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Function principle of Building Management System (BMS) in relation to performance of facility management. (Source: authors)
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The current development of smart buildings is conditioned by the development of smart technologies, bringing many new phenomena into the construction industry that change ownership, user and management environments. The optimized and truly functional smart building already includes engineering and non-technical aspects, which must, however, be resp...
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Context 1
... Fig. 1. Graph of the development of the impact on the overall life cycle cost of the construction [1] System) communication and visualization platform, including remote access to information. The purpose of BMS is to monitor and control individual technolo- gies, alarming in the event of atypical occurrences and archiving of interim data (see Fig. 2). To respond to the displayed data, the operator has to be subordinate to the facility ...
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Citations
... The literature and practical applications lack a uniform definition of a smart building, attributed partly to differing perspectives among project participants throughout a building's life cycle (SmartScore, 2021), (Monterioa Froufe, et al., 2020). As outlined in literature developers emphasize user experience for increased property value, while facility management (FM) focuses on safety and energy savings (Qolomany, et al., 2019), (Li, et al., 2020), (Pašek & Sojková, 2018). To sustain a smart building efficiently and ecologically, there is a need to network stakeholders and establish a unified definition. ...
... Rodrigues et al. [30] highlight that managing large volumes of data is a complex activity that makes developing BMSs difficult. Pašek and Sojková [31] and Marinakis [32] reached the same conclusion. For Alohan et al. [11], BMSs are usually complex systems due to their specificities and user interfaces. ...
... Regarding "more complex design and construction", authors such as Rodrigues et al. [28], Yang et al. [54], Gobbo Jr. et al. [33], and Balta-Ozkan et al. [63] found that smart buildings, compared to traditional buildings, imply more complex design and construction procedures. These are factors that increase complexity, the need for more changes in the design [28,44,61], the incorporation of a large number of systems in the building [31], the need for systems optimization [36], the lack of understanding of the needs of smart building users [33,56,68], and the need to satisfy specific requirements of both the users and owners of these buildings [28,30,31,57]. Furthermore, the design of privacy solutions for IoT [60] and the absence of a common framework that efficiently integrates IoT aspects with operational-level construction practices increases complexity [39,49]; Apanavičienė and Shahrabani [13] highlight that the need for scalable and cost-effective solutions adds a challenging component to the overall complexity faced in creating smart buildings. ...
... Regarding "more complex design and construction", authors such as Rodrigues et al. [28], Yang et al. [54], Gobbo Jr. et al. [33], and Balta-Ozkan et al. [63] found that smart buildings, compared to traditional buildings, imply more complex design and construction procedures. These are factors that increase complexity, the need for more changes in the design [28,44,61], the incorporation of a large number of systems in the building [31], the need for systems optimization [36], the lack of understanding of the needs of smart building users [33,56,68], and the need to satisfy specific requirements of both the users and owners of these buildings [28,30,31,57]. Furthermore, the design of privacy solutions for IoT [60] and the absence of a common framework that efficiently integrates IoT aspects with operational-level construction practices increases complexity [39,49]; Apanavičienė and Shahrabani [13] highlight that the need for scalable and cost-effective solutions adds a challenging component to the overall complexity faced in creating smart buildings. ...
Smart buildings play a key role in the complex ecosystem of cities and are often subject to barriers that limit their development. Although identifying these barriers is fundamental to creating an enabling environment for this segment’s expansion, few works aim to identify these challenges. This work has two main objectives: (1) to research the main barriers limiting the development of new smart building projects and (2) to prioritize these barriers from the perspective of professionals with experience in the field. We adopted an exploratory approach common in research that focuses on identifying and prioritizing variables related to a phenomenon, which is based on two main actions: obtaining information through a careful literature review and consulting professionals who work in the concerned field. The results showed that professionals assessed the 23 barriers identified through bibliographic research as important, with the most important being related to lack of qualified professionals, shortage of government policies, higher initial and construction costs, macroeconomic barriers and access to financing, high cost of intelligent systems and technologies, regulatory barriers, lack of knowledge about the current and potential benefits of smart buildings, and more complex design and construction.
... BACS offer benefits for facility managers, but also provide challenges, including increasing complexity due to growing expectations and their ability to control more systems (Domingues et al., 2016;Osma et al., 2015). Other challenges are data management (Pašek and Sojková, 2019), high investment costs for installation and maintenance costs (Osma et al., 2015). The following chapters, discuss specific challenges in detail. ...
... The construction industry is constantly evolving with the introduction of new BACS technologies, increasing the risk of obsolescence in existing applications (Lomakin and Murav'ev, 2016;Pašek and Sojková, 2019). Obsolescence refers to the lack of maintenance support for components or systems, due to development of new technologies, product unavailability, discontinuing support due to market competition, or company closure (Alelyani et al., 2019;British Standards Institution, 2018) . ...
... However, DRP often produces insufficient results, particularly for software applications. Facility managers need to be aware of the remaining obsolescence challenges by preparing a strategic plan to respond effectively to possible obsolescence of BACS and ensure building's flexibility (Baker, 2013;Pašek and Sojková, 2019). ...
Purpose
This paper aims to highlight the expanding link between facility management (FM) and building automation and control systems (BACS) through a review of literature. It examines the opportunities and challenges of BACS for facility managers and proposes solutions for mitigating the risks associated with BACS implementation.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper reviews various research papers to explore the positive influences of BACS on FM, such as support with strategic decision-making, predictive maintenance, energy efficiency and comfort improvement. It also discusses the challenges of BACS, including obsolescence, interoperability, vendor lock-in, reliability and security risks and suggests potential solutions based on existing literature.
Findings
BACS offers numerous opportunities for facility managers, such as improved decision-making, energy efficiency and comfort levels in office buildings. However, there are also risks associated with BACS implementation, including obsolescence, interoperability, vendor lock-in, reliability and security risks. These risks can be mitigated through measures such as hardware and software obsolescence management plans, functional requirement lists, wireless communication protocols, advanced feedback systems and increased awareness about BACS security.
Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no prior academic research has been conducted on the expanding link between FM and BACS. Although some papers have touched upon the opportunities and challenges of BACS for FM, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of these findings by consolidating existing literature.
... Little research on DTs has been conducted for smart buildings at the facility management stage (Stojanovic et al., 2018;Seghezzi et al., 2021;Bujari et al., 2021), which may be explained by the high complexity of accurately representing and modelling the physics behind the DTs processes. There is also a clear lack of studies as smart buildings have been associated more closely with the facility management stage (Pašek and Sojková, 2018). However, understanding these could contribute to realising the full potential of DTs for facility management in smart buildings. ...
Purpose: Despite the opportunities of digital twins (DTs) for smart buildings, limited research has been conducted regarding the facility management stage, and this is explained by the high complexity of accurately representing and modelling the physics behind the DTs process. This study thus organises and consolidates the fragmented literature on the DTs implementation for smart buildings at the facility management stage by exploring the enablers, applications, and challenges, and examines the interrelationships among them. Methodology: A systematic literature review approach is adopted to analyse and synthesise the existing literature relating to the subject topic. Findings: The study revealed six main categories of enablers of DTs for smart budling at the facility management stage, namely perception technologies, network technologies, storage technologies, application technologies, knowledge building, and design processes. Three substantial categories of DTs application for smart buildings were revealed at the facility management stage: efficient operation and service monitoring, efficient building energy management, and effective smart building maintenance. Subsequently, the top four major challenges were identified as being "lack of a systematic and comprehensive reference model", "real-time data integration", "the complexity and uncertainty nature of real-time data", and "real-time data visualisation". An integrative framework is finally proposed by examining the interactive relationship among the enablers, the applications, and the challenges. Practical implication: The findings could guide facility managers/engineers to fairly understand the enablers, applications, and challenges when DTs is being implemented to improve smart building performance and achieve user satisfaction at the facility management stage. Originality: This study contributes to the knowledge body on DTs by extending the scope of the existing studies to identify the enablers and applications of DTs for smart buildings at the facility management stage and the specific challenges.
... During the 1990s, the concept of smart buildings evolved to emphasize the integration of building occupants, intelligent systems, and environmental considerations to elevate the overall quality of life. Within the body of literature dedicated to smart buildings, there is a general consensus on three key defining characteristics: the incorporation of technology, the delivery of services, and the capacity to fulfill user requirements (Da Xu et al., 2014;Jacobsson, 2016;Pašek and Sojková, 2018). The core technologies of a smart building encompass hardware and software components, including sensors and home appliances. ...
... The system, consisting of a variety of appliance and sensor configurations, facilitates a wide range of tailored tasks and services to meet the needs of the inhabitants (Pramanik et al., 2019;Alsolami, 2022;Alanne and Sierla, 2022). A smart building can be defined as a dwelling equipped with sensors and connected domestic devices that form a communication network, providing lifestyle support (Pašek and Sojková, 2018;Sánchez-Corcuera et al., 2019). In essence, a smart building integrates smart devices and sensors into an intelligent system that provides management, surveillance, assistance, and responsive services. ...
... The purpose of this article is to examine and evaluate the challenges that impact smart building technologies (SBTs) in the Arab Gulf States across their entire life cycle, spanning four crucial phases: the conceptual planning and feasibility study phase, the design and engineering phase, the construction phase, and the operation and maintenance phase (Pašek and Sojková, 2018). The following is a review of the existing literature and pilot testing; a total of 55 challenges that influence the adoption of smart buildings throughout their life cycle were identified. ...
Introduction: Over the past few decades, there has been an increasing focus on Smart Building Projects (SBP) and the technologies associated with them. Numerous studies have been conducted globally to define smart building technologies (SBT), identify challenges, and explore areas for improvement. This study aims to examine the concept and terminology of SBT and the expertise and experience of participants in SBP in the Arab Gulf countries, specifically Saudi Arabia. The study also investigates the challenges faced by SBT throughout its life cycle.
Methods: To identify and assess the challenges affecting the adoption of smart building technologies. This approach included a literature review, pilot-testing, and a questionnaire survey. The survey targeted a sample of 90 architects/engineers, managers, and contractors.
Results: A total of 55 challenges were identified and categorized into four groups, corresponding to the key phases of the project life cycle. These phases include the programming and feasibility analysis phase, design phase, installation and commissioning phase, and operation and maintenance phase. The findings of this research expand the body of knowledge by providing architects/engineers, managers, and contractors in the architecture, engineering, construction, and facility management (AEC/FM) industry with insights into the influential challenges related to the adoption of SBT. In conclusion, this study sheds light on the concept and terminology of smart building technologies and explores the challenges faced by SBT during its life cycle. By identifying and categorizing these challenges, the study provides valuable information to AEC/FM practitioners, enabling them to overcome obstacles and improve the adoption of SBT.
... For building occupants, the term includes in this study both building users and assets. For the users, the general needs include comfort, mobility, security [20,24]. In relation to the building smartness drivers, Froufe et al. [20] identified users' drivers are those aiming at improving the user's health, security, satisfaction, and comfort. ...
... A facilities manager is mainly responsible for implementing space management and utilization activities for ensuring the provision of functional workplaces. The facilities manager is expected to develop solutions for increasing the usability of the assigned spaces and assess the impact of future changes on the available space (Pašek and Sojkov a, 2018). ...
Purpose
This study aims to analyze the facilities managers’ involvement over the project life cycle phases (PLP), based on theoretical knowledge, consensus from empirical assessment of facilities managers and consultants’ practices.
Design/methodology/approach
A literature review was undertaken to determine the different tasks that facilities managers typically handle, identify project phases and their underlying activities in which facilities managers would be involved. This was followed by targeting a group of consultants to build a consensus, upon the identified involvement of facilities managers, over the PLP, while measuring the level of involvement from a representative group of facilities managers in Saudi Arabia. A matching between the perceptions and practice has been performed to serve as recommendations for future research on improving the practice in Saudi Arabia.
Findings
The involvement of facilities managers in the PLP is relatively low, according to the consultants’ perceptions. Consultants perceive that facilities managers should be involved in more professional activities, which would ultimately improve projects’ delivery to clients.
Practical implications
The involvement of facilities managers over the PLP ensures effective delivery of projects and reduces the multiplicity of challenges at the operation and maintenance phase. The viewing of facility managers’ involvement adds to the effectiveness of their role within the building industry.
Originality/value
This paper investigates the consultants’ perception of the involvement venues for facility managers to perform activities which are evaluated to be “mandatory,” “advantageous” or “not necessary.” The study reflects the state of facilities management practice, and the consensus of consultants toward the role of the facility managers through the PLP.
... In spite of their benefits, SR applications encounter certain loopholes. Issues such as cybersecurity risks related to IoT devices [26], the necessity to optimize existing systems to interface with new technologies [20], the lack of IoT-related experience within the facility management (FM) team [27] and non-technical issues such as the legal complications surrounding the SR process and the social challenges associated with the change management of building users [20] are among the key sources of conflict in SR. SR is typically thought to be costly [28], and many building contractors are unwilling to participate in SR projects due to concerns about undertaking sophisticated work tasks, which would increase project risk and expenses [29]. ...
... This paper frequently refers to the term 'Use' to refer to the building operation phase that also necessitates procurement and end-of-life products management functions, as facility services include building operation, maintenance, technical facility management, cleaning and waste management, etc. [14]. Furthermore, professional management and maintenance during building operations are core functions of facility managers, and the building operation phase is far lengthier in comparison to construction and decommission [10]. An increasing drive for embedding and improving sustainability whilst delivering facility services means that the end-of-life management of various physical products is captured under the waste management function of facility management [14,36,40]. ...
Although literature discussing materials circularity in the built environment sector is well-developed, we have a limited understanding of circularity in facility services because most of the literature often generalises building operations, ignoring circularity applications via service streams. Thus, owing to the service nature of facility management, facility service providers’ remit, and the building operation functions, this paper makes a first-order attempt to conceptualise circularity in the context of facility services and to identify areas corresponding to key facility functions and performance improvement criteria. Facility service is an important service stream for building operations, and it includes a range of functions ensuring better condition, quality, serviceability, and durability of building assets. Understanding the limited research undertaken to highlight circularity in facility services, this paper uses a literature review and qualitative content analysis to categorise three scopes (procurement, building use, and end of life) and the corresponding circularity-oriented action areas in facility service delivery. As key findings, subtle changes in the core facility function, such as in products’ purchase approach, delivery of ongoing maintenance and refurbishment of building assets, and end-of-life management, possess the potential to enable circularity. Thus, within the buildings’ operation realm, a dedicated service stream, such as the facility service, can contribute to realising circularity for facility service providers’ commercial clients.
... J. PAŠEK, V. SOJKOVÁ; 2018; Focused on the problem of lake of clear action plan or strategy to efficiently manage the process of establishing and operating smart buildings. The research analyzed the demands of smart builds and; accordingly, proposed facility management as a comprehensive approach to manage the process of establishing and operating smart buildings; this is in addition to help achieving the demands and visions in case applied during early phases and throughout the life cycle if smart buildings [10]. ...
Smart building projects (SBP) evolved internationally during early 1980s; this trend of projects evolved in Egypt during the past twenty years. Nowadays, the New Administrative is Capital is considered the 1st smart city in Egypt where thousands of smart building projects (SBP) are being constructed. Lack of frameworks that are capable of managing SBP throughout their life cycle is considered a main problem facing this type of projects in Egypt. The current paper is concerned with analyzing and assessing the available frameworks of SBP and conducting a comparison between them in order to determine the characteristics and pros and cons of each of the frameworks. The objective of the paper has been fulfilled first; through analysis of literature sources; second; through analyzing and assessing the available frameworks of SBP. Finally, a comparative analysis between the available frameworks of SBP has been conducted and pros and cons of each framework have been pointed out.
