Fig 8 - uploaded by Marcela Plötner
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Genealogies of the respiratory genes ndufs4 and ndufs6 and their paralogeous pseudogenes ndufs4ps and ndufs6ps calculated with neighbor-joining. In both trees, pseudogenes represent distinct lineages or clades as characteristic of paralogs. Branch lengths indicate a higher extent of genetic change (substitution rate) in the pseudogene lineages compared to the functional paralogs. LL: P. lessonae (blue circles), RR: P. ridibundus (red circles). Scale bar: uncorrected p-distance.
Source publication
Der mitteleuropäische Wasserfroschkomplex umfasst Pelophylax lessonae (Genotyp LL), Pelophylax ridibundus (RR) und deren Hybriden Pelophylax esculentus (LR), der sich hemiklonal durch Rückkreuzen mit LL in lessonae-esculentus (L-E)-Populationen oder RR in ridibundus-esculentus (R-E)-Populationen reproduziert. Außerdem können Hybriden in reine Hybri...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... the analyzed genes, two putative pseudogenes of the respiratory genes ndufs4 and ndusf6 were discovered, forming a distinct lineage or clade in gene genealogies (Fig. ...
Citations
... Für ein aus wissenschaftlicher Sicht überzeugendes Bestimmungsergebnis ist eine Genotypisierung potenzieller lessonae-Individuen unabdingbar, wobei aufgrund genetischer Introgressionen (Plötner 2022) immer mehrere nukleäre Marker analysiert werden sollten. Die alleinige, PCR-basierte Bestimmung des Genotyps auf der Grundlage des ersten Serumalbumin-Introns (SAI1) hat in der Vergangenheit aus Unkenntnis der klinalen Variabilität dieses Markers wiederholt zu Fehlinterpretationen geführt (z. ...
... Sexual reproduction is the dominant mode for most eukaryotic organisms, although the reasons behind this prevalence remain a subject of investigation (Ma & Shi, 2014;Plötner, 2023). In flowering plants, meiosis takes place within the anthers and ovules, a critical process for sexual reproduction in eukaryotes . ...
Meiosis is a critical process in sexual reproduction, and errors during this cell division can significantly impact fertility. Successful meiosis relies on the coordinated action of numerous genes involved in DNA replication, strand breaks, and subsequent rejoining. DNA topoisomerase enzymes play a vital role by regulating DNA topology, alleviating tension during replication and transcription. To elucidate the specific function of DNA topoisomerase 1α () in male reproductive development of Arabidopsis thaliana , we investigated meiotic cell division in Arabidopsis flower buds. Combining cytological and biochemical techniques, we aimed to reveal the novel contribution of to meiosis. Our results demonstrate that the absence of leads to aberrant chromatin behavior during meiotic division. Specifically, the top1α1 mutant displayed altered heterochromatin distribution and clustered centromere signals at early meiotic stages. Additionally, this mutant exhibited disruptions in the distribution of 45s rDNA signals and a reduced frequency of chiasma formation during metaphase I, a crucial stage for genetic exchange. Furthermore, the atm-2×top1α1 double mutant displayed even more severe meiotic defects, including incomplete synapsis, DNA fragmentation, and the presence of polyads. These observations collectively suggest that plays a critical role in ensuring accurate meiotic progression, promoting homologous chromosome crossover formation, and potentially functioning in a shared DNA repair pathway with ATAXIA TELANGIECTASIA MUTATED (ATM) in Arabidopsis microspore mother cells.
Three species of the genus Pelophylax occur in Germany, which are difficult to differentiate from each other due to similar morphological characteristics. Therefore, they are often described as the water frog complex. This includes the pool frog (Pelophylax lessonae), the marsh frog (Pelophylax ridibundus) and the edible frog (Pelophylax kl. esculentus). The latter represents a hybrid form, originally resulting from a natural cross between P. lessonae (genotype LL) and P. ridibundus (genotype RR). As the pool frog is classified as "endangered of unknown magnitude" in the current Red List, the clear species identification is of relevance for nature conservation (Plötner & Zahn 2020).
Within the water frog complex, populations are usually formed with both parent species, or populations in which the hybrid occurs syntopically with only one parent species. The reproductive process in syntopic occurrences is called hybridogenesis. The edible frog (genotype LR) premeiotically eliminates mostly the chromosome set of the syntopically occurring parental species, leaving only one variety of germ cells (Dubey et al. 2019). The original hybrid status is restored by mating with a partner that provides the eliminated genome (Pruvost et al. 2013). This allows the hybrid to reproduce by backcrossing with only one of its parent species. Therefore, P. kl. esculentus is dependent on its parent species P. lessonae or P. ridibundus, in the so-called lessonae-esculentus (L-E) system or ridibundus-esculentus (R-E) system, respectively. In pure hybrid populations ((E-E) system), some hybrids bypass the need for their parental species, and fulfil their sexual cycle via triploid pond frog individuals (genotype LRR and/or LLR). In doing so, female hybrids produce diploid LR eggs that develop into triploid pond frogs after fertilisation.
Due to the large number of population systems and the different possible degrees of ploidy, the classification of species by morphological characteristics alone is usually difficult. Thus, a clear species identification of water frogs often requires molecular genetic studies. In order to be able to determine a more detailed taxonomic classification and a distribution pattern of the water frogs, three small waters in the landscape and conservation area Emscherbruch in Gelsenkirchen were investigated during the activity period from April to July.
