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Field experiments with six pumpkin cultivars ( Cucurbita pepo L.) were conducted in Ithaca, N.Y., in 1992 and 1993 to characterize the patterns of flowering and fruit set. Plants of all cultivars produced the greatest number of female flowers and exhibited the highest rate of fruit set 35-45 days after transplanting, during the first 2 weeks of gre...
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... According to Padulosi (2003), there is an urgent need not only to recognize underutilized commodities, but also to use and explore these commodities to meet 2 the needs of current and future generations. Squash is widely cultivated and consumed by rural people in Nigeria, where the ripe fruits serve as food security due to their long shelf life during the dry season (Oloyede, 2013). Unfortunately, a little-known potential trade item, pumpkin served as a staple food for vulnerable people in Nigeria during a tomato shortage when they are stored. ...
Pumpkin, a member of the Cucurbitaceae plant family is an underutilized crop in Nigeria. This plant requires minimal agronomic input to produce optimal yield and it is drought tolerant. However, due to preservation, the fruit does not remain biochemically the same. What happens to squash stored for months after harvesting at room temperature needs to be examined from nutritional point of view. Therefore, this study was performed to evaluate the effects of storage at ambient temperature and relative humidity on selected vitamins (A, C, and E), and the proximate (crude protein, crude fiber, crude ash, and carbohydrate) in the green and orange morphotypes of pumpkin fruit. Pumpkins harvested in 2015 were stored for 4 months (January to April) and nutritional parameters evaluated monthly using standard assays. The results showed that the vitamin A content did not change significantly (P<0.05) over the storage period and morphotypes while the vitamin C and vitamin E contents decreased by 15% and 18%, respectively, when comparing the 1st and 4th months of storage. Crude protein and fat content decreased significantly over the storage period. However, crude fiber and ash increased in storage time. Except for crude fiber, the two morphotypes behaved similarly over the storage period. Remarkably, vitamin A concentrations in squash did not change after harvest, and some of the nutrients studied were not significantly affected during the first 4 months of storage. This information is especially important for people in rural areas limited in modern ways of storing fruit vegetable after harvest.
... According to Xie et al. [53], the addition of P fertiliser showed an increased seed yield of oilseed flax. Oloyede et al. [54] reported in their study that an application of NPK on pumpkin had significantly improved its seed yield. ...
Nutrient recovery technologies have been constantly developed and optimised to address challenges in water and wastewater management, sanitation, and agri-food systems, while promoting sustainable management of resources and circular phosphorous economy. However, these technologies have been rarely explored beyond the laboratory-scale in developing countries where it is mostly needed. In this study, a nutrient recovery batch reactor system was installed at a local farm in the Philippines to process raw septage from an onsite sanitation system, a septic tank, to recover a high-value fertiliser for local crop production. The batch reactor was used for two processes, namely acid hydrolysis for pre-treatment of septage and chemical precipitation for recovered phosphorous fertiliser (RPF). The recovered fertiliser was then applied to produce eggplants and tomatoes, which are the common crops grown in the farm. Results show that an average of 290 g of RPF was produced for every 100 L of raw septage processed. With hydrolysis, 77% of the phosphate concentration were released as phosphates from the solid component of the raw septage. About 98.5% of phosphates were recovered from the hydrolysed septage. The RPF when applied to the farm’s eggplants and tomatoes has yields comparable to that of the commercial fertilisers. This study was able to demonstrate the potential of a resource-oriented sanitation system that promotes nutrient recycling towards sustainable agriculture that further leads to meeting the United Nations sustainable development goals, particularly zero hunger (goal 2), clean water and sanitation (goal 6), sustainable cities and communities (goal 11), and responsible consumption and production (goal 12).
... Oloyede et. al. [52], reported that in their study that application of NPK on pumpkin has significantly improved its seed yield. ...
Nutrient recovery technologies have been constantly developed and optimised to address challenges in water and wastewater management, sanitation, and agri-food systems, while promoting sustainable management of resources, and circular phosphorus economy. However, these technologies have been rarely explored beyond laboratory-scale in developing countries where it is mostly needed, such as the Philippines. In this study, a nutrient recovery batch reactor system was installed at a local farm to process raw septage from an onsite sanitation system, septic tank, to recover a high-value fertiliser for local crop production. The batch reactor was used for two processes; acid hydrolysis for pre-treatment of septage and chemical precipitation to recover phosphorus fertiliser (RPF). The recovered fertiliser was then applied to produce eggplants and tomatoes, which are the common crops grown in the farm. Results show that an average of 290 g of recovered RPF was produced for every 100 L of raw septage processed. With hydrolysis, 77% of the phosphate concentration were released as phosphates from the solid component of the raw septage. About 98.5% of phosphates were recovered from the hydrolysed septage. The RPF when applied to the farm’s eggplants and tomatoes have yields comparable to that of the commercial fertilisers. This study was able to demonstrate the potential of a resource-oriented sanitation system that promotes nutrient recycling toward sustainable agriculture that further leads to meeting the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals, particularly Zero Hunger (goal 2), Clean Water and Sanitation (goal 6), Sustainable Cities and Communities (goal 11), and Responsible Consumption and Production (goal 12).
... The most commonly used variables to evaluate the growth of fruit are the length, width, and dry matter accumulation [21,22]. After anthesis, the chayote fruit begins its development from an inferior ovary and growth follows a simple sigmoid-type curve, comprised of three phases, like that of other cucurbit fruits such as pumpkin, cucumber, and chilacayote [8,23,24]. In phase I, the fruit and the seed showed slow growth (cell division). ...
The chayote fruit is a nontraditional vegetable belonging to the Cucurbitaceae family. The fruit has an endocarpic recalcitrant seed that emerges postharvest, drastically shortening its shelf life. In this study, the changes during fruit and seed development before and after harvest (ah) are reported. Additionally, in order to investigate how growth regulators (GRs) affect seed germination, 2-cloroethylphosphonic acid (CPA) (200 µL L−1), gibberellic acid (GA3) (100 and 200 mg L−1), auxin (2,4-D) (0.5 and 1.0 mM), and abscisic acid (ABA) (0.5 and 1.0 mM) were applied after harvest. The results showed that the chayote fruit reached horticultural maturity at 21 days after anthesis, with a sigmoid trend: phase I featured slow growth and high transpiration; in phase II, growth was accelerated and accumulation of endosperm was observed; and in phase III, both growth rate and transpiration were reduced, soluble sugars increased, and the seed showed 25% cotyledon development. At day 13 ah, CPA, GA3, and 2,4-D (0.5 mM) increased seed germination, with values between 10 and 15 mm of the embryonary axis, and the treatments with 2,4-D (1 mM) and ABA (0.5 and 1.0 mM) retarded their growth (2–6 mm). This research allowed us to reveal the phenological phases and the shelf life of the chayote fruit, as well as the results of possible postharvest treatment with GRs; our results suggest that strategies to delay viviparism and prolong the shelf life of the fruit should be applied before 10 days ah, when the embryonic axis of the seed has not developed.
... However, it was noted that application of NPK fertilizer beyond 300 kg NPK ha -1 did not significantly increase fruit weight of pepino plants grown in the field. Results of this study for both greenhouse and field grown pepino melons are in agreement with those of Oloyede et al., [33] who found that increasing NPK fertilizer rate led to an increase in fruit weight of pumpkin up to a point beyond which there was no significant increase pumpkin fruit weight. Temperature plays a very important role in growth and development of fruits in most fruit vegetables [34]. ...
Pepino melon ( Solanum muricatum Ait.) is an exotic vegetable whose consumption is on the increase in Kenya due to its health and nutritional benefits. A study was conducted at Egerton University, Kenya in 2018-2019 to investigate the effect of NPK fertilizer rates (0, 100, 200. 300 and 400 kg ha ⁻¹ ) on growth and yield of field and greenhouse grown pepino melons. The experiment was laid in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Data was recorded on plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves per bush, number of branches, days to 50% flowering, fruit weight and total yield. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance with the SAS statistical package. Significant means were separated using Tukey’s Honestly Significant Difference at p ≤ 0.05. Results indicated that NPK fertilizer rates and growing environment influenced growth and yield of pepino melon. At 100 DAP plants grown in the greenhouse and supplied with 200 kg NPK ha ⁻¹ had a stem diameter of 14.01 mm which was significantly bigger p ≤ 0.05 compared to those grown in the field and supplied with 300 kg NPK ha ⁻¹ with a stem diameter of 11.71 mm in trial two. Application of 300 kg NPK ha ⁻¹ for field grown pepino melons gave the highest yield of 1102.48 kg ha ⁻¹ and 1060.55 kg ha ⁻¹ in trial one and two respectively. In conclusion, application of 300 kg ha ⁻¹ of NPK fertilizer for field grown pepino melon is recommended.
... Cucurbits are also affected by soil physical and chemical characteristics (Clementina, 2013). Agrochemical and biochemical studies have indicated NPK fertilizer as the most effective and fast acting factors of variations in the chemical composition of plants and other crop qualities (Oloyede et al., 2013). However, Fanadzo et al. (2010) reported that improper chemical fertilizer application in butternut affects chemical, physical and biological properties of soil, resulting low yield and quality. ...
... In addition, availability and uptake of nutrients is enhanced during biodegradation of organic manure (Nerson, 2008). Inorganic fertilizers like NPK contain significant amounts of nutrients (N, P, and K), which is released to the soil (Oloyede et al., 2013). Natsheh and Mousa (2014), also observed that combined use of organic and inorganic fertilizer improved soil nutrient status (N, P, K, C and C:N) after cucumber (Cucumis sativa L.) harvest, which is closely related to butternut. ...
Butternut (Cucurbita moschata Duch. ex Poir) is an important vegetable, where its tender leaves and mature fruits are used in human diets and income generation. However, frequent leaf harvest for consumption with limited or no soil nutrient replenishment affect its yield and economic production. To address this, experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Training Centre (ATC-Matuga-Mkongani), to determine the effect of combined use of NPK fertilizer (17:17:17), cattle manure and frequency of leaf harvest on yield and economic benefits of dual-purpose butternut. A randomized complete block design with three replications was used in a split-split plot arrangement. NPK was applied as the main plot, at 0, 250, 500, and 750 kg ha-1. Cattle manure was applied as the sub-plot, at 0, 2,500, 5,000, and 7,500 kg ha-1. Leaf harvest frequency was applied as the sub-sub plot, at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weekly harvest interval, 8 weeks after planting. Data was collected on soil nutrient status, yield and economic returns. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and means separated with Tukey's test, at α = 0.05. Integrated use of NPK fertilizer and cattle manure helped to improve soil nutrient status (C, N, P, K) even at more frequent leaf harvest (4-week intervals). Yield and economic returns of butternut was also highest when 250 kg ha-1 of NPK and/or 2500 kg ha-1 of cattle manure was applied, irrespective of leaf harvest frequency. Combined application of lower rates of NPK (250 kg ha-1) and/or cattle manure (2,500 kg ha-1), even at higher leaf harvest frequency (4-week intervals) may help farmers to harvest butternut leaves during production and still get better fruit yield and economic returns.
... Use of organic fertilizers, combined with inorganic sources enhances nutrient availability, optimizes the soil environment and improves crop productivity (Anjanappa et al., 2012). Recommendations for mineral nutrients for optimum soil enhancement especially NPK fertilizer in cucurbits may be as high as 250-500 kg•ha −1 , depending on climatic condition, soil type, and soil native nutrients (Anonymous, 2017;Oloyede et al., 2013). There is limited information on combined use of organic and inorganic fertilizer application in butternut production. ...
... Potassium positively influences plant yield and chlorophyll contents (Taiz and Zeiger, 2010). Phosphorus and potassium affect setting and development of fruit (Oloyede et al., 2013). Soil microorganisms need carbon substrate from organic manure for growth and energy. ...
There is limited knowledge on how frequency of leaf harvest and soil nutrient replenishment affects growth and yield of Butternut squash (Cucurbita moschata Duch. ex Poir). An experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Training Centre Matuga-Mkongani, Kenya, to determine effects of a combination of synthetic compound fertilizer (NPK) and cattle manure, and frequency of leaf harvest on growth and yield of butternut. The synthetic fertilizer was applied at 250, 500, or 750 kg∙ha-1, and manure at 2.5, 5.0, or 7.5 t∙ha-1 in all combinations. Leaves were harvested at 2, 4, 6 or 8 week interval. Combining NPK fertilizer at 500 kg∙ha-1 with cattle manure at 5.0 t∙ha-1 increased number of branches, vine length, stomatal conductance, and resulted in better sex expression ratio than the rest of the treatments. Butternut leaf harvest frequency of at least 4 week interval was sufficient to maintain higher branch numbers. Combining 500 kg∙ha-1 of NPK fertilizer with 2.5 t∙ha-1 of cattle manure was sufficient to improve growth and fruit yield of butternut, even at 2 week leaf harvest frequency. Combined use of NPK fertilizer and cattle manure may benefit yield of butternut when harvesting leaves for consumption.
... [11]; the functional impact of vermicompost on Amaranthus retroflexus L. [12], Drimiopsis maculata Lindl. & Paxton [13]; and the helpful reaction of NPK on Cucurbitapepo L. [14]. Totally, they documented that the application of proper portion for different fertilizers, separately or in combination, can help the producers to meet the optimum production of medicinal plants. ...
The present study was carried out to assess the effects of bio-organic and inorganic fertilizers on plant nutrients, essential oil composition and antioxidant capacity of Satureja macrantha L. The experiment included nine treatments viz., NPK (50:25:25 kg ha−1), Vermicompost (VC) (5 t ha–1), NPK +VC, Thiobacillus (T), T+VC, T+sulfur (S) (250 kg ha−1), T+S 500 kg ha−1, Glomus mosseae, and control (untreated plants). The results showed the highest Essential Oil (EO) content and yield were respectively observed in plants treated with the combination of VC and NPK. Total Phenol Content (TPC) in first-year plants treated with VC and second-year plants under NPK+VC were higher than other experimental plants. Total Flavonoid Content (TFC) in second-year plants under the combination of NPK was greater than other plants. N content in first year plants treated with NPK fertilizer / combination of NPK and VC was higher compared to other experimental plants. The highest P content was observed in the NPK application in first year. Gas Chromatography—Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) analyses revealed that the main constitutes of S. macrantha EO were p- Cymene (16.30-34.64%), γ-terpinene (15.46-33.6%), and Thymol (14.82-43.09%), which had different responses to sampling time and fertilizer treatments.
... yield parameters data were taken from rows 3 and 4 (net row) and 10 randomly harvested fruits were selected for number of fruits per plot, fruit length, fruit circumference and fruit yield and yield parameters ha -1 was determined as described by Oloyede et al. (2013). Marketable fruits were determined based on uniformity in color, size and shape and undamaged by pests or disease and it were sold at the current market price. ...
How to cite this article: A J I BO L A O lu fe m i V i c to r a n d AMUJOYEGBE Bamidele Julius. Comparative Effect of Sesasons, Organomineral Fertilizer Ratios and Ensuring an adequate good nutritional supply has been a major concern of mankind over the millennia, and even in today's modern world of great scientific and technological achievements. Fruits and vegetables are of great nutritional value and they are sources of vitamins and minerals, thus, essential components of human diet. Premise to the above challenge there is the need to evaluate the economics production of cucumber under different agronomic management in order to encourage local production among small holder farmers. Experiment to document the productivity of cucumber was in early and late cropping seasons of 2016 at Teaching and Research Farm of Obafemi Awolowo University (OAU), Ile-Ife, Nigeria. The experimental design was a split-plot laid out in a Randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The main plot include; four vine trailing methods (Staked, Trellised, Mulch and control) while sub-plots were six levels of organomineral fertilizers fortified in ratios (1:3, 1:1, 3:1 of organic with inorganic fertilizer;, 100% NPKha-1, 100% Organic Nha-1 and 0% Nha-1 as a control). The fertilizers were aimed to give 100% kg Nha-1. Data were collected on fruit yield per plot and yield was converted to hectare. The data collected were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using (SAS, 2003). Means of significant treatments were separated using the Duncan`s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Also, gross margin analysis was carried out to know the profitability of the production seasons of cucumber. The data obtained from the experiments show that type of vine management and fertilizers significantly affected the yield of cucumber. Among the vine trailing methods investigated mulched method significantly enhanced the yield and subsequently produced the higher number of fruits and resulted in higher fruit yield per hectare. Ratio 1:1 combination of inorganic and organic fertilizers resulted in the highest number of cucumber fruits and economic return. Therefore, for effective production of cucumber, application of organic and mineral fertilizers at the ratio 1:1 with the use of straw mulching resulted in higher yield and better revenue. In addition, gross margin analysis reviewed that late raining season production of cucumber gives more income compared with early season production. ABSTRACT AJAR: https://escipub.com/american-journal-of-agricultural-research/ 1
... [11]; the functional impact of vermicompost on Amaranthus retroflexus L. [12], Drimiopsis maculata Lindl. & Paxton [13]; and the helpful reaction of NPK on Cucurbitapepo L. [14]. Totally, they documented that the application of proper portion for different fertilizers, separately or in combination, can help the producers to meet the optimum production of medicinal plants. ...
Nowadays, the use of bio-organic compounds has been increased due to adverse effects of chemical fertilizers in production of medicinal plants. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of soil amendments (bio-organic and inorganic fertilizers) on plant growth, physiological and biochemical properties of medic savory [Satureja macrantha (Makino) Kudô]. The experiment included nine treatments to be NPK (50:25:25 kg ha −1), vermicompost (VC) (5 t ha-1), NPK +VC, Thiobacillus (T), T + VC, T + sulfur (S) (250 kg ha −1), T+S 500 kg ha −1 , Glomus mosseae, and control (untreated plants). Plant height, the number of branches and crown area gradually increased with the application of soil amendments. Accordingly, the simultaneous application of VC and NPK fertilizer significantly increased the amount of these traits compared to other experimental treatments. According to the effect of combined amounts of inorganic, organic, and bio-fertilizers, it was noted that the combination of VC and NPK fertilizer gave the highest chlorophyll content. In both years, soil amendments used in our study gradually increased the total soluble sugar (TSS) and relative water content (RWC) compared to control. Higher essential oil (EO) content and yield were observed under the combination of VC and NPK in comparison toother soil amendments. Our results suggest the simultaneous application of VC and NPK to meet the optimum growth and EO yield of medic savory.
