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Figure 1 - Swatting: A Fictitious Threat Generating Real-World Hazards

Future State: Anti-Swatting. Source: Barton Dunant. Copyright 2024. Used with Permission. The challenge of Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) calls has been the reduced capability to filter and to trace the true geographic location of the caller, as compared to traditional landline calls with caller ID. Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) add additional complexity to this challenge. PSAPs cannot arbitrarily refuse inbound VoIP calls, as many households no longer have landlines, and many cellular carriers use a mix of radio bandwidth and internet use for their growing capacity.
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