recently Murugesan & Mao (2021) and Kishor et al. (2022) added new species of Ceropegia s.str. ...
... After critical analysis and review of previously published works on Indian Ceropegia s.str. (Hooker 1882, Ansari 1984, Jagtap & Singh 1999, Singh et al. 2000, Pullaiah et al. 2019, Kambale & Yadav 2019 it is revealed that the collected specimen does not match with any known species. Therefore, it is described and illustrated here as a new species. ...
A new species Ceropegia shivrayiana A. P. Jangam, Kambale & N. V. Pawar, is described and illustrated here from Vishalgad
fort in Kolhapur district of Maharashtra state, India. This new species is similar to Ceropegia lawii Hooker f., but differs in
having a climbing habit, hairy peduncles, obovate corolla cage with reflexed corolla lobes
... Pellucid margins or germination zones are known in Ceropegia (Li et al. 1995, Kambale andYadav 2019), the Schizoglossum group of the Asclepiadinae (Kupicha 1984), and Hoya (Wanntorp and Forster 2007), but are absent in the closely related genus Dischidia. Ancestral state reconstruction analysis showed that a pellucid margin is present in the ancestor of Hoya. ...
The pollinarium morphologies of 85 species and four subspecies of Hoya were investigated in the present study. The longest pollinium was found in Hoya multiflora, the widest in H. archboldiana, and the smallest in H. bilobata. Pollinium shape showed the widest variation range of all palynological characters, and nine shapes were distinguished in this study. A pellucid margin was present in the pollinium of 84 taxa, and absent in five species. In total, 10 types of pollinarium were recognized based on the following characters: presence/absence of a pellucid margin and the caudicle wing, the ratio of corpusculum/pollinarium length, width/length of pollinium, and curving orientation of the caudicle wings. Types V and X were found in a greater number of taxa compared with the other eight types. Type V is a combination of obliquely elongate or oblong pollinium, presence of a pellucid margin and caudicle wing, and corpusculum length less than half of the pollinium. Type X combines pollinium with variable shapes, a pellucid margin, unwinged and twisted caudicle, and corpusculum with obvious lateral extensions. The characters of 46 taxa with a resolved position in the latest phylogeny of Hoya were mapped and ancestral reconstruction analysis was carried out, indicating that the presence of a pellucid margin in the pollinium, corpusculum length less than half of the pollinium, and rhomboid-shaped corpusculum with lower extensions represent the ancestral state of the genus. Clade II is characterized by the absence of a pellucid margin and twisted caudicles. Loss of the pellucid margin occurring in Clade II and sometimes in other clades is considered independent reversals to the plesiomorphic state. The presence of a pellucid margin and rhomboid corpusculum, and absence of caudicle wings characterizes Clade IV. Ancestral reconstruction analysis revealed that pollinarium type V was the ancestral state of the core lineage Clade V. The species in this clade share presence of both a pellucid margin and caudicle wing, straight caudicle, and pollinium width of 201–300 µm. Clade VI (the largest lineage) as well as Clades I and III have diverse palynological characters, but pollinarium type X and type V is probably the ancestral state of Clades VI and I, respectively.
... Due to the numerous metabolic activities, this plant metabolite is valuable in pharmacopeia. Earlier studies represent that the herb (perennial climber) is propagated through tuber and needs 19-25°C for the proliferation in natural conditions, and in Rajasthan, arid conditions are not highly supported for its proliferation, owing to this cultivation of this species is not possible in arid conditions (Kambale and Yadav 2019). Its propagation through plant tissue culture technology data is well documented (Chavan et al. 2018). ...
The present investigations aimed to conserve C. bulbosa a threatened plant species and for production of cerpegin through cell culture technology using ENP elicitation. Leaf explants were aseptically cultured with normal MS medium-supplemented PGRs BA and NAA various concentrations, and the best callus induction response was recorded on 4.5 + 4.5 μM. The prospective special effects of the ENPs on plant cell cultures are the key part of our study and used to evaluate leaf callus culture proliferation with the reduction of browning, establishment, biomass, and metabolite formation. The CNP concentrations (0, 2, 4, 8, 12 mg/l) are used for the callus proliferation and browning reduction. The cell suspension cultures are also established, and they were elicited with EZnONPs (0, 25, 50, 100, 150 mg/l) for evaluation of biomass, antioxidant, non-antioxidant enzyme activation, toxicity, ROS defense activation, and metabolite development in cell cultures. The metabolite extraction, UV, and NMR characterization confirm that the toxic and nontoxic effect of ENPs on leaf cell cultures varies with high to low concentration.
... This genus represents about 260 taxa worldwide (The plant list, 2013) distributed around the Canary Islands, India, Madagascar, New Guinea, northern Australia, South East Asia, tropical Arabica, and Africa (Meve, 2002;. In India, this genus represents 62 species of which 26 are found in Maharashtra (Karthikeyan et al., 2009;Kambale and Yadav, 2019;Murugesan et al., 2019). ...
... Sometimes found along with grasses and other small herbaceous plant species. C. anjanerica is generally found growing well in lateritic soils with high elevated mountains as compare to its other counterparts (Kambale and Yadav;. ...
... The area of occupancy was found to be below 10 sq. km. and hence the species has been assigned Critically endangered [CR: B2 a, b (i, ii, iii)] (Kambale and Yadav;. However; very less or no supporting data like Population trends, Extent of Occurrence (EOO) or Area of Occupancy (AOO) is available and this fact depicts the need of review and reassessment of the current status of this species according to IUCN guidelines. ...
The present review article deals with the distribution, morphology, habitat, ecology, threat, and conservation status of Ceropegia anjanerica Malpure et al., in and around Nasik district. The genus Ceropegia L. belongs to the subfamily Asclepiadoideae (milk weeds) within thefamily Apocynaceae. A total of 6 species and 2 varieties of this genus have been recorded in Nasik district viz., C. anjanerica Malpure; Kamble and Yadav, C. bulbosa Roxb. var. bulbosa, C. bulbosa Roxb. var. lushii (Graham) Hook.f., C. hirsuta Wight and Arn., C. lawii Hook.f.,C. mahabalei Hemadri and Ansari, C. media (H. Huber) Ansari and C. vincifolia Hook. Of these species, C. anjanerica is the ‘endangered’ plant species endemic to Anjaneri hills of Nasik district part of the northern western Ghats. The plant body is erect herbaceous withtuberous rootstock, tubers are generally 2-5 cm in diameter, globose or discoid with fibrous roots. Recent investigations show that this species has been recorded from hill tops, plateaus, and adjacent village areas.
... Traditionally, the genus Ceropegia L. contains about 240 species worldwide (Li et al. 1995, Kambale andYadav 2019), but recent studies have repeatedly concluded that the genus is not monophyletic (Bruyns et al. 2015, Endress et al. 2018. To comply with theprinciple of monophyly, for convenience of identification and name stability, Bruyns suggested a broadened definition of the genus, which includes the traditional Brachystelma R.Br. and all genera of the stapeliads, making Ceropegia the largest genus of the family Apocynaceae Juss. ...
Ceropegia sunhangiana P.R.Luo and T.Deng, a new species from Qiaojia, northeast Yunnan, southwest China, is described and illustrated herein based on its morphological characteristics and molecular evidence. This species is similar to C. christenseniana, and C. sinoerecta but can be distinguished easily by its stem, indumentum, leaf, and floral features, especially the corolla shape and size, the corolla tube and lobe characters. Phylogenetic analysis based on ITS, trnL‐trnF, trnS‐trnG, psbA‐trnH and rps16 sequences shows that this new species belongs to C. sect. Chionopegia H.Huber with strong support, which was mutually verified by morphology analyses. A table including the morphological characters of related species and a dichotomous key to all 25 species of Ceropegia in China are provided.
... It comprises c, 38 species in the world distributed mainly India and south-east Asia, Malaysia (New Guinea, Philippensis) to Northern Australia [5,6]. In India, It is represented by 13 species of which 12 are endemic to peninsular India [2]. During an intensive exploration in the (Konkan) Sindhudurg, Western Ghats of Maharashtra during June to August, 2020, Author came across an interesting population of C. attenuata Hook. ...
... After the scrutiny of literature [1][2][3] and careful dissections and repeated examining the live specimen in field and in laboratory, revels that it is similar to C. anantii Yadav et al. [3] due to one dark purple spot on either side at base on each corolla lobs only present in Ceropegia anantii Yadav et al. [3] and not recorded in C. attetuata Hook. When Hooker [5] described C. attenuata Hook. ...
During an intensive field survey in Western Ghats, Maharashtra, India, authors came across a species of Ceropegia sect. Tilioris H. Huber. It was identified as C. attenuata Hook, but recognized some new variation in flower which was not reported earlier from India which will be useful to delimit taxa. The present paper deals with note on polymorphism [1-3].
... It is most possible that it belongs to the section Esculentae Bruyns with five species distributed from Africa to South Asia; in this section, it is most morphologically similar to Ceropegia bulbosa Roxb. -the type of the section but the latter is easily distinguishable by its fibrous roots, short (0.4-1.0 cm long) petioles slightly hairy at apex, smaller (1.2-4.6 × 1.1-4.5 cm) and orbicular, elliptic-oblong or ovate-cordate leaf lamina and much smaller corolla (1.4-2.3 cm long) (Kambale & Yadav, 2019). ...
Ceropegia vietnamensis is described as a new species from Binh Chau - Phuoc Buu Nature Reserve in the Xuyen Moc district of Ba Ria- Vung Tau province. It is morphologically close to Ceropegia laotica in general appearance and coloration of flowers but differs in many vegetative and reproductive characteristics and grows in a different habitat. The new taxon is described, illustrated with field photographs of detailed botanical characteristics and compared to related species.
... The species under present day Ceropegia (earlier Brachystelma and Ceropegia) include slender, succulent climbers, tuberculate or otherwise, low shrubs, often bearing underground tubers and fascicled roots (Ansari 1984, Jagtap & Singh 1999, Bruyns et al. 2017. They are widely distributed in seasonally dry places in and around the semi-arid regions of the old world, from Macaronesia to the southern tip of Africa, Arabian Peninsula and South-East Asia from Pakistan to China, Philippines and Northern Australia (Dyer 1980, Albers & Meve 2002, Surveswaran et al. 2009, Kambale et al, 2012, Bruyns et al. 2017, Kambale & Yadav 2019. In India, most of the Ceropegia species are distributed in peninsular India (Kambale et al. 2014), especially in the Eastern Ghats and some parts of the Western Ghats (Sardesai et al. 2016) and few in the northern and central India. ...
... Many species under this genus are endemic or narrow endemic (Nayar & Sastry 1987-1989. In India, the genus is represented by about 108(±2) species including the recently nested genus Brachystelma, of which about 58 (±2) are endemic to Peninsular India (Kumar et al. 2018, Kambale & Yadav, 2019. ...
A new species of Ceropegia: C. kumaonensis Kamal Kishor, G.S. Rawat & S.S. Samant from Western Himalaya, Kumaon region of Almora District, Uttarakhand, India is described and illustrated. This newly described species differs from its allied taxa C. attenuatula and C. parvissima in having fascicled cymes with multiple drooping flowers per node, flowers without tube, long corolla lobes and having regularly toothed corona.
